渡江(jiang)戰役(yi)總前委舊址紀念館位于肥東(dong)縣撮(cuo)鎮瑤崗村。郵編:231602
1949年1月(yue)10日(ri)淮(huai)海戰(zhan)役(yi)結束(shu)后(hou),總(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)奉中央軍委(wei)關(guan)于總(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)南(nan)下指(zhi)揮渡(du)江(jiang)的(de)指(zhi)示,進駐到(dao)肥東縣撮鎮(zhen)瑤(yao)崗(gang)村,中共(gong)(gong)中央華東局亦(yi)和總(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)同時進駐。3月(yue)27日(ri),總(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)書記鄧小平(ping),常委(wei)陳毅到(dao)達瑤(yao)崗(gang),與先(xian)期(qi)到(dao)達的(de)中共(gong)(gong)中央華東局書記饒漱(shu)石(shi)等(deng)會(hui)合,統一指(zhi)揮中國(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)解放(fang)軍第(di)二、第(di)三野戰(zhan)軍和四(si)野十(shi)二兵團(tuan),渡(du)江(jiang)作(zuo)戰(zhan),總(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)在瑤(yao)崗(gang),先(xian)后(hou)制訂并發(fa)出了《京(jing)滬杭(hang)州戰(zhan)役(yi)實(shi)施(shi)綱要》、《渡(du)江(jiang)作(zuo)戰(zhan)動員口號十(shi)七條》、《入(ru)城三大公(gong)約、十(shi)項(xiang)守則》等(deng)一系(xi)列文件(jian)。四(si)月(yue)二十(shi)日(ri),國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨政府拒絕在國(guo)(guo)內和平(ping)協定上簽字,中國(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)解放(fang)軍一舉突(tu)破國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨政府苦(ku)心經營三個半(ban)月(yue)的(de)長江(jiang)防線,占領(ling)南(nan)京(jing),直(zhi)下滬杭(hang),為全中國(guo)(guo)的(de)解放(fang)和中華人民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和國(guo)(guo)的(de)誕生奠定了基礎。
渡(du)江戰役總(zong)(zong)前(qian)委(wei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)紀念(nian)館共(gong)分九個部(bu)分:總(zong)(zong)前(qian)委(wei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央華(hua)東(dong)局(ju)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、總(zong)(zong)前(qian)委(wei)參謀處(chu)(chu)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、機要(yao)處(chu)(chu)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、秘書(shu)(shu)處(chu)(chu)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、后勤處(chu)(chu)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、警(jing)衛營舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)、醫(yi)院舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)和《渡(du)江頌》書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)展(zhan)廳。紀念(nian)館現有實(shi)物、圖片(表)700余件(jian),以及將帥題詞、書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)作品108幅,黨政領導(dao)題詞36幅。總(zong)(zong)前(qian)委(wei)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)原是(shi)清末五品頂戴(dai)中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)科中(zhong)書(shu)(shu)銜(xian)太學(xue)生王景(jing)賢的(de)宅(zhai)第,三進四廂兩座(zuo)四合院。房子屏(ping)門(men)格(ge)扇,地板房間(jian),雕梁畫(hua)棟,古樸典雅。一(yi)進正屋東(dong)房為(wei)陳毅(yi)臥(wo)室(shi)(shi),西(xi)邊一(yi)間(jian)是(shi)時任(ren)華(hua)東(dong)局(ju)常(chang)委(wei)、宣(xuan)傳部(bu)長、軍區政治部(bu)主任(ren)舒同的(de)臥(wo)室(shi)(shi),最西(xi)邊一(yi)間(jian)是(shi)劉伯承的(de)臥(wo)室(shi)(shi),兩側廂房是(shi)警(jing)衛人員的(de)居(ju)室(shi)(shi)。
二進正(zheng)廳是(shi)總(zong)前(qian)委(wei)會(hui)議(yi)室。正(zheng)面屏風上懸掛毛澤東、朱德的(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)像。北側正(zheng)中的(de)(de)(de)展櫥里展出的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)渡江戰役前(qian)夕,鄧小平主持召(zhao)開的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次總(zong)前(qian)委(wei)、華東局聯(lian)席擴大(da)會(hui)議(yi),部(bu)署渡江作(zuo)(zuo)戰任務和接管(guan)江南新區及支前(qian)工作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)紀要等項(xiang)文字材料。
總(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)書記(ji)鄧(deng)小平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)臥室在(zai)二進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)間(jian),室內(nei)按原(yuan)狀(zhuang)陳(chen)列著架子床和一(yi)套西式辦公桌(zhuo),還有(you)鄧(deng)小平(ping)當年用過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)盞(zhan)煤油(you)燈。這(zhe)盞(zhan)燈是(shi)鄧(deng)小平(ping)離開瑤崗時送給房東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)。“文革”后(hou),房東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)代捐贈了出(chu)來,這(zhe)盞(zhan)燈得以(yi)重新與游客見(jian)面。緊挨(ai)著總(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)舊址(zhi)西邊的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)機要處(chu)舊址(zhi)。它是(shi)三(san)進(jin)四(si)廂,兩座四(si)合院,原(yuan)是(shi)王(wang)景賢(xian)二弟(di)的(de)(de)(de)宅第,總(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)進(jin)駐(zhu)(zhu)瑤崗后(hou)機要處(chu)工作(zuo)人(ren)員曾(ceng)生活、工作(zuo)這(zhe)里(li)。再往西南行50米(mi),便可見(jian)到防空(kong)(kong)洞遺址(zhi)。總(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)在(zai)瑤崗那(nei)段時期(qi),國民(min)黨經常派飛(fei)機空(kong)(kong)襲這(zhe)一(yi)帶。為防國民(min)黨飛(fei)機空(kong)(kong)襲,開挖(wa)了這(zhe)個防空(kong)(kong)洞。防空(kong)(kong)洞深(shen)約6米(mi),空(kong)(kong)間(jian)約60平(ping)方米(mi),中(zhong)間(jian)留有(you)直圓形土柱。防空(kong)(kong)洞東(dong)南約60米(mi),是(shi)墩(dun)塘(tang)遺址(zhi),墩(dun)塘(tang)水面現已不大,塘(tang)中(zhong)央(yang)有(you)一(yi)土墩(dun),墩(dun)上有(you)一(yi)涼(liang)亭,飛(fei)檐翹角(jiao),古樸典雅。游人(ren)可從石板橋走向涼(liang)亭。這(zhe)里(li)原(yuan)是(shi)王(wang)景賢(xian)夏季納(na)涼(liang)之處(chu),總(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)進(jin)駐(zhu)(zhu)瑤崗后(hou),鄧(deng)小平(ping)、陳(chen)毅等領導(dao)人(ren)經常在(zai)此談兵論政下棋休閑。
華(hua)東局(ju)(ju)舊址(zhi)位于總(zong)前(qian)委(wei)(wei)舊址(zhi)的(de)東北部(bu),為兩進兩廂四合院。門上方的(de)“中(zhong)共中(zhong)央華(hua)東局(ju)(ju)瑤(yao)崗村舊址(zhi)”匾額(e)是原華(hua)東局(ju)(ju)第三書記魏文伯題(ti)寫。一(yi)進是時任華(hua)東局(ju)(ju)書記饒漱石、華(hua)東局(ju)(ju)常委(wei)(wei)、組織部(bu)長張鼎丞和財(cai)委(wei)(wei)主(zhu)任曾山的(de)辦公和住宿處(chu)。二進是會議室(shi)和工作(zuo)人員辦公和住宿處(chu)。
從華東局舊址往西(xi)行約200米,便(bian)可見到又一座綠(lv)樹掩映(ying)中的(de)(de)四合院,它青磚小瓦、風火高墻,這便(bian)是總前委參(can)謀處(chu)舊址。參(can)謀處(chu)為渡(du)(du)江戰役及解放戰爭(zheng)期(qi)間部分珍(zhen)貴(gui)革命文物展廳,這里收藏并(bing)陳列著(zhu)渡(du)(du)江戰役及解放戰爭(zheng)期(qi)間的(de)(de)各(ge)種槍支、槍套、斧(fu)頭、報(bao)刊(kan)、肩(jian)章(zhang)、被褥(ru)和各(ge)種生活用(yong)品,以(yi)及曾經在這里工作(zuo)過同志(zhi)的(de)(de)回憶(yi)錄和渡(du)(du)江戰役紀念館工作(zuo)人員對(dui)他們的(de)(de)訪談(tan)錄。
在渡(du)(du)(du)江戰(zhan)役(yi)總前(qian)(qian)委(wei)舊址內(nei),現設有(you)名(ming)為(wei)“渡(du)(du)(du)江頌”的(de)書畫展(zhan)(zhan)廳。“渡(du)(du)(du)江頌”匾額為(wei)原中共中央軍委(wei)副主席張震上將(jiang)親自題寫。展(zhan)(zhan)廳共分(fen)(fen)三個部分(fen)(fen),首先看到的(de)是(shi)(shi)“將(jiang)帥題詞廳”,內(nei)設三室(shi)(shi)。第一室(shi)(shi)為(wei)元帥、大將(jiang)、上將(jiang)廳,你可以看到陳(chen)毅、徐向前(qian)(qian)、聶榮臻、粟裕(yu)、劉華清、李德(de)生、張震、遲浩田等38位將(jiang)帥的(de)真跡。第二室(shi)(shi)為(wei)中將(jiang)廳,第三室(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)少將(jiang)廳。接著是(shi)(shi)黨政干(gan)部題詞廳,最(zui)后是(shi)(shi)書畫廳。書畫廳里展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)舒(shu)同、賴少其(qi)、鄒德(de)忠(zhong)和郭公達等書畫界知名(ming)人士的(de)墨(mo)寶。
紀念館(guan)有藏品125件,多為(wei)渡江(jiang)戰役有關的(de)文物、文獻、資(zi)料等。其中(zhong)較為(wei)珍貴的(de)有總(zong)前(qian)委領導人(ren)(ren)鄧小(xiao)平、陳(chen)(chen)毅(yi)等使用過(guo)的(de)公文包,文件箱(xiang)、辦公桌、椅、床(chuang)等40余件。還有嵌(qian)在陳(chen)(chen)毅(yi)臥室墻壁上(shang)陳(chen)(chen)毅(yi)親筆寫的(de)七絕詩(shi)"旌(jing)旗南指大(da)江(jiang)邊,不盡洪流(liu)涌(yong)上(shang)天。直(zhi)下金陵澄(cheng)六合,萬方爭頌換人(ren)(ren)間"。
該館(guan)設專人從事渡(du)(du)江(jiang)戰(zhan)役(yi)有(you)關史實的研究(jiu)。1989年(nian)為(wei)紀念(nian)渡(du)(du)江(jiang)戰(zhan)役(yi)勝(sheng)利四十周(zhou)年(nian),出版(ban)《渡(du)(du)江(jiang)戰(zhan)役(yi)期間總(zong)前(qian)委在瑤崗》、《渡(du)(du)江(jiang)戰(zhan)役(yi)勝(sheng)利四十周(zhou)年(nian)文(wen)藝專輯》、《渡(du)(du)江(jiang)戰(zhan)役(yi)總(zong)前(qian)委舊址紀念(nian)館(guan)簡介》。
瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)位于合肥(fei)東(dong)郊肥(fei)東(dong)縣撮鎮,南(nan)臨(lin)淮南(nan)鐵(tie)路(lu)和合蕪公路(lu),北靠312國道,從合肥(fei)到瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)乘車(che)(che)只需半個小(xiao)(xiao)時。來到瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang),首先(xian)看到的(de)(de)便是“渡江戰役總前(qian)委(wei)舊址紀念(nian)館(guan)”幾(ji)個蒼勁有(you)力(li)的(de)(de)大(da)字,為當年(nian)曾(ceng)親臨(lin)瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)渡江戰役指揮者之一(yi)、著名書(shu)法大(da)師(shi)舒同1986年(nian)9月(yue)題寫。關(guan)于瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang),許多(duo)歷史文獻和許多(duo)老將軍,老同志(zhi)的(de)(de)回憶(yi)錄都曾(ceng)有(you)記載,鄧小(xiao)(xiao)平之女(nv)毛毛所著的(de)(de)《我的(de)(de)父親鄧小(xiao)(xiao)平》一(yi)書(shu)第619頁上對瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)這(zhe)段歷史也作了描述:“1949年(nian)4月(yue)2日,父親(鄧小(xiao)(xiao)平)和陳毅乘坐著一(yi)節‘悶罐車(che)(che)廂’,沿鐵(tie)路(lu)從蚌埠到達合肥(fei),并立(li)即驅車(che)(che)前(qian)往瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)村的(de)(de)總前(qian)委(wei)指揮部……”
1949年(nian)(nian)元旦前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou),解放戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遼(liao)沈、淮(huai)海、平(ping)(ping)津三大戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)以人(ren)(ren)民解放軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)(sheng)利而結束。為(wei)(wei)了取得中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革命的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)(sheng)利,粉碎美國(guo)(guo)和國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)劃江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)分治的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰謀(mou),黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)適(shi)時(shi)提出“打過長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)去,解放全(quan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)口號, 并決定成(cheng)立(li)渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),全(quan)面負責指(zhi)揮渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)。經中(zhong)央(yang)批準,渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)由鄧小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)、劉(liu)伯承、陳(chen)毅、粟裕、譚震(zhen)林五(wu)人(ren)(ren)組成(cheng),鄧小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)為(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)記。經過慎重(zhong)(zhong)考慮和反復(fu)比較,總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)接(jie)受(shou)了時(shi)任(ren)皖北區(qu)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)記曾希(xi)圣(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建議(yi),將(jiang)(jiang)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)揮部設在合(he)肥(fei)(fei)肥(fei)(fei)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)。總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)進駐瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)后(hou),密切注(zhu)意敵我(wo)斗(dou)爭態勢,統(tong)籌渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準備工作(zuo),指(zhi)揮和協調各個軍(jun)事集(ji)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)行動,制(zhi)訂接(jie)管(guan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)新(xin)區(qu)計劃和人(ren)(ren)事安排。在瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang),總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)起草(cao)、審定、上報了《京滬(hu)杭戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)實施綱要》、草(cao)擬(ni)了《關于接(jie)管(guan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示》和《關于江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)新(xin)區(qu)農(nong)村工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示》等眾多具有(you)歷(li)史意義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文件、命令、電報。為(wei)(wei)緬(mian)懷、學習鄧小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)、陳(chen)毅等老(lao)一輩(bei)無(wu)產階級(ji)革命家的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐功偉績,1985年(nian)(nian)7月(yue),中(zhong)共肥(fei)(fei)東縣委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、縣人(ren)(ren)民政府決定,建立(li)渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舊址(zhi)(zhi)紀(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)。1986年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)3日,安徽省(sheng)人(ren)(ren)民政府把瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)渡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)(yi)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舊址(zhi)(zhi)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei),1996年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)20日國(guo)(guo)務院又將(jiang)(jiang)它列(lie)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。同在瑤(yao)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)華東局舊址(zhi)(zhi)、總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)參謀(mou)處、機要處、秘書(shu)處、后(hou)勤(qin)處、警衛營舊址(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)被納入保(bao)護(hu)(hu)之列(lie)。總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舊址(zhi)(zhi)紀(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)歷(li)史見證、革命圣(sheng)地(di),現已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)京軍(jun)區(qu)及安徽大學、合(he)肥(fei)(fei)炮兵學院等幾(ji)十所院校的(de)(de)(de)(de)革命傳(chuan)統(tong)和愛國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)教育基地(di)。
紀念館(guan)每周一至六開館(guan)(旅游旺季周日也開)
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