一.產品介紹
雙城市種(zhong)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史較(jiao)早,據民國版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙城縣志卷七(qi)物產志四(si)十(shi)六頁記載(zai):“西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua),形如(ru)扁(bian)蒲而圓,色皮(pi)(pi)青脆,其(qi)味類甜瓜(gua)(gua),味甘(gan),脆中有(you)汁,熱時加意保存,可留(liu)數月,但不(bu)能經歲,亦不(bu)變黃(huang)色,有(you)久苦目(mu)疾(ji)者,曝干(gan)服(fu)之而愈。雙城田地(di)宜種(zhong)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua),有(you)月明瓜(gua)(gua)皮(pi)(pi),瓤(rang)(rang)籽皆白,有(you)綠皮(pi)(pi)瓤(rang)(rang)丹(dan)色,有(you)白皮(pi)(pi)黃(huang)瓤(rang)(rang)者。一枚(mei)重三(san)、四(si)十(shi)斤(jin),沙甜如(ru)蜜(mi)消渴(ke)佳品。新中國成立后(hou),雙城的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)幾(ji)經變革(ge),由(you)最(zui)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單一低產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方品種(zhong),到現(xian)(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“新紅寶”、“慶(qing)抗(kang)十(shi)九(jiu)”“慶(qing)發十(shi)二”、綠冠“等多個(ge)系列高(gao)產雜交品種(zhong);產量由(you)初(chu)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1000斤(jin)增加支現(xian)(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均10000斤(jin)左右,單產提高(gao)了10多倍;栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)方式(shi)也由(you)過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直播轉變為現(xian)(xian)(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)、全膜(mo)覆蓋、一年兩茬(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復套(tao)種(zhong)、保護地(di)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)等先進(jin)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術配套(tao)組合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)質、高(gao)產、高(gao)效栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)模式(shi)。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素
雙城西瓜(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地地勢(shi)平(ping)坦,遠離市中心,無工業“三廢”污染(ran),土質(zhi)肥沃(wo),為黑鈣土,耕(geng)作層40cm,適(shi)合平(ping)原灌溉,土壤pH值為5.5—7.0,有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)在2—4%,全(quan)氮(dan)0.15—0.3%,全(quan)磷0.12—0.25%,全(quan)鉀2-3.5 %,富含(han)(han)微量(liang)元素,自(zi)然肥力高(gao),適(shi)合種(zhong)(zhong)植西瓜(gua)。該基(ji)地氣候溫(wen)和(he),光(guang)照充足,雨量(liang)充沛,生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)良好,無霜期140-146天(tian)左右。降水(shui)均勻(yun),年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)500毫米左右,年(nian)有效積溫(wen)2700℃以上,達(da)到(dao)無公害西瓜(gua)生(sheng)產基(ji)地標準,符合環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)要求。雙城西瓜(gua)因產地晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大,干物質(zhi)積累多,糖分含(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao),形成(cheng)了香味濃郁,甜(tian)脆可口,口感(gan)極(ji)佳(jia)的獨(du)特品(pin)味,而且不(bu)裂(lie)果(guo),耐(nai)貯耐(nai)運。
三.地域范圍
雙(shuang)城(cheng)西瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)區(qu)位于雙(shuang)城(cheng)市(shi)西北部,地(di)處(chu)松嫩平原南部,松花江上游,屬(shu)北中溫(wen)(wen)帶。氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和,光照充(chong)足(zu),土質肥沃,適(shi)宜(yi)西瓜(gua)(gua)種植(zhi)。地(di)域保護范圍為東經125°41′--126°42′,北緯45°08′--45°43′之間,共分布在24個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),分別(bie)為:水泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、公正鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、 農豐(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、杏山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、同心鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、臨江鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、萬隆鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、韓甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭(lan)棱鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、單城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、聯興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東官鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、周家鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五(wu)家鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、幸(xing)福鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雙(shuang)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、希勤鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、團結鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、永勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、樂群鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),地(di)域保護面(mian)積219333公頃,其中,西瓜(gua)(gua)3300公頃,生(sheng)產(chan)西瓜(gua)(gua)247500噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外在感官特征:雙城西瓜(gua)幼瓜(gua)圓型(xing),淺綠(lv)色細條(tiao)帶(dai),條(tiao)帶(dai)不舒展。中期淺綠(lv)色,條(tiao)帶(dai)加寬。成熟(shu)果實長橢(tuo)圓型(xing),表皮深綠(lv)色帶(dai)有細網(wang)紋,條(tiao)帶(dai)紋路(lu)顏色加深,形(xing)狀(zhuang)更加舒展,呈現明顯深色花紋。皮厚0.3厘米左(zuo)右(you),果型(xing)端正豐滿,單果重15—20公斤(jin)左(zuo)右(you),果肉(rou)紅色,甜爽脆沙(sha),質細香甜。不裂(lie)果,耐貯運。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao):雙城西瓜(gua)的營養(yang)價值極高,每公斤西瓜(gua)維生素C含(han)量﹥50mg,總含(han)糖(tang)量﹥7.0%,可溶固形(xing)物含(han)量﹥8.5%,糖(tang)分含(han)量適(shi)中(zhong)。
3、安全(quan)(quan)要求:雙城西瓜在生產過程中嚴格執行NY5109—2005無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品西瓜類標(biao)準,GB4285農藥安全(quan)(quan)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準,GB/T8321農藥合理使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準,NY5110—2002無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品西瓜產地環境等國家強制性技術規范(fan)。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)(di)(di)選擇與(yu)特殊內(nei)容(rong)規定(ding):雙城西瓜產地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)符(fu)(fu)合(he)NY5110-2002無公害西瓜產地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條件。基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的土壤環境(jing)質量(liang)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB15618-1995的標準,基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的灌溉水質符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB4284—84的標準,基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的大(da)氣環境(jing)質量(liang)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB3095—82的標準,保(bao)護農作物大(da)氣污染(ran)最(zui)高允許濃度標準GB137—88。
2、品(pin)種選擇與(yu)特(te)定要求:選用黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)登記或國家審(shen)定允許在黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)種植的優質、高產、高抗,并且生育期所需有效(xiao)積溫比當地常年(nian)有效(xiao)積溫少100℃的優良品(pin)種。根據我(wo)市的生態條件,選用綠(lv)冠(guan)等品(pin)種。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li),包(bao)括生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料方面(mian)的(de)(de)特殊使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定(ding)(ding):嚴格(ge)(ge)控制(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)來源,生(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必須(xu)是三(san)證(zheng)(zheng)(營業(ye)執照、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經營許可證(zheng)(zheng)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量(liang)合(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)(zheng))俱(ju)全(quan)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),從國外(wai)或省外(wai)購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必須(xu)有檢疫證(zheng)(zheng)明,并(bing)備(bei)有詳細的(de)(de)購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。 農(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符合(he)GB/T8321農(nong)(nong)藥合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準(zhun)和(he)GB4285農(nong)(nong)藥安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定(ding)(ding)標準(zhun),在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中嚴禁使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)毒、長(chang)(chang)殘(can)留(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)國家(jia)明文規定(ding)(ding)不得使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥;病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)堅持(chi)以“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為主(zhu),綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze),選擇抗多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)害(hai)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu),加(jia)強預(yu)測預(yu)報工(gong)作,優先(xian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi),結合(he)物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi),科學(xue)合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。嚴格(ge)(ge)掌握農(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)間隔(ge)期;安全(quan)合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥;及時(shi)做好農(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)田(tian)間檔案記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。嚴格(ge)(ge)執行肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料合(he)理(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)(ze),根據(ju)植物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)需要平衡施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)經過(guo)無(wu)害(hai)化處理(li)的(de)(de)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),及配(pei)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)配(pei)比合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze):以施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu);輔(fu)以其它(ta)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料,以施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為輔(fu);盡量(liang)限制(zhi)(zhi)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),及時(shi)做好肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)田(tian)間管(guan)理(li)檔案記(ji)(ji)錄(lu),絕不施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)垃(la)圾肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料。
4、產品收(shou)獲:最后一次追肥在收(shou)獲前(qian)一個月進(jin)行(xing)。
5、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求:要做(zuo)好生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全(quan)過程的記(ji)錄(lu),包括:種子(zi)、化(hua)肥、農藥的購銷(xiao)、使(shi)用記(ji)錄(lu)、西瓜銷(xiao)售記(ji)錄(lu)。記(ji)錄(lu)要完整(zheng)真(zhen)實,存檔兩年(nian)以(yi)上,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料使(shi)用記(ji)錄(lu)要真(zhen)實反映產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全(quan)過程,凡無(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)資料記(ji)錄(lu)的可視(shi)為違(wei)約,不(bu)予銷(xiao)售。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
地(di)域范(fan)圍內(nei)的西(xi)瓜產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包(bao)裝上(shang)使用已獲登(deng)記(ji)保護(hu)的農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志,須向登(deng)記(ji)證書持有(you)人提出申(shen)請,并(bing)按照(zhao)規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)和使用標志,在(zai)其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)其包(bao)裝上(shang)統一使用農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(雙城西(xi)瓜稱和公共(gong)標識圖(tu)案組合標注形式)。