一.產品介紹
在(zai)黑(hei)龍江民間有句話流傳(chuan):“呼蘭的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)、阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、雙(shuang)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)“菇娘”不(bu)用看!”阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)區大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生產(chan)早在(zai)1115年(nian)(nian),女真(zhen)族首領完顏(yan)阿(a)骨打建立大(da)(da)金帝(di)國,定都(dou)今阿(a)什河(he)畔(pan)白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)村,史(shi)稱“金上(shang)京(jing)會寧府”,歷(li)經(jing) 4 帝(di) 38 年(nian)(nian),種植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作物品(pin)種中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)以(yi)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)為(wei)主,至今有900年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。民國3年(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)),阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積就(jiu)(jiu)達1300畝。 阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),浸(jin)滿(man)了(le)厚重的(de)(de)(de)金代文化。尤(you)其是(shi)金上(shang)京(jing)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)種植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),更是(shi)充滿(man)了(le)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)奇(qi)。且(qie)不(bu)說人們流傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)可以(yi)當(dang)殺菌(jun)藥用,也(ye)不(bu)說當(dang)年(nian)(nian)金太祖每天都(dou)要吃幾頭紫(zi)皮(pi)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),更不(bu)說當(dang)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)百姓進貢一(yi)麻袋大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)換回來一(yi)麻袋金子。只是(shi)在(zai)皇城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)里邊種植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),就(jiu)(jiu)足以(yi)加(jia)重阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文化氛圍。1996年(nian)(nian)阿(a)城(cheng)(cheng)被中(zhong)(zhong)國特產(chan)協會命(ming)名為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國北方(fang)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之鄉”
二.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
1.土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:阿城(cheng)(cheng)大蒜生(sheng)產(chan)地域阿什河街南城(cheng)(cheng)村、白城(cheng)(cheng)村、東環村,雙豐(feng)鎮雙蘭村,生(sheng)態環境良好,該(gai)地區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地資源豐(feng)富,以黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主;地力(li)肥(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值(zhi)5.5-7.0、有(you)機質(zhi)4-6%、全氮0.2-0.3%、全磷(lin)0.044-0.065%。該(gai)地區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松,耕性良好,保水保肥(fei)力(li)強,適合作物生(sheng)長(chang)。且屬廣闊(kuo)的農田(tian)區(qu),環境容量大,區(qu)域環境質(zhi)量較好。
2.水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:該地區范圍內的河流(liu)屬松花江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,汛期往往受松花江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)影響(xiang),水(shui)(shui)量(liang)集中。水(shui)(shui)源為(wei)地下水(shui)(shui),灌溉多井灌,種(zhong)植(zhi)業灌溉水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質符合無(wu)公害食品相應(ying)標準的要求,水(shui)(shui)質質量(liang)合格,適宜生產(chan)無(wu)公害農產(chan)品。
3.氣(qi)(qi)候情況:該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)處中(zhong)(zhong)緯度歐亞大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)東側(ce),太平(ping)洋西(xi)岸(an),屬于寒(han)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)征明顯(xian),冬季(ji)(ji)漫長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、寒(han)冷干(gan)(gan)燥,常受(shou)西(xi)伯利亞、貝加(jia)爾(er)湖和(he)(he)蒙古高(gao)原的(de)寒(han)流影響(xiang),夏季(ji)(ji)短(duan)促、溫(wen)(wen)熱(re)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)。受(shou)海洋暖(nuan)濕(shi)氣(qi)(qi)流影響(xiang),春(chun)季(ji)(ji)多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)少雨(yu),秋(qiu)夏多(duo)暴雨(yu),亦有(you)陰雨(yu)連綿之(zhi)時(shi),春(chun)秋(qiu)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)劇烈,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明。 冬季(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)極(ji)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)氣(qi)(qi)團控(kong)制(zhi)下,盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)西(xi)北風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),氣(qi)(qi)候嚴寒(han)干(gan)(gan)燥。夏季(ji)(ji)受(shou)太平(ping)洋副熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)團影響(xiang),盛(sheng)行(xing)(xing)東南風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)雨(yu)。具有(you)明顯(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)征,屬半濕(shi)潤(run)(run)地(di)(di)區(qu)。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3.3℃。一月(yue)(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-18.8℃,七(qi)月(yue)(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃,日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于10℃的(de)活(huo)動(dong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2800℃。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量542毫米;無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)(qi)短(duan),初(chu)霜(shuang)(shuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)(yue)25日(ri),終霜(shuang)(shuang)5月(yue)(yue)3日(ri),約(yue)156天(tian)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)數(shu)2700小時(shi)。 該(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候雖然適合于露(lu)地(di)(di)蔬(shu)菜一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二熟的(de)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),但經(jing)常發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)災(zai)害性天(tian)氣(qi)(qi),連續陰雨(yu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)干(gan)(gan)旱(han)、早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍等常給(gei)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)人民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)帶(dai)來不同程度的(de)危(wei)害和(he)(he)損(sun)失。自(zi)然災(zai)害主要(yao)是旱(han)、澇風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、低溫(wen)(wen)、雹、霜(shuang)(shuang)災(zai)害。 4.人文歷(li)史情況:阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷(li)史較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),發(fa)展(zhan)也較(jiao)快,早在(zai)(zai)(zai)900年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前金代在(zai)(zai)(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)建都始即開始種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1300畝,偽(wei)滿康(kang)德3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)1410畝。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立(li)后,農(nong)(nong)村(cun)實行(xing)(xing)家(jia)(jia)庭聯(lian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)承包經(jing)濟體制(zhi)改革后,1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達7800畝,比(bi)1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7.5%;比(bi)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)偽(wei)滿時(shi)期(qi)(qi)增長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.7倍。為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)質量,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)政府(fu)不斷(duan)(duan)投(tou)入資金扶(fu)持阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu),幫助農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)打(da)機(ji)電井100余眼(yan),1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)安(an)裝(zhuang)了(le)(le)噴灌設備,使產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)區(qu)的(de)耕地(di)(di)100%變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)水澆地(di)(di),再加(jia)上(shang)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)不斷(duan)(duan)增施糞肥,改進栽培技(ji)術,改原來的(de)65厘米寬的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)壟為(wei)(wei)(wei)33厘米寬的(de)小壟,增加(jia)了(le)(le)單(dan)位(wei)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)保苗數(shu),加(jia)強(qiang)田(tian)間(jian)管理,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)質量有(you)了(le)(le)顯(xian)著提高(gao),從而(er)增加(jia)了(le)(le)單(dan)位(wei)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出,使大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)不斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),到2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)栽培面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔(tai)2250噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭7500噸。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)認(ren)(ren)證發(fa)展(zhan):阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以其獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)品質贏得了(le)(le)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)喜愛(ai)(ai),1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)認(ren)(ren)證為(wei)(wei)(wei)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品,1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北方大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之(zhi)鄉”,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)被(bei)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)認(ren)(ren)證為(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)取得國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)環保總局有(you)機(ji)食(shi)品轉(zhuan)換認(ren)(ren)證證書,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),哈爾(er)濱(bin)市(shi)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)金源(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)畜(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品協(xie)會按照(zhao)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品一體化(hua)申報要(yao)求,申請認(ren)(ren)證無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)1814公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,申請認(ren)(ren)證無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)系(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品認(ren)(ren)證,檢測完全(quan)(quan)(quan)合格;阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),嚴格按照(zhao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術要(yao)求進行(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)什河白(bai)城(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)建立(li)了(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示范區(qu)和(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)示范區(qu);阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)聲譽,阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)以其獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)味和(he)(he)極(ji)佳的(de)品質享譽全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)學會命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北方大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)之(zhi)鄉”。阿(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)深受(shou)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者的(de)喜愛(ai)(ai),現已遠(yuan)銷(xiao)到日(ri)本、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等地(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)(a)(a)城大蒜的地理標志保(bao)護的區(qu)域范(fan)圍為阿(a)(a)(a)城區(qu)的阿(a)(a)(a)什(shen)(shen)河街(jie)南城村(cun)、白(bai)城村(cun)、東環村(cun),雙豐(feng)鎮雙蘭村(cun),地域保(bao)護范(fan)圍面(mian)積為10607公(gong)頃,生產面(mian)積為1000公(gong)頃,年(nian)總產量7250噸(dun)。黑龍江省哈爾濱市阿(a)(a)(a)城區(qu)地處東經(jing)126°40′-127°40′,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)45°10′-46°之間,東部(bu)、東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與尚志縣、賓縣接壤(rang),北(bei)(bei)與呼蘭縣為鄰,南部(bu)五常市相望。阿(a)(a)(a)什(shen)(shen)街(jie)和雙豐(feng)鎮位(wei)于阿(a)(a)(a)城區(qu)政府所在地南部(bu)。海拔高(gao)度400米。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1.外(wai)在感官特征:阿城大(da)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)為紫皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和白皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)兩種(zhong)。紫皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖(jing)外(wai)皮紫色(se),大(da)瓣(ban)(ban)種(zhong),瓣(ban)(ban)少而個體(ti)肥大(da),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭有5-7個蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban),單(dan)頭重(zhong)25克左右。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban)圍繞蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)苔座生(sheng)在莖(jing)盤(pan)上,外(wai)包3-4 層蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮,莖(jing)盤(pan)下面連帶(dai)干(gan)枯(ku)須(xu)根(gen),包裹(guo)整(zheng)個蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭的蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮為紫色(se),是(shi)由葉鞘基部膨大(da)形成的;白皮蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鱗莖(jing)外(wai)皮白色(se),小瓣(ban)(ban)種(zhong),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣(ban)(ban)2-7室(shi),每頭6-22瓣(ban)(ban)。
2.內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標:阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)有(you)(you)(you)紫(zi)皮(pi)和白皮(pi)兩種,以紫(zi)蒜(suan)(suan)著(zhu)稱。紫(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)蒜(suan)(suan)汁(zhi)稠粘,蒜(suan)(suan)味(wei)辛辣(la),品質(zhi)(zhi)好,宜久(jiu)存。紫(zi)皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)所產蒜(suan)(suan)苔也是蔬菜(cai)中的(de)(de)佳品。阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)富含(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)和碳水化合物,產生的(de)(de)熱(re)量很高。大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)中含(han)有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)壞(huai)血酸(suan)、尼克酸(suan)、硫胺素等營養物質(zhi)(zhi)及人(ren)體所需要的(de)(de)鈉、磷、鈣、鐵(tie)等礦質(zhi)(zhi)元素,阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)含(han)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)素具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)癌、抗(kang)菌(jun)和解毒(du)殺菌(jun)、健(jian)脾開胃、消食去積和預防疾病的(de)(de)作用(yong)。阿(a)城大(da)(da)蒜(suan)(suan)對預防心臟病及血液(ye)循環系統疾病亦有(you)(you)(you)良好效果。
3.安(an)全要求:阿城(cheng)大蒜(suan)在生產過程(cheng)中嚴格執行NY 5001-2007 無公害(hai)食品 蔥蒜(suan)類(lei)蔬菜(cai),GB 4285 農(nong)藥(yao)安(an)全使用標準,GB/T 8321 農(nong)藥(yao)合理使用標準,NY 5010-2001 無公害(hai)食品 蔬菜(cai)產地環境(jing)條件等國家強制性(xing)技(ji)術規范。
五.特定生產方(fang)式
本部分內(nei)容主(zhu)要表述影響阿(a)(a)城大(da)(da)蒜品質、特色形成和(he)保持的(de)特定生產方式: 1.產地(di)選擇(ze)與特殊內(nei)容規定:阿(a)(a)城大(da)(da)蒜產地(di)選擇(ze)在(zai)阿(a)(a)什(shen)河街(jie)南城村(cun)(cun)、白(bai)城村(cun)(cun)、東(dong)環(huan)村(cun)(cun),雙豐鎮雙蘭村(cun)(cun),該(gai)地(di)域遠(yuan)離區(qu)中心(xin),不受城區(qu)各(ge)種(zhong)污染源的(de)污染,且生態環(huan)境(jing)良好(hao),空氣清晰,土質肥沃(wo),降水(shui)均勻,年(nian)降水(shui)量在(zai)600mm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期135天左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you),年(nian)有(you)效積溫3000度左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you),日照(zhao)充足,阿(a)(a)什(shen)河水(shui)川流而過,是個(ge)天造(zao)地(di)設的(de)生產大(da)(da)蒜的(de)好(hao)地(di)方。經過幾年(nian)來區(qu)、街(jie)兩級科技、資金的(de)投入,擁有(you)一流噴灌設備和(he)優(you)良品種(zhong),我(wo)區(qu)阿(a)(a)什(shen)河人民一定能(neng)按照(zhao)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品操作規程來組織(zhi)生產出合格(ge)的(de)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)大(da)(da)蒜。
2.品(pin)種選擇與特(te)定要求(qiu):阿城(cheng)大蒜品(pin)種以阿城(cheng)紫(zi)皮蒜為主(zhu),因(yin)為大蒜在生(sheng)產中退(tui)化嚴重,所以,每(mei)年都到高(gao)我省高(gao)緯度地(di)區進行串換種子。
3.生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理:阿城大(da)(da)蒜在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中嚴格執行(xing)阿城區無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)六(liu)項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,即:無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)追溯制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)技術(shu)(shu)服(fu)務體(ti)系管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)培(pei)訓制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)檔(dang)案(an)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)“十戶(hu)聯保”制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)方面采取了四監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan):一是市場監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。進一步加大(da)(da)對投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)力度 搞好源頭(tou)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理上(shang),堅持經(jing)營許可證制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,禁限用投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)定期公(gong)開(kai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(電視(shi)公(gong)告、信(xin)息發(fa)布投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)禁限用清單),綠辦(ban)與農(nong)業(ye)執法(fa)大(da)(da)隊(dui)配合給(gei)經(jing)營生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資業(ye)戶(hu)把禁限用投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)清單張貼上(shang)墻,讓生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者明明白白的(de)使用。二是執法(fa)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由農(nong)業(ye)執法(fa)大(da)(da)隊(dui)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資市場、龍(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)、基(ji)地農(nong)戶(hu)進行(xing)全(quan)面檢查監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由技術(shu)(shu)部門對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者進行(xing)培(pei)訓,對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)進行(xing)具體(ti)指導和服(fu)務。四是網絡監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)辦(ban)公(gong)室對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程、基(ji)地、企業(ye)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資業(ye)戶(hu)、投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)清單等建立電子(zi)檔(dang)案(an),實行(xing)數字化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理。
4.生產(chan)記錄(lu)要求:阿(a)(a)城大蒜生產(chan)要求農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)建立嚴(yan)格的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)生產(chan)記錄(lu)檔案(an),按(an)農(nong)時操作(zuo)(zuo)填寫(xie)(xie)由阿(a)(a)城區綠(lv)色食品(pin)辦公室統(tong)一(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)生產(chan)記錄(lu),鄉鎮農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安全管理員(yuan)及(ji)區綠(lv)辦工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)定期對(dui)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)生產(chan)記錄(lu)進行檢查和(he)指導,發現填寫(xie)(xie)不(bu)合格的(de)及(ji)時糾正。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
阿城大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(紫皮(pi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期90-93天,一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)七月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)應及(ji)時。按(an)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)大小進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)級,然后(hou)編(bian)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)晾干前(qian),營養物(wu)(wu)質仍在(zai)(zai)繼(ji)續運轉(zhuan),外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)和(he)內(nei)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)繼(ji)續變(bian)薄,呈現過熟(shu)(shu)現象。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)太薄易(yi)破,不能保(bao)護蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣,蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)瓣易(yi)受機械創傷,感染霉菌腐爛。因(yin)此,收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)后(hou)立即(ji)晾曬蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou),使須根和(he)內(nei)外(wai)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)皮(pi)失水干縮,終(zhong)斷營養物(wu)(wu)質的運轉(zhuan)。起(qi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)時上(shang)午起(qi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)攤曬,下(xia)(xia)午綁(bang)扎成(cheng)捆。在(zai)(zai)晾曬過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)避免遭受雨淋,堆(dui)集(ji)時要(yao)避免捂垛(duo),假莖干透后(hou)即(ji)可(ke)編(bian)成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)成(cheng)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)后(hou)不要(yao)碼(ma)堆(dui)或(huo)碼(ma)垛(duo),要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)掛貯(zhu)(zhu),防(fang)止(zhi)蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)擠壓受傷。商品蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)自七月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)到十(shi)月上(shang)旬在(zai)(zai)室外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)(zhu)。涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)搭在(zai)(zai)高爽不存水的地方,棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)搭圓(yuan)木架掛蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)碼(ma)堆(dui)存放,在(zai)(zai)30厘米高墊木上(shang)擺蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),每層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)5-6辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),第(di)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頭(tou)朝(chao)東,第(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)南,第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)西,第(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)北(bei);第(di)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)朝(chao)南或(huo)其(qi)它方向,第(di)2-4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)依次變(bian)更方向。辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)與辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之間留3厘米距(ju)離(li)(li),蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)頭(tou)朝(chao)下(xia)(xia);垛(duo)高20-25層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),垛(duo)與垛(duo)之間留30厘米距(ju)離(li)(li),以(yi)利通(tong)風。于(yu)10月上(shang)旬入窖(jiao)或(huo)庫(ku)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏,掛架碼(ma)堆(dui)均可(ke)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)庫(ku)應為半地下(xia)(xia)式,庫(ku)內(nei)搭圓(yuan)木架掛蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并設(she)(she)火炕(kang)保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)(yi)定溫(wen)度(du)。蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入庫(ku)前(qian)要(yao)清掃庫(ku),用硫磺(huang)熏(xun)蒸,殺蟲滅菌。地面撒生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)吸潮,同時燒炕(kang)2-3天,排除潮氣(qi)。大蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)入庫(ku)掛架,應先(xian)掛上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),后(hou)掛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng);先(xian)掛遠處(chu),后(hou)掛近處(chu)。四(si)壁靠(kao)墻不應掛蒜(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),并且庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應留通(tong)道,供通(tong)風和(he)檢(jian)查溫(wen)度(du)用。庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心及(ji)四(si)角(jiao)、上(shang)下(xia)(xia)都應設(she)(she)溫(wen)度(du)表,干濕球(qiu)溫(wen)度(du)表設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang),冬貯(zhu)(zhu)溫(wen)度(du)保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)零下(xia)(xia)5-7度(du),3-5天檢(jian)查一(yi)(yi)次溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)化(hua),防(fang)止(zhi)傷熱或(huo)受凍。碼(ma)堆(dui)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏與室外(wai)涼(liang)棚(peng)(peng)暫貯(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)同。銷售時裝箱,粘貼無公害農(nong)產品標(biao)志(zhi)。包(bao)裝箱為紙箱,每箱2kg。