一.產品介紹
在(zai)黑龍(long)江民間有句話流傳:“呼蘭(lan)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)蔥、阿(a)(a)城的(de)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、雙城的(de)“菇娘”不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)看!”阿(a)(a)城區大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生產早(zao)在(zai)1115年(nian)(nian),女真族(zu)首領完(wan)顏阿(a)(a)骨(gu)打建立(li)大(da)(da)(da)金(jin)帝(di)國,定(ding)都(dou)今阿(a)(a)什(shen)河畔白城村,史(shi)稱“金(jin)上(shang)京會(hui)寧府”,歷經(jing) 4 帝(di) 38 年(nian)(nian),種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)作物(wu)品種(zhong)中就以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)為主(zhu),至今有900年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。民國3年(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)),阿(a)(a)城大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)面積就達1300畝。 阿(a)(a)城大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),浸滿(man)了厚重(zhong)的(de)金(jin)代文化。尤其(qi)是金(jin)上(shang)京遺址(zhi)(zhi)中種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),更(geng)是充滿(man)了歷史(shi)的(de)傳奇。且不(bu)(bu)說人們(men)流傳的(de)阿(a)(a)城大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)可以(yi)當殺菌(jun)藥用(yong)(yong),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)說當年(nian)(nian)金(jin)太(tai)祖每天(tian)都(dou)要吃(chi)幾頭(tou)紫皮大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),更(geng)不(bu)(bu)說當年(nian)(nian)一百姓進貢一麻袋(dai)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)換回來一麻袋(dai)金(jin)子。只(zhi)是在(zai)皇城遺址(zhi)(zhi)里邊種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),就足以(yi)加重(zhong)阿(a)(a)城蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)歷史(shi)文化氛圍。1996年(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)城被中國特產協會(hui)命名為“中國北方大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素
1.土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:阿(a)城大蒜生(sheng)產地(di)(di)域阿(a)什河街南城村(cun)、白城村(cun)、東環(huan)村(cun),雙(shuang)豐鎮雙(shuang)蘭村(cun),生(sheng)態環(huan)境良好(hao)(hao),該地(di)(di)區(qu)土(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源豐富,以黑土(tu)為主;地(di)(di)力肥(fei)沃(wo),土(tu)壤pH值(zhi)5.5-7.0、有機質(zhi)4-6%、全(quan)氮0.2-0.3%、全(quan)磷0.044-0.065%。該地(di)(di)區(qu)土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃(wo),土(tu)質(zhi)疏松,耕性良好(hao)(hao),保水保肥(fei)力強(qiang),適合作物生(sheng)長(chang)。且屬(shu)廣闊的農(nong)田區(qu),環(huan)境容量大,區(qu)域環(huan)境質(zhi)量較好(hao)(hao)。
2.水(shui)(shui)文情況:該地區范圍內的(de)河流屬松花(hua)(hua)江水(shui)(shui)系,汛期(qi)往(wang)往(wang)受松花(hua)(hua)江水(shui)(shui)影響,水(shui)(shui)量(liang)集中。水(shui)(shui)源為地下水(shui)(shui),灌(guan)溉多井灌(guan),種(zhong)植業灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質符(fu)合無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食品相應標(biao)準的(de)要求,水(shui)(shui)質質量(liang)合格,適宜(yi)生產無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產品。
3.氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):該地(di)區地(di)處中(zhong)緯(wei)度歐亞大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)東側,太平(ping)洋西(xi)岸,屬于(yu)寒溫帶(dai)濕(shi)(shi)潤季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征明(ming)顯,冬季(ji)漫長、寒冷干(gan)燥,常受(shou)西(xi)伯(bo)利(li)亞、貝加(jia)爾湖和(he)(he)蒙古高(gao)原的寒流影響(xiang),夏(xia)季(ji)短促(cu)、溫熱(re)濕(shi)(shi)潤。受(shou)海洋暖濕(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流影響(xiang),春季(ji)多大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風而少(shao)雨(yu),秋夏(xia)多暴雨(yu),亦(yi)有(you)(you)陰雨(yu)連(lian)綿之時,春秋氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫變化(hua)劇烈,四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming)。 冬季(ji)在(zai)極地(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)團控(kong)制(zhi)下,盛(sheng)行西(xi)北風,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)嚴(yan)寒干(gan)燥。夏(xia)季(ji)受(shou)太平(ping)洋副熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)團影響(xiang),盛(sheng)行東南風,高(gao)溫多雨(yu)。具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征,屬半濕(shi)(shi)潤地(di)區。 該地(di)區年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫3.3℃。一月(yue)份平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-18.8℃,七月(yue)份平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫23℃,日平(ping)均溫度大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)10℃的活動積(ji)溫為(wei)2800℃。 該地(di)區年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降雨(yu)量(liang)542毫米(mi);無(wu)霜(shuang)期短,初霜(shuang)在(zai)9月(yue)25日,終霜(shuang)5月(yue)3日,約156天。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)總時數2700小時。 該地(di)區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)雖然(ran)適合于(yu)露地(di)蔬(shu)菜(cai)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二熟的作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,但(dan)經常發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)性天氣(qi)(qi)(qi),連(lian)續(xu)陰雨(yu),長期干(gan)旱、早霜(shuang)凍等常給作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長和(he)(he)人民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活帶(dai)來不同程度的危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)損(sun)失。自然(ran)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)主(zhu)要(yao)是旱、澇風、低溫、雹、霜(shuang)災害(hai)(hai)(hai)。 4.人文歷史(shi)情(qing)況(kuang):阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)較長,發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)較快(kuai),早在(zai)900年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前金(jin)代(dai)在(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建都始即開始種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1300畝,偽(wei)滿康(kang)德3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))為(wei)1410畝。新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建立后,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)實(shi)行家(jia)庭聯(lian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)承(cheng)包(bao)經濟(ji)體制(zhi)改革后,1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達(da)7800畝,比1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長7.5%;比民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)偽(wei)滿時期增(zeng)長4.7倍。為(wei)提高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)(he)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區政府不斷(duan)(duan)投入(ru)資金(jin)扶持阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區,幫助(zhu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)打機電井(jing)100余眼,1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又為(wei)白城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)安(an)裝了噴灌設備,使產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)區的耕地(di)100%變為(wei)水(shui)澆地(di),再加(jia)上農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)不斷(duan)(duan)增(zeng)施糞肥,改進栽培技(ji)術(shu),改原來的65厘米(mi)寬(kuan)的大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壟(long)為(wei)33厘米(mi)寬(kuan)的小壟(long),增(zeng)加(jia)了單位(wei)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的保苗數,加(jia)強(qiang)田間管理,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)(you)了顯著提高(gao),從(cong)而增(zeng)加(jia)了單位(wei)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出(chu),使大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),到2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)栽培面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1000公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔2250噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭7500噸。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan):阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)其獨特的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)贏(ying)得(de)了廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的喜愛,1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)心認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin),1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)命名為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)北方(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被(bei)(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)心認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)取得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)環保總局有(you)(you)機食(shi)品(pin)(pin)轉換認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)書,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),哈爾濱(bin)市阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區金(jin)源綠(lv)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)畜(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)協(xie)會按照(zhao)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)一體化(hua)申(shen)(shen)報要(yao)求,申(shen)(shen)請認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)1814公(gong)頃(qing),申(shen)(shen)請認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng),檢測完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)合格;阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求進行,在(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)什河白城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)建立了無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)范區和(he)(he)有(you)(you)機大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)范區;阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的聲譽(yu),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)其獨特的風味和(he)(he)極佳的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)享譽(yu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)學會命名為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)北方(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)當地(di)深受(shou)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的喜愛,現已遠銷到日本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)等地(di)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)城大蒜的地(di)理(li)標(biao)志保(bao)護(hu)的區(qu)域(yu)范圍為(wei)阿(a)城區(qu)的阿(a)什河街南城村(cun)、白城村(cun)、東(dong)環村(cun),雙豐鎮(zhen)雙蘭村(cun),地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)范圍面積為(wei)10607公頃(qing),生產面積為(wei)1000公頃(qing),年總產量7250噸。黑龍江省哈爾濱市阿(a)城區(qu)地(di)處東(dong)經(jing)126°40′-127°40′,北(bei)(bei)緯45°10′-46°之間(jian),東(dong)部(bu)、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與尚志縣(xian)、賓縣(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)與呼蘭縣(xian)為(wei)鄰,南部(bu)五常(chang)市相望。阿(a)什街和雙豐鎮(zhen)位于阿(a)城區(qu)政府(fu)所在地(di)南部(bu)。海(hai)拔高度400米。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1.外在感官特征:阿城大蒜(suan)為紫(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)和白(bai)皮(pi)蒜(suan)兩種(zhong)。紫(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)鱗(lin)莖外皮(pi)紫(zi)色,大瓣種(zhong),瓣少而個(ge)體肥(fei)大,蒜(suan)頭有5-7個(ge)蒜(suan)瓣,單頭重25克(ke)左右。蒜(suan)瓣圍(wei)繞(rao)蒜(suan)苔座生在莖盤(pan)上,外包3-4 層蒜(suan)皮(pi),莖盤(pan)下面連帶干枯(ku)須根(gen),包裹整個(ge)蒜(suan)頭的(de)蒜(suan)皮(pi)為紫(zi)色,是由葉鞘(qiao)基(ji)部膨(peng)大形成的(de);白(bai)皮(pi)蒜(suan)鱗(lin)莖外皮(pi)白(bai)色,小瓣種(zhong),蒜(suan)瓣2-7室,每頭6-22瓣。
2.內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標:阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜有紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)和(he)白皮(pi)兩種,以紫(zi)(zi)蒜著稱。紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜蒜汁稠粘(zhan),蒜味(wei)辛辣,品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,宜(yi)久存。紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜所產蒜苔也是蔬菜中的佳品。阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜富含(han)(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)碳(tan)水化合物,產生的熱量(liang)很高。大(da)(da)蒜中含(han)(han)有抗(kang)壞血(xue)酸(suan)、尼克酸(suan)、硫胺素等(deng)營養物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及人體所需(xu)要的鈉、磷、鈣、鐵等(deng)礦質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元素,阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜含(han)(han)的大(da)(da)蒜素具有抗(kang)癌、抗(kang)菌(jun)和(he)解毒殺菌(jun)、健脾開(kai)胃(wei)、消食去(qu)積和(he)預防疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)的作用。阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜對預防心臟病(bing)(bing)及血(xue)液循環系統(tong)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)亦(yi)有良好效(xiao)果(guo)。
3.安全(quan)要求:阿城(cheng)大蒜(suan)(suan)在(zai)生產過(guo)程中(zhong)嚴格執(zhi)行NY 5001-2007 無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品 蔥蒜(suan)(suan)類蔬(shu)菜(cai),GB 4285 農藥安全(quan)使用標(biao)準(zhun),GB/T 8321 農藥合(he)理使用標(biao)準(zhun),NY 5010-2001 無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品 蔬(shu)菜(cai)產地環(huan)境條件等國家強(qiang)制性技術規范。
五.特定生產方(fang)式(shi)
本部分(fen)內容主要表述(shu)影響阿(a)城大蒜(suan)品質、特(te)色(se)形成和(he)保持(chi)的(de)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi): 1.產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特(te)殊內容規定(ding)(ding)(ding):阿(a)城大蒜(suan)產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇在阿(a)什河街南城村、白城村、東(dong)環村,雙豐鎮雙蘭村,該地(di)(di)域遠離區(qu)中(zhong)心,不(bu)受(shou)城區(qu)各種(zhong)污染(ran)源的(de)污染(ran),且生(sheng)態環境良好,空氣(qi)清晰(xi),土質肥(fei)沃,降水(shui)均勻,年降水(shui)量在600mm左(zuo)右。無(wu)霜期135天左(zuo)右,年有(you)效積(ji)溫(wen)3000度左(zuo)右,日照充足,阿(a)什河水(shui)川流而過(guo),是個天造地(di)(di)設的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)大蒜(suan)的(de)好地(di)(di)方。經(jing)過(guo)幾年來區(qu)、街兩級科技、資金的(de)投(tou)入,擁(yong)有(you)一流噴灌設備和(he)優良品種(zhong),我區(qu)阿(a)什河人民一定(ding)(ding)(ding)能(neng)按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品操作規程(cheng)來組織生(sheng)產(chan)出合格的(de)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)大蒜(suan)。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要求(qiu):阿城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)品種(zhong)(zhong)以阿城紫(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)為(wei)主(zhu),因為(wei)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)在生產(chan)中退化嚴重,所以,每年都到(dao)高(gao)我省高(gao)緯度地區進行串換種(zhong)(zhong)子。
3.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li):阿城大蒜在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格執(zhi)(zhi)行阿城區無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)六項管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du),即:無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量追溯(su)制(zhi)度(du),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技術服務體系管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)培(pei)訓制(zhi)度(du),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檔(dang)案管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du),無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)“十(shi)戶聯(lian)保”制(zhi)度(du)。在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)業(ye)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)方面采取了(le)四(si)監管(guan)(guan):一是(shi)市(shi)場(chang)監管(guan)(guan)。進一步加大對(dui)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)監管(guan)(guan)力度(du) 搞(gao)好源頭(tou)控制(zhi),在投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)上,堅持(chi)經(jing)營許可證制(zhi)度(du),禁(jin)限用(yong)(yong)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)定期公(gong)開制(zhi)度(du)(電視(shi)公(gong)告、信(xin)息發布投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)禁(jin)限用(yong)(yong)清(qing)單(dan)),綠辦與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)大隊配合給(gei)經(jing)營生(sheng)資(zi)業(ye)戶把禁(jin)限用(yong)(yong)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)清(qing)單(dan)張貼(tie)上墻,讓生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者明明白(bai)白(bai)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)。二是(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)監管(guan)(guan)。由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)大隊對(dui)生(sheng)資(zi)市(shi)場(chang)、龍頭(tou)企業(ye)、基地農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶進行全(quan)面檢(jian)查(cha)監管(guan)(guan)。三是(shi)技術監管(guan)(guan)。由(you)技術部門對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者進行培(pei)訓,對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)進行具體指導和服務。四(si)是(shi)網(wang)絡(luo)監管(guan)(guan)。由(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)辦公(gong)室對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)、基地、企業(ye)、生(sheng)資(zi)業(ye)戶、投(tou)(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)清(qing)單(dan)等建立電子檔(dang)案,實行數字(zi)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。
4.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要(yao)求:阿(a)城大蒜(suan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)要(yao)求農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)建(jian)立嚴格(ge)的農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔(dang)案,按農時(shi)(shi)操作(zuo)填寫由阿(a)城區(qu)綠(lv)色食(shi)品辦(ban)公室統(tong)一(yi)制作(zuo)的農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu),鄉(xiang)鎮農產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量安全管理員(yuan)及區(qu)綠(lv)辦(ban)工作(zuo)人員(yuan)定期對農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)進行檢查和指導,發現填寫不(bu)合格(ge)的及時(shi)(shi)糾正(zheng)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
阿城大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(紫皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))生育期90-93天(tian),一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)七月(yue)(yue)上中旬(xun)成(cheng)熟。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)收獲(huo)應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)。按蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)大(da)小(xiao)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)級,然后(hou)編(bian)辮(bian)。大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)收獲(huo)晾干前,營養物質仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)繼續運(yun)轉(zhuan),外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮和(he)(he)內(nei)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮繼續變(bian)薄,呈(cheng)現過(guo)熟現象。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮太薄易(yi)破,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)保護蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)易(yi)受(shou)機械創傷,感染(ran)霉菌腐爛。因此(ci),收獲(huo)后(hou)立即晾曬(shai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou),使(shi)須根(gen)和(he)(he)內(nei)外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮失水(shui)干縮,終斷營養物質的(de)運(yun)轉(zhuan)。起(qi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時(shi)上午起(qi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)攤(tan)曬(shai),下(xia)(xia)午綁(bang)扎成(cheng)捆。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晾曬(shai)過(guo)程中要避(bi)免(mian)遭受(shou)雨淋(lin),堆(dui)集時(shi)要避(bi)免(mian)捂垛,假莖干透(tou)后(hou)即可(ke)(ke)編(bian)成(cheng)辮(bian)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)成(cheng)辮(bian)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)要碼(ma)堆(dui)或(huo)碼(ma)垛,要進(jin)行(xing)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),防止蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)擠壓受(shou)傷。商品蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)自七月(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)收獲(huo)到十月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)搭在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高爽(shuang)不(bu)(bu)存水(shui)的(de)地(di)方,棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)搭圓木架(jia)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)碼(ma)堆(dui)存放,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30厘(li)米(mi)高墊木上擺蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),每層(ceng)(ceng)5-6辮(bian),第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)辮(bian)頭(tou)(tou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)東,第(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)南(nan),第(di)(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)西(xi),第(di)(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)北;第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)南(nan)或(huo)其(qi)它方向,第(di)(di)2-4層(ceng)(ceng)依次(ci)(ci)變(bian)更(geng)方向。辮(bian)與辮(bian)之(zhi)間(jian)留3厘(li)米(mi)距(ju)離,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)下(xia)(xia);垛高20-25層(ceng)(ceng),垛與垛之(zhi)間(jian)留30厘(li)米(mi)距(ju)離,以(yi)利通(tong)風。于(yu)10月(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)入(ru)窖或(huo)庫貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏,掛(gua)(gua)(gua)架(jia)碼(ma)堆(dui)均可(ke)(ke)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)庫應(ying)(ying)為半地(di)下(xia)(xia)式,庫內(nei)搭圓木架(jia)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并(bing)設(she)火(huo)炕保持一(yi)定溫度(du)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入(ru)庫前要清(qing)掃庫,用硫磺熏蒸,殺蟲滅菌。地(di)面(mian)撒(sa)生石灰吸潮,同時(shi)燒(shao)炕2-3天(tian),排(pai)除潮氣。大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入(ru)庫掛(gua)(gua)(gua)架(jia),應(ying)(ying)先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)上層(ceng)(ceng),后(hou)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)中、下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng);先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)遠處(chu),后(hou)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)近處(chu)。四壁靠(kao)墻不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并(bing)且(qie)庫中應(ying)(ying)留通(tong)道,供(gong)通(tong)風和(he)(he)檢查溫度(du)用。庫中心及四角(jiao)、上下(xia)(xia)都應(ying)(ying)設(she)溫度(du)表,干濕球溫度(du)表設(she)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中央,冬(dong)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)溫度(du)保持在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)零(ling)下(xia)(xia)5-7度(du),3-5天(tian)檢查一(yi)次(ci)(ci)溫度(du)變(bian)化,防止傷熱或(huo)受(shou)凍(dong)。碼(ma)堆(dui)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏與室(shi)外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相同。銷售時(shi)裝箱,粘貼無(wu)公害(hai)農產(chan)品標志。包裝箱為紙(zhi)箱,每箱2kg。