利川山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種植(zhi)歷史(shi)悠(you)久,近年(nian)(nian)來,為了加(jia)快我(wo)市(shi)(shi)經濟支柱山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)業建設,使農(nong)民增收(shou)、農(nong)業增效、企業贏利、財政增收(shou),我(wo)市(shi)(shi)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種植(zhi)、加(jia)工(gong)正快速(su)地向規模化(hua)、科(ke)學化(hua)、標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)邁進。2007年(nian)(nian),國(guo)家質(zhi)量監督檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫局發布公告(gao),批(pi)準對利川山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)實施地理標志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保(bao)護。到2015年(nian)(nian),山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)基地規模已(yi)達1670公頃。利川山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)因其肉質(zhi)、色(se)澤、味道、黏度(du)、口(kou)感、氣味、營養等成(cheng)分商品(pin)化(hua)指標在全國(guo)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)種中(zhong)處于優勢地位,憑借良好(hao)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi),利川山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)在國(guo)內和(he)出(chu)口(kou)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)競爭優勢十分突出(chu),具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場知名度(du),深受國(guo)際(ji)國(guo)內市(shi)(shi)場及廣大(da)消費者歡迎。
產地環境
利(li)川地處中亞熱(re)帶(dai)與亞熱(re)帶(dai)的過(guo)度(du)地帶(dai),屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)大(da)陸季風性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。因山嶺重(zhong)疊(die),溪(xi)谷(gu)縱(zong)橫,海拔315—2041米,相(xiang)對高差大(da),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化較大(da),山地氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明顯。與同緯度(du)的平(ping)原相(xiang)比,具有冬無(wu)嚴寒(han)、夏(xia)無(wu)酷暑、雨量充(chong)沛、風力較小(xiao)等特征。低山四(si)季分明,冬暖夏(xia)熱(re),年均氣(qi)(qi)溫為12.8℃,全年日照時間達1298小(xiao)時,年降雨量在1300—1760mm左右,無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期為234天,無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期長,其獨特的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件(jian),造就了山藥喜(xi)溫、喜(xi)濕、耐蔭的生活(huo)習性,進而促進了山藥內營養物質的合成。
土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是造(zao)就利川山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)獨特品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)關鍵因素,是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)自然基礎,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)所需的(de)養分和(he)水分,都是從土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中取得的(de),因此,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)物(wu)理化學性質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)緊(jin)密相關。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)主產地內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)隨海拔高度不同而(er)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)有(you)(you)別。適宜利川山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要有(you)(you)黃壤(rang)、黃棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)、棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、石灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。利川山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)園(yuan)地土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)風(feng)化比較(jiao)完全,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚,疏松肥(fei)(fei)沃、排水流暢、通透性好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中含有(you)(you)豐(feng)(feng)富的(de)鐵、氮(dan)、磷、鉀、硒等多種礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)營(ying)養元素和(he)各種微量元素一應(ying)俱全,而(er)且有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量高,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)鹽基飽和(he)度高,具有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)保肥(fei)(fei)蓄肥(fei)(fei)性能,以致山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)有(you)(you)效品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成分和(he)各種保健營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)(feng)富。利川山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)的(de)香(xiang)氣、滋味(wei)、口感(gan)等品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優于其(qi)他山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)。
品質特色
感官特征:利川山(shan)藥(yao)質地堅實,水分充足,硬度適中,外形整齊,色澤漂亮,根(gen)毛(mao)稀少(shao)(shao),肉質雪白(bai),口感松軟細膩,綿甜適口,脆嫩甜香,素稱(cheng)“林野(ye)山(shan)珍(zhen)”,是美食(shi)之佳肴,根(gen)莖棒狀(zhuang),長達(da)33~66厘米,最長達(da)100厘米以上,根(gen)少(shao)(shao)分枝,白(bai)色根(gen)著生許多須根(gen),斷面呈粘性,粘絲細長,可(ke)達(da)丈余。白(bai)色小單(dan)生花,蒴果。葉(xie)對生,葉(xie)形多變化,常為心(xin)臟形或(huo)剪(jian)形掌狀(zhuang),葉(xie)脈6~9出,葉(xie)腋間生有株芽(稱(cheng)零余子,也叫山(shan)藥(yao)豆,山(shan)藥(yao)蛋)可(ke)供繁(fan)殖材(cai)料,也可(ke)食(shi)用。