孫叔(shu)(shu)敖紀念館(guan)位(wei)于壽縣城(cheng)南30公里的安(an)豐(feng)塘北(bei)岸,坐(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)南,占地3000平方米,為祀楚令尹孫叔(shu)(shu)敖建(jian),始(shi)(shi)建(jian)年(nian)代不詳。據《水經注》載,“芍(shao)破(po)水北(bei)經孫叔(shu)(shu)敖詞(ci)下(xia)”,可(ke)知祠之始(shi)(shi)建(jian)不晚于北(bei)魏,明(ming)、清(qing)兩代迭有修葺。現(xian)存大殿、還清(qing)閣、崇(chong)報門,詞(ci)內外集中明(ming)、清(qing)碑(bei)刻19方,中有歷代安(an)豐(feng)塘碑(bei)記(ji)、安(an)豐(feng)塘灌區圖示、孫叔(shu)(shu)敖刻像及傳略(lve),是研究安(an)豐(feng)塘的重(zhong)要(yao)史料。
孫(sun)公(gong)祠是國(guo)家歷史文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)——安(an)徽(hui)省壽縣安(an)豐塘畔的孫(sun)書敖祠堂。又名(ming)楚相(xiang)祠、芍陂(po)祠、安(an)豐塘祠等。位(wei)于(yu)今安(an)豐塘北(bei)岸,為(wei)祀孫(sun)叔(shu)敖造芍陂(po)而(er)建,始于(yu)何時尚未(wei)能(neng)詳。安(an)豐塘,素(su)有“天下第一塘”之(zhi)稱。古名(ming)芍陂(po),為(wei)楚相(xiang)孫(sun)叔(shu)敖主持修(xiu)建。后人(ren)為(wei)紀(ji)念孫(sun)叔(shu)敖,在陂(po)北(bei)建有一祠,故(gu)名(ming)孫(sun)公(gong)祠。
孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao),姓孫(sun),名(ming)敖(ao),字孫(sun)叔(shu);父名(ming)孫(sun)賈,任(ren)楚國(guo)司(si)馬,后被斗越椒所(suo)害,孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)避(bi)難(nan)于夢澤。虞(yu)邱相薦(jian)其賢于楚莊(zhuang)王,召為令尹。《史記?循吏列傳》說。“孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)者,楚之(zhi)處(chu)土也,虞(yu)邱相進之(zhi)于楚莊(zhuang)王,以自代也。三(san)月為楚相,施教(jiao)導民(min),上下和合,世(shi)俗盛美,政緩禁止,吏無0邪(xie),盜(dao)賊不起。秋冬則勸(quan)民(min)山采(cai),春夏以水(shui),各得其所(suo)便,民(min)皆樂其生。”為了發(fa)展(zhan)生產,富(fu)(fu)國(guo)富(fu)(fu)民(min),他選擇主要產糧區的壽(shou)春,利用南(nan)高北低、水(shui)源(yuan)豐富(fu)(fu)的地理環境,修造芍陂(po)水(shui)利,灌溉萬(wan)頃,使楚國(guo)經濟迅(xun)速恢復與發(fa)展(zhan),人(ren)民(min)得其利。
據傳(chuan),此舉適(shi)合國情,深得人(ren)心,當地人(ren)民很(hen)早(zao)就(jiu)在陂側立(li)祠(ci)以祭(ji)了。《水(shui)(shui)經注》“肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)”條下有記(ji)曰(yue):“水(shui)(shui)北(bei)徑孫叔敖祠(ci)下”,可(ke)(ke)(ke)見孫公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)始建日最遲也(ye)(ye)不會晚于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)魏(wei)。宋王安(an)石(shi)《安(an)豐張令(ling)修(xiu)(xiu)芍(shao)陂》詩中亦有“楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)堂(tang)仍好在”句,明代宣陽僑郎王邦瑞《過(guo)(guo)孫叔敖祠(ci)》詩曰(yue):“百里陂塘峙(zhi)楚(chu)(chu)祠(ci),萬年伏臘動人(ren)思。愛存墮淚(lei)非殘碣,功(gong)似(si)為(wei)霖豈一時。” 據《壽(shou)州志》記(ji)載,明成(cheng)化十(shi)九(jiu)年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1483年),御史魏(wei)璋(zhang)“重修(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)”;成(cheng)化二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1486年),知(zhi)州劉(liu)概“增葺(qi)之(zhi)”;清康(kang)熙間,州同(tong)顏伯?《孫公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)廟記(ji)》說祠(ci)有“殿廡(wu)門閣凡九(jiu)所(suo)二(er)十(shi)八(ba)間,僧舍三所(suo)九(jiu)間,戶牖(you)五(wu)十(shi)有七戶”;又說有古柏(bo)(bo)數株,遮(zhe)天蔽日。游(you)客到(dao)此,觀芍(shao)陂壯舉,仰楚(chu)(chu)相遺風,留(liu)連之(zhi)余,可(ke)(ke)(ke)于(yu)(yu)(yu)庭、于(yu)(yu)(yu)廊、于(yu)(yu)(yu)廡(wu)、于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹下、于(yu)(yu)(yu)南牖(you)北(bei)窗,此軒彼欄,皆得以憩(qi)憩(qi),偃仰隨意(yi),風雨寒暑(shu)所(suo)不及(ji)也(ye)(ye)。乾隆(long)五(wu)十(shi)八(ba)年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1793年),壽(shou)州知(zhi)州周光(guang)鄰《芍(shao)陂楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)》云:“楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)堂(tang)柏(bo)(bo)蔭清,芍(shao)陂晴藻碧煙橫。欲知(zhi)遺澤流長處,三十(shi)六(liu)門秋水(shui)(shui)聲(sheng)。廉吏(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)終(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei),衣冠(guan)今古式威儀(yi)。野(ye)人(ren)欲采(cai)塘花獻,剛(gang)及(ji)西風稻熟(shu)時。” 經過(guo)(guo)乾隆(long)年間多次修(xiu)(xiu)葺(qi),形成(cheng)一套祠(ci)宇制度(du)。
正殿奉楚令尹孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)像,東(dong)(dong)配(pei)明(ming)壽(shou)州知州黃克纘“木(mu)主(zhu)”,西(xi)配(pei)清壽(shou)州州同(tong)顏(yan)伯?“木(mu)主(zhu)”;東(dong)(dong)西(xi)廡配(pei)祭漢至(zhi)清代致力于(yu)(yu)芍陂興利的(de)(de)官宦(huan)48人,漢廬江太守(shou)王景以及兗州刺史(shi)鄧艾位(wei)居前(qian)列。現存大(da)殿、還清閣(ge)、崇報門(men)和(he)明(ming)清間(jian)(jian)碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)19方(fang)(fang)。大(da)殿三間(jian)(jian),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)后進(jin),硬山、馬頭墻、前(qian)提檐(yan)、立(li)貼式梁架。還清閣(ge)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)進(jin),闊三間(jian)(jian),深一間(jian)(jian),兩層密檐(yan)式,墻面出單挑磚(zhuan)雕華拱以承檐(yan)下。崇報門(men)為前(qian)進(jin),又(you)稱碑(bei)(bei)廳,面闊四間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)闊3.3米(mi),自東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)西(xi)各間(jian)(jian)面依次遞減;門(men)設(she)東(dong)(dong)邊(bian)第二(er)間(jian)(jian)正中(zhong),異(yi)于(yu)(yu)大(da)殿,還清閣(ge)設(she)門(men)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)對稱格局(ju)。碑(bei)(bei)廳內(nei)外墻上,嵌有(you)近(jin)年自祠之內(nei)集中(zhong)起來的(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)19方(fang)(fang),有(you)歷史(shi)上重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)安(an)(an)(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)、禁止(zhi)侵(qin)塘(tang)為田(tian)的(de)(de)積水界石(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)、安(an)(an)(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)圖、孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)線(xian)像及其傳略、重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)孫(sun)公祠碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)等。其中(zhong)明(ming)代石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)塘(tang)圖,可見塘(tang)的(de)(de)位(wei)置、水源、斗(dou)門(men)、灌區(qu)概況(kuang),在水利科學史(shi)上有(you)較高價值。乾隆四十年梁書(shu)丹(dan)之草體(ti)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)安(an)(an)(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)》,亦常為游人所欣賞。