一.產品介紹
在黑龍江民間(jian)有句話流(liu)傳:“呼蘭的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)蔥(cong)、阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)蒜(suan)、雙城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)“菇娘”不用看(kan)!”阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)區大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)生產(chan)早在1115年(nian)(nian),女真族首領完顏(yan)阿(a)(a)骨打建立(li)大(da)(da)(da)金(jin)帝國,定都今阿(a)(a)什河(he)畔白城(cheng)(cheng)村,史稱“金(jin)上(shang)京會寧府”,歷(li)(li)經 4 帝 38 年(nian)(nian),種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)作物品種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)就以大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)為(wei)(wei)主,至今有900年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史。民國3年(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)),阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)就達1300畝(mu)。 阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),浸(jin)滿了厚重(zhong)的(de)(de)金(jin)代(dai)文(wen)化。尤(you)其(qi)是金(jin)上(shang)京遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),更(geng)是充滿了歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)傳奇(qi)。且不說人們流(liu)傳的(de)(de)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)可以當殺菌(jun)藥用,也(ye)不說當年(nian)(nian)金(jin)太(tai)祖每天都要(yao)吃(chi)幾頭紫皮(pi)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),更(geng)不說當年(nian)(nian)一百姓進貢一麻袋(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)換回來一麻袋(dai)(dai)金(jin)子(zi)。只是在皇城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)里邊種(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan),就足以加(jia)重(zhong)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)蒜(suan)的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史文(wen)化氛圍。1996年(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)被中(zhong)國特產(chan)協會命名為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國北(bei)方大(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)之鄉”
二(er).自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)
1.土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大蒜(suan)生產地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)阿(a)什河街南城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)、白城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)、東(dong)環(huan)村(cun),雙豐鎮雙蘭(lan)村(cun),生態(tai)環(huan)境良(liang)好(hao),該地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐富,以黑土(tu)為主(zhu);地(di)(di)(di)力(li)肥(fei)沃,土(tu)壤pH值5.5-7.0、有機質(zhi)4-6%、全(quan)氮0.2-0.3%、全(quan)磷0.044-0.065%。該地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃,土(tu)質(zhi)疏松,耕性良(liang)好(hao),保水(shui)保肥(fei)力(li)強,適合作物生長。且屬廣闊(kuo)的農田區(qu),環(huan)境容量大,區(qu)域(yu)環(huan)境質(zhi)量較好(hao)。
2.水(shui)文情(qing)況:該(gai)地區(qu)范圍內(nei)的河流屬松(song)花江(jiang)水(shui)系,汛期往往受松(song)花江(jiang)水(shui)影響,水(shui)量集中(zhong)。水(shui)源為地下水(shui),灌溉(gai)多井灌,種(zhong)植業灌溉(gai)水(shui)水(shui)質符(fu)合無公害食品相應(ying)標準的要求,水(shui)質質量合格,適宜生產無公害農產品。
3.氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)處(chu)中(zhong)緯度歐亞大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸東側,太平(ping)洋西(xi)岸(an),屬(shu)于(yu)寒(han)(han)溫(wen)帶濕潤(run)(run)季風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)明(ming)顯,冬季漫長(chang)(chang)、寒(han)(han)冷干燥,常(chang)受西(xi)伯(bo)利亞、貝加爾湖和(he)蒙古高(gao)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)寒(han)(han)流影(ying)(ying)響,夏季短促、溫(wen)熱(re)濕潤(run)(run)。受海洋暖濕氣(qi)(qi)流影(ying)(ying)響,春季多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)而少雨,秋(qiu)夏多(duo)暴雨,亦有(you)陰雨連(lian)綿之時,春秋(qiu)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)劇烈,四季分明(ming)。 冬季在(zai)極地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸氣(qi)(qi)團控(kong)制下,盛(sheng)行(xing)西(xi)北風(feng)(feng)(feng),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)嚴寒(han)(han)干燥。夏季受太平(ping)洋副熱(re)帶氣(qi)(qi)團影(ying)(ying)響,盛(sheng)行(xing)東南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng),高(gao)溫(wen)多(duo)雨。具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸性季風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng),屬(shu)半(ban)濕潤(run)(run)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)3.3℃。一(yi)月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-18.8℃,七(qi)月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)23℃,日(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)(de)(de)活動積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2800℃。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)542毫米(mi);無霜(shuang)(shuang)期短,初霜(shuang)(shuang)在(zai)9月(yue)25日(ri)(ri),終霜(shuang)(shuang)5月(yue)3日(ri)(ri),約(yue)156天。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)總(zong)時數(shu)2700小(xiao)時。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)雖然適合(he)(he)于(yu)露地(di)(di)蔬菜(cai)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)二熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),但經常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)性天氣(qi)(qi),連(lian)續陰雨,長(chang)(chang)期干旱、早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍等常(chang)給作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和(he)人民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活帶來不同(tong)程度的(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)(hai)和(he)損失(shi)。自然災(zai)害(hai)(hai)主要(yao)是(shi)旱、澇風(feng)(feng)(feng)、低溫(wen)、雹、霜(shuang)(shuang)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)。 4.人文歷史(shi)情況:阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)較長(chang)(chang),發(fa)展(zhan)也較快,早在(zai)900年(nian)(nian)前(qian)金(jin)代在(zai)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建都始即開(kai)始種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3年(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian))阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1300畝(mu),偽滿(man)康德(de)3年(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1410畝(mu)。新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立(li)后,農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)實行(xing)家(jia)庭聯產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)承包經濟體制改革后,1985年(nian)(nian),種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達7800畝(mu),比1983年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.5%;比民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)偽滿(man)時期增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.7倍。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府不斷投(tou)入資(zi)金(jin)扶持阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),幫助農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)打(da)機電井(jing)100余眼(yan),1998年(nian)(nian)又(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)安裝了(le)(le)噴灌設備,使(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)耕地(di)(di)100%變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水澆地(di)(di),再加上農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)不斷增(zeng)(zeng)施糞(fen)肥(fei),改進(jin)栽培技術(shu)(shu),改原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)65厘米(mi)寬的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壟為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)33厘米(mi)寬的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)壟,增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)單位面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)保苗數(shu),加強田間管理,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)了(le)(le)顯著提高(gao),從而增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)單位面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出,使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)不斷擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),到2006年(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)栽培面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1000公頃,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔2250噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭7500噸。阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)證(zheng)發(fa)展(zhan):阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以其獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)贏得(de)了(le)(le)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛(ai),1995年(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)心認(ren)證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),1998年(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北方(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”,2003年(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)中(zhong)心認(ren)證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),2005年(nian)(nian)取得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)環保總(zong)局有(you)機食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)轉換認(ren)證(zheng)證(zheng)書,2007年(nian)(nian),哈爾濱(bin)市阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)金(jin)源綠色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)協會按照(zhao)無公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)一(yi)體化(hua)申(shen)報要(yao)求(qiu),申(shen)請(qing)認(ren)證(zheng)無公害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)1814公頃,申(shen)請(qing)認(ren)證(zheng)無公害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng),檢測完全(quan)合(he)(he)格(ge);阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing),在(zai)阿(a)(a)什河白城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)建立(li)了(le)(le)無公害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)有(you)機大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu);阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)聲譽,阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以其獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)味和(he)極佳的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)享譽全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)學(xue)會命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北方(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”。阿(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)當地(di)(di)深受廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消費者的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛(ai),現已(yi)遠銷到日(ri)(ri)本、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等地(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)(a)城(cheng)大蒜的地(di)理標(biao)志保護的區(qu)域范圍(wei)為阿(a)(a)城(cheng)區(qu)的阿(a)(a)什(shen)(shen)河(he)街南城(cheng)村、白城(cheng)村、東環村,雙(shuang)豐(feng)(feng)鎮雙(shuang)蘭村,地(di)域保護范圍(wei)面積為10607公(gong)頃,生(sheng)產(chan)面積為1000公(gong)頃,年總產(chan)量7250噸。黑龍江省哈爾濱市(shi)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)區(qu)地(di)處東經126°40′-127°40′,北緯45°10′-46°之間,東部、東北部與尚志縣、賓(bin)縣接壤,北與呼(hu)蘭縣為鄰,南部五常市(shi)相(xiang)望。阿(a)(a)什(shen)(shen)街和(he)雙(shuang)豐(feng)(feng)鎮位于(yu)阿(a)(a)城(cheng)區(qu)政府所在地(di)南部。海拔高度400米。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1.外在感官(guan)特(te)征(zheng):阿城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)為紫皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和白(bai)皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)兩種(zhong)。紫皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖(jing)外皮紫色,大(da)(da)瓣(ban)種(zhong),瓣(ban)少而個(ge)體肥大(da)(da),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)有5-7個(ge)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban),單頭(tou)(tou)重25克左(zuo)右。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)圍繞蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔(tai)座(zuo)生(sheng)在莖(jing)盤上,外包(bao)3-4 層蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮,莖(jing)盤下面連(lian)帶(dai)干枯(ku)須根,包(bao)裹(guo)整個(ge)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)(tou)的蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮為紫色,是由葉鞘基部膨大(da)(da)形成的;白(bai)皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖(jing)外皮白(bai)色,小瓣(ban)種(zhong),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)2-7室,每頭(tou)(tou)6-22瓣(ban)。
2.內在品質指標:阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)有(you)(you)紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)和(he)白皮(pi)兩種(zhong),以紫(zi)(zi)蒜(suan)(suan)著稱。紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)蒜(suan)(suan)汁(zhi)稠粘(zhan),蒜(suan)(suan)味辛辣,品質好,宜久(jiu)存(cun)。紫(zi)(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)所產蒜(suan)(suan)苔也是蔬菜中的(de)(de)佳品。阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)富含蛋白質和(he)碳水化(hua)合物,產生的(de)(de)熱量很高。大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)中含有(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)壞血酸(suan)、尼克酸(suan)、硫胺素等營(ying)養物質及(ji)人體所需要(yao)的(de)(de)鈉(na)、磷、鈣、鐵等礦(kuang)質元素,阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)含的(de)(de)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)素具有(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)癌、抗(kang)(kang)菌(jun)和(he)解毒殺菌(jun)、健脾開(kai)胃、消食去積和(he)預防疾病(bing)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)對(dui)預防心臟病(bing)及(ji)血液循環系統疾病(bing)亦(yi)有(you)(you)良好效果。
3.安(an)全要(yao)求:阿城大蒜在生產過程中嚴格執行(xing)NY 5001-2007 無公害食品(pin) 蔥蒜類蔬菜(cai),GB 4285 農藥安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun),GB/T 8321 農藥合理使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun),NY 5010-2001 無公害食品(pin) 蔬菜(cai)產地環境條件等國家強(qiang)制性技術(shu)規范。
五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式
本(ben)部分內容主要(yao)表述影響阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)蒜品質(zhi)、特(te)色形成和保持的(de)(de)特(te)定生產方式(shi): 1.產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特(te)殊內容規定:阿城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)蒜產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇在阿什河街南城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、白城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)環(huan)村(cun)(cun)(cun),雙豐鎮雙蘭村(cun)(cun)(cun),該地(di)(di)域(yu)遠(yuan)離區(qu)中(zhong)心,不受城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)各種污染源的(de)(de)污染,且生態環(huan)境良好,空氣清晰,土質(zhi)肥沃,降水(shui)均勻,年(nian)降水(shui)量在600mm左右。無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)135天左右,年(nian)有效積溫3000度左右,日(ri)照充足,阿什河水(shui)川流而過,是個(ge)天造(zao)地(di)(di)設(she)的(de)(de)生產大(da)(da)蒜的(de)(de)好地(di)(di)方。經過幾(ji)年(nian)來區(qu)、街兩(liang)級科技、資金的(de)(de)投入,擁有一流噴(pen)灌(guan)設(she)備和優(you)良品種,我區(qu)阿什河人民(min)一定能按照無(wu)(wu)公害食品操作(zuo)規程來組織生產出合(he)格的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)公害大(da)(da)蒜。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與特定要求:阿(a)城(cheng)大(da)蒜(suan)品種(zhong)以阿(a)城(cheng)紫皮蒜(suan)為主(zhu),因為大(da)蒜(suan)在生產中退(tui)化嚴(yan)重,所以,每年都到高我(wo)省高緯度地區進行串換(huan)種(zhong)子。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理:阿城(cheng)大蒜在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)阿城(cheng)區無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)六項管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),即:無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)追溯(su)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技術服(fu)務體系管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)培訓制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檔案管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)“十戶(hu)聯(lian)保”制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)方面(mian)采取(qu)了四監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan):一是(shi)市(shi)場(chang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。進一步加大對(dui)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力度(du)(du)(du)(du) 搞好源頭控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理上(shang),堅(jian)持經(jing)營許可(ke)證制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),禁限用(yong)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)定期公(gong)(gong)開制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(電視公(gong)(gong)告(gao)、信(xin)息發布投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)禁限用(yong)清單),綠辦(ban)與農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)執(zhi)法(fa)大隊(dui)配合給經(jing)營生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)(zi)業(ye)(ye)戶(hu)把禁限用(yong)投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)清單張(zhang)貼上(shang)墻(qiang),讓生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者明明白(bai)白(bai)的(de)使用(yong)。二是(shi)執(zhi)法(fa)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)執(zhi)法(fa)大隊(dui)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)(zi)市(shi)場(chang)、龍頭企業(ye)(ye)、基地(di)農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)進行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)檢查監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是(shi)技術監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由(you)(you)技術部門對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者進行(xing)培訓,對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)投(tou)入進行(xing)具(ju)體指導和(he)服(fu)務。四是(shi)網絡監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)、基地(di)、企業(ye)(ye)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資(zi)(zi)業(ye)(ye)戶(hu)、投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)清單等建(jian)立電子檔案,實行(xing)數字(zi)化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理。
4.生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求:阿城大蒜生產(chan)(chan)要求農(nong)(nong)戶建立嚴格的(de)農(nong)(nong)戶生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案,按農(nong)(nong)時操(cao)作填寫由阿城區綠(lv)色(se)食品辦公(gong)室統一(yi)制作的(de)農(nong)(nong)戶生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu),鄉鎮(zhen)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量安全管理員及(ji)區綠(lv)辦工(gong)作人員定期對農(nong)(nong)戶生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)進行檢查(cha)和指(zhi)導(dao),發現(xian)填寫不合格的(de)及(ji)時糾正。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規(gui)定
阿城大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(紫皮(pi)(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))生育期(qi)90-93天,一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)七(qi)月上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)成(cheng)熟。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)。按蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)大小(xiao)進(jin)行分級,然后(hou)(hou)編辮(bian)(bian)。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)晾干(gan)前,營養物(wu)質仍(reng)在(zai)(zai)繼續(xu)運轉,外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)(pi)和(he)(he)內蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)(pi)繼續(xu)變薄,呈現過熟現象。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)(pi)太薄易(yi)破(po),不能保(bao)護蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣易(yi)受機械創傷,感染霉菌腐爛。因(yin)此,收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)立即晾曬(shai)(shai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou),使須根和(he)(he)內外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)(pi)失水(shui)干(gan)縮,終斷營養物(wu)質的(de)運轉。起蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時(shi)(shi)上(shang)午(wu)(wu)起蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)攤曬(shai)(shai),下(xia)(xia)(xia)午(wu)(wu)綁扎成(cheng)捆。在(zai)(zai)晾曬(shai)(shai)過程中(zhong)要(yao)避免(mian)遭(zao)受雨淋,堆集時(shi)(shi)要(yao)避免(mian)捂垛(duo),假莖干(gan)透(tou)后(hou)(hou)即可編成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)后(hou)(hou)不要(yao)碼(ma)堆或碼(ma)垛(duo),要(yao)進(jin)行掛(gua)(gua)(gua)貯,防止蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)擠壓受傷。商品蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)自七(qi)月中(zhong)旬(xun)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)到十月上(shang)旬(xun)在(zai)(zai)室外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)暫貯。涼(liang)棚(peng)搭(da)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)爽不存水(shui)的(de)地(di)方,棚(peng)內搭(da)圓(yuan)木架(jia)(jia)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。也(ye)可以(yi)碼(ma)堆存放(fang),在(zai)(zai)30厘(li)(li)米高(gao)墊木上(shang)擺蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)5-6辮(bian)(bian),第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)辮(bian)(bian)頭(tou)朝(chao)東,第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)南,第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)西,第(di)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)北;第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)也(ye)可以(yi)朝(chao)南或其(qi)它方向(xiang),第(di)2-4層(ceng)(ceng)依次變更方向(xiang)。辮(bian)(bian)與辮(bian)(bian)之間(jian)留(liu)3厘(li)(li)米距(ju)離,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)朝(chao)下(xia)(xia)(xia);垛(duo)高(gao)20-25層(ceng)(ceng),垛(duo)與垛(duo)之間(jian)留(liu)30厘(li)(li)米距(ju)離,以(yi)利通(tong)風。于10月上(shang)旬(xun)入窖或庫(ku)(ku)(ku)貯藏,掛(gua)(gua)(gua)架(jia)(jia)碼(ma)堆均可。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)應(ying)為半地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)式,庫(ku)(ku)(ku)內搭(da)圓(yuan)木架(jia)(jia)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并(bing)設火炕(kang)保(bao)持一(yi)定溫(wen)度(du)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入庫(ku)(ku)(ku)前要(yao)清(qing)掃庫(ku)(ku)(ku),用硫磺熏(xun)蒸,殺蟲滅(mie)菌。地(di)面撒生石灰吸潮,同時(shi)(shi)燒炕(kang)2-3天,排除潮氣。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入庫(ku)(ku)(ku)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)架(jia)(jia),應(ying)先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng),后(hou)(hou)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)中(zhong)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng);先(xian)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)遠(yuan)處,后(hou)(hou)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)近處。四(si)(si)壁靠墻不應(ying)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并(bing)且庫(ku)(ku)(ku)中(zhong)應(ying)留(liu)通(tong)道,供通(tong)風和(he)(he)檢(jian)查溫(wen)度(du)用。庫(ku)(ku)(ku)中(zhong)心及四(si)(si)角、上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)都(dou)應(ying)設溫(wen)度(du)表,干(gan)濕球(qiu)溫(wen)度(du)表設在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央(yang),冬貯溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)零下(xia)(xia)(xia)5-7度(du),3-5天檢(jian)查一(yi)次溫(wen)度(du)變化,防止傷熱(re)或受凍。碼(ma)堆貯藏與室外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)暫貯相同。銷售時(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang),粘貼無公害(hai)農產(chan)品標志。包裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)為紙箱(xiang),每(mei)箱(xiang)2kg。