孫(sun)叔敖紀念(nian)館位于壽縣城(cheng)南(nan)30公里(li)的(de)安(an)(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)北(bei)岸,坐北(bei)向南(nan),占地3000平方(fang)米,為祀楚(chu)令(ling)尹(yin)孫(sun)叔敖建(jian),始建(jian)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)不詳。據《水經(jing)注(zhu)》載,“芍破(po)水北(bei)經(jing)孫(sun)叔敖詞下”,可知祠(ci)之始建(jian)不晚(wan)于北(bei)魏,明(ming)、清兩代(dai)(dai)(dai)迭(die)有(you)修葺(qi)。現存大(da)殿、還清閣、崇報(bao)門,詞內外(wai)集中明(ming)、清碑刻19方(fang),中有(you)歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)安(an)(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)碑記、安(an)(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)灌區(qu)圖(tu)示、孫(sun)叔敖刻像及傳略(lve),是研究安(an)(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)的(de)重要史料。
孫(sun)公祠(ci)是國家(jia)歷史文(wen)化名(ming)(ming)城——安(an)徽省壽(shou)縣安(an)豐塘(tang)畔(pan)的孫(sun)書敖(ao)(ao)祠(ci)堂(tang)。又名(ming)(ming)楚相祠(ci)、芍陂(po)祠(ci)、安(an)豐塘(tang)祠(ci)等。位于今安(an)豐塘(tang)北岸(an),為(wei)祀孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)造芍陂(po)而建,始于何(he)時尚(shang)未能詳。安(an)豐塘(tang),素有(you)“天(tian)下(xia)第(di)一(yi)塘(tang)”之稱。古名(ming)(ming)芍陂(po),為(wei)楚相孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)主持修建。后(hou)人為(wei)紀念(nian)孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao),在陂(po)北建有(you)一(yi)祠(ci),故(gu)名(ming)(ming)孫(sun)公祠(ci)。
孫叔敖,姓孫,名敖,字孫叔;父名孫賈,任(ren)楚(chu)國(guo)司(si)馬,后(hou)被(bei)斗越椒所害,孫叔敖避(bi)難于(yu)夢澤。虞邱相薦其賢于(yu)楚(chu)莊王(wang),召(zhao)為(wei)令尹。《史(shi)記(ji)?循吏列傳》說。“孫叔敖者,楚(chu)之處土也(ye),虞邱相進之于(yu)楚(chu)莊王(wang),以自代(dai)也(ye)。三月為(wei)楚(chu)相,施教導民(min),上下和合,世(shi)俗盛美,政緩禁止,吏無0邪,盜(dao)賊不起。秋冬則勸(quan)民(min)山采,春夏以水,各得其所便,民(min)皆樂其生(sheng)。”為(wei)了發展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)產,富國(guo)富民(min),他(ta)選擇主(zhu)要產糧區的壽春,利(li)用南高北低、水源豐富的地理環境(jing),修造(zao)芍(shao)陂水利(li),灌溉萬頃,使(shi)楚(chu)國(guo)經濟(ji)迅速(su)恢復與發展(zhan)(zhan),人(ren)民(min)得其利(li)。
據傳,此(ci)舉適合(he)國情,深得(de)人心,當地(di)人民(min)很早就在陂側(ce)立祠(ci)(ci)以祭了(le)。《水(shui)(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)》“肥水(shui)(shui)(shui)”條下有記(ji)曰:“水(shui)(shui)(shui)北徑孫叔(shu)(shu)敖祠(ci)(ci)下”,可(ke)(ke)見孫公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)始(shi)建日(ri)最遲也(ye)不會(hui)晚于(yu)(yu)北魏。宋王安石《安豐(feng)張令修(xiu)芍陂》詩(shi)(shi)中亦有“楚相祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)仍好(hao)在”句(ju),明代宣陽僑(qiao)郎王邦瑞《過孫叔(shu)(shu)敖祠(ci)(ci)》詩(shi)(shi)曰:“百里陂塘峙楚祠(ci)(ci),萬年(nian)(nian)伏臘(la)動(dong)人思。愛存墮(duo)淚非殘(can)碣,功(gong)似為(wei)霖豈(qi)一時(shi)。” 據《壽州志》記(ji)載,明成(cheng)化十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1483年(nian)(nian)),御史魏璋“重修(xiu)之”;成(cheng)化二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1486年(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)州劉概“增(zeng)葺之”;清康熙間,州同顏伯?《孫公(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)廟記(ji)》說祠(ci)(ci)有“殿(dian)廡門(men)閣凡九(jiu)所(suo)二(er)十八間,僧舍三所(suo)九(jiu)間,戶(hu)牖(you)五十有七戶(hu)”;又說有古(gu)柏數株(zhu),遮天(tian)蔽(bi)日(ri)。游客到此(ci),觀芍陂壯舉,仰楚相遺(yi)風(feng)(feng),留連之余,可(ke)(ke)于(yu)(yu)庭、于(yu)(yu)廊、于(yu)(yu)廡、于(yu)(yu)樹下、于(yu)(yu)南牖(you)北窗(chuang),此(ci)軒彼欄,皆得(de)以憩憩,偃仰隨(sui)意,風(feng)(feng)雨寒暑(shu)所(suo)不及(ji)(ji)也(ye)。乾隆(long)五十八年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元1793年(nian)(nian)),壽州知(zhi)州周光鄰《芍陂楚相祠(ci)(ci)》云:“楚相祠(ci)(ci)堂(tang)柏蔭清,芍陂晴藻碧(bi)煙橫(heng)。欲(yu)知(zhi)遺(yi)澤(ze)流長(chang)處(chu),三十六(liu)門(men)秋水(shui)(shui)(shui)聲(sheng)。廉吏可(ke)(ke)為(wei)終可(ke)(ke)為(wei),衣冠今古(gu)式威儀。野人欲(yu)采(cai)塘花獻,剛及(ji)(ji)西風(feng)(feng)稻熟(shu)時(shi)。” 經過乾隆(long)年(nian)(nian)間多次修(xiu)葺,形成(cheng)一套祠(ci)(ci)宇(yu)制(zhi)度。
正(zheng)殿(dian)奉楚令尹孫叔敖(ao)像,東配(pei)明壽(shou)州(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)黃克纘“木主”,西配(pei)清(qing)壽(shou)州(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)同顏伯?“木主”;東西廡配(pei)祭漢(han)至清(qing)代(dai)致(zhi)力于(yu)(yu)(yu)芍陂興利的(de)官(guan)宦48人,漢(han)廬江(jiang)太守王(wang)景以及(ji)兗(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史鄧艾位(wei)居(ju)前列。現存(cun)大殿(dian)、還清(qing)閣(ge)、崇報(bao)(bao)門(men)和明清(qing)間(jian)(jian)碑(bei)刻19方。大殿(dian)三間(jian)(jian),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后進,硬(ying)山、馬頭墻、前提檐(yan)、立貼式梁架。還清(qing)閣(ge)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)進,闊三間(jian)(jian),深一間(jian)(jian),兩層密檐(yan)式,墻面(mian)(mian)出(chu)單挑磚雕華拱(gong)以承檐(yan)下。崇報(bao)(bao)門(men)為(wei)(wei)前進,又稱(cheng)碑(bei)廳,面(mian)(mian)闊四間(jian)(jian),東間(jian)(jian)闊3.3米,自(zi)東至西各間(jian)(jian)面(mian)(mian)依(yi)次遞減;門(men)設(she)東邊第二間(jian)(jian)正(zheng)中(zhong),異于(yu)(yu)(yu)大殿(dian),還清(qing)閣(ge)設(she)門(men)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明間(jian)(jian)的(de)對稱(cheng)格局(ju)。碑(bei)廳內(nei)外墻上,嵌(qian)有(you)近年自(zi)祠之(zhi)內(nei)集中(zhong)起來的(de)碑(bei)刻19方,有(you)歷史上重(zhong)修安豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)碑(bei)記、禁止侵(qin)塘(tang)為(wei)(wei)田的(de)積水(shui)(shui)界(jie)石(shi)記、安豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)圖(tu)、孫叔敖(ao)石(shi)刻線像及(ji)其傳略、重(zhong)修孫公祠碑(bei)記等。其中(zhong)明代(dai)石(shi)刻塘(tang)圖(tu),可見(jian)塘(tang)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)源、斗門(men)、灌區概況,在水(shui)(shui)利科(ke)學(xue)史上有(you)較高價值(zhi)。乾隆四十年梁書丹之(zhi)草(cao)體《重(zhong)修安豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)碑(bei)記》,亦(yi)常為(wei)(wei)游人所欣賞。