利川山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史悠久(jiu),近年(nian)(nian)來,為了(le)加快(kuai)我市經濟(ji)支(zhi)柱山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)產業(ye)建設,使農民(min)增(zeng)收、農業(ye)增(zeng)效、企業(ye)贏利、財政增(zeng)收,我市山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植、加工正快(kuai)速地向規模化(hua)、科學化(hua)、標準化(hua)生產邁進。2007年(nian)(nian),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)質(zhi)量監督檢驗檢疫局發布(bu)公(gong)告,批準對利川山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)實施(shi)地理標志產品(pin)保護(hu)。到2015年(nian)(nian),山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)基地規模已達1670公(gong)頃(qing)。利川山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)因其(qi)肉質(zhi)、色(se)澤、味道(dao)、黏度、口(kou)感、氣(qi)味、營(ying)養等(deng)成分商品(pin)化(hua)指標在全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)中處于優勢(shi)地位,憑(ping)借良好(hao)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi),利川山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內和出口(kou)市場的(de)競爭(zheng)優勢(shi)十分突出,具有很高的(de)市場知(zhi)名度,深受國(guo)(guo)(guo)際國(guo)(guo)(guo)內市場及廣大消費者歡迎。
產地環境
利川地(di)處中亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶與亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶的(de)過度地(di)帶,屬亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶大(da)陸季(ji)風性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。因山(shan)嶺重疊,溪谷縱橫(heng),海拔315—2041米,相(xiang)對高差(cha)大(da),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)較大(da),山(shan)地(di)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明顯(xian)。與同緯度的(de)平原相(xiang)比,具(ju)有冬無(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)酷暑、雨(yu)量(liang)充沛、風力較小等特征(zheng)。低山(shan)四(si)季(ji)分明,冬暖夏熱(re),年(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)12.8℃,全年(nian)日照時間達(da)1298小時,年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)在1300—1760mm左(zuo)右,無(wu)霜期為(wei)234天,無(wu)霜期長,其獨(du)特的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件,造(zao)就(jiu)了山(shan)藥喜溫、喜濕、耐(nai)蔭的(de)生活習性,進而促進了山(shan)藥內(nei)營養物質的(de)合成。
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)是造就利川(chuan)山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)獨特(te)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的關(guan)鍵(jian)因素,是山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)長的自(zi)然基礎,山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)長所需的養(yang)分(fen)和(he)水(shui)分(fen),都是從土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中取(qu)得的,因此(ci),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的物(wu)(wu)理化(hua)學性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)與山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)長緊密相關(guan)。山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)主產地內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)隨海拔高(gao)度不同而土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)別。適宜(yi)利川(chuan)山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)長發育的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型(xing)(xing)主要有(you)(you)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)。利川(chuan)山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)園地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)風化(hua)比較完全,土(tu)(tu)層深厚,疏松肥沃、排水(shui)流暢、通透性(xing)(xing)好,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中含(han)有(you)(you)豐富的鐵(tie)、氮、磷(lin)、鉀、硒等多(duo)種礦物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)營養(yang)元素和(he)各(ge)種微(wei)量元素一(yi)應俱全,而且(qie)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量高(gao),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的鹽基飽(bao)和(he)度高(gao),具有(you)(you)較好的保(bao)肥蓄肥性(xing)(xing)能,以致山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)長旺盛,山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)效品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)和(he)各(ge)種保(bao)健營養(yang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)豐富。利川(chuan)山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的香氣、滋(zi)味、口感等品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)于其他山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。
品質特色
感官特征:利川(chuan)山(shan)藥質地堅(jian)實,水分充足,硬度(du)適中,外形(xing)整齊(qi),色(se)澤漂亮,根(gen)毛(mao)稀少,肉質雪白(bai),口感松軟細膩,綿甜(tian)適口,脆(cui)嫩甜(tian)香,素稱(cheng)“林野山(shan)珍”,是(shi)美食之(zhi)佳肴,根(gen)莖棒狀,長達33~66厘(li)米(mi),最(zui)長達100厘(li)米(mi)以上,根(gen)少分枝(zhi),白(bai)色(se)根(gen)著生(sheng)許多須根(gen),斷面呈粘(zhan)性(xing),粘(zhan)絲細長,可(ke)達丈余(yu)。白(bai)色(se)小單生(sheng)花,蒴果。葉(xie)(xie)對生(sheng),葉(xie)(xie)形(xing)多變化,常為心(xin)臟形(xing)或剪形(xing)掌狀,葉(xie)(xie)脈6~9出(chu),葉(xie)(xie)腋間生(sheng)有株芽(稱(cheng)零(ling)余(yu)子,也叫山(shan)藥豆(dou),山(shan)藥蛋(dan))可(ke)供繁(fan)殖(zhi)材料(liao),也可(ke)食用(yong)。