參觀信息
沂南漢(han)墓(mu)博物館(guan)南北(bei)長66.4米,東西寬(kuan)67.5米,占地面(mian)積(ji)4017.2平方(fang)米。館(guan)內設墓(mu)室保護房、文物陳列室等。所有建(jian)筑外形,集仿古與園林風格于一(yi)體,均(jun)仿照東漢(han)時期的(de)建(jian)筑,給人(ren)們一(yi)種身處其時,身臨其境的(de)體驗(yan)。
建筑布局
博(bo)物(wu)館內正中(zhong)偏北(bei)位置,是(shi)(shi)原址(zhi)完整保(bao)護、聞名(ming)遐邇的(de)北(bei)寨(zhai)漢畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(一(yi)號墓(mu)),該墓(mu)規模宏大,墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)復雜,畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)雕刻(ke)精美(mei)(mei)(mei),內容極其豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),是(shi)(shi)我國現已(yi)發(fa)現、保(bao)存(cun)較為完美(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de),為中(zhong)外學者高度關注的(de)一(yi)座(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)。 一(yi)號墓(mu)坐北(bei)向南,用280塊(kuai)預制石(shi)(shi)材(cai)筑(zhu)成,其中(zhong)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)42塊(kuai),畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)73幅,畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)44.2平方米(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)南北(bei)長8.7米(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬7.55米(mi)(mi),由(you)(you)(you)前(qian)中(zhong)后三個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi),東(dong)(dong)三個(ge)(ge)側(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi),西兩個(ge)(ge)側(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)成,總計(ji)為八(ba)(ba)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。室(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)之間(jian)(jian)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)直通。整個(ge)(ge)墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)構(gou)筑(zhu)是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)(you)地(di)面(mian)(mian)、臺(tai)子(zi)、支(zhi)柱(zhu)(zhu)、墻(qiang)壁(bi)(bi)、橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)、中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)、過(guo)梁、橫(heng)(heng)(heng)枋、攔(lan)角(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)、蓋頂石(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)先后順序壘筑(zhu)起來的(de),建(jian)筑(zhu)技術相當(dang)先進(jin)(jin)。墓(mu)門(men)高2.74米(mi)(mi),由(you)(you)(you)門(men)楣、橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)和(he)東(dong)(dong)、西、中(zhong)三個(ge)(ge)立柱(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)成。門(men)的(de)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)和(he)立柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)均刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。立柱(zhu)(zhu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)別刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)伏(fu)羲、女(nv)媧、東(dong)(dong)王公,西王母及羽人(ren)、玉兔(tu)搗藥等(deng)(deng)祥瑞圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。門(men)楣橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)則(ze)表現出一(yi)戰爭場面(mian)(mian)。 前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)闊兩間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深兩間(jian)(jian),從地(di)面(mian)(mian)到墓(mu)頂高2.8米(mi)(mi),室(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形擎天石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)。頂部(bu)是(shi)(shi)用石(shi)(shi)條構(gou)成幾個(ge)(ge)方形重(zhong)疊(die)而上(shang)的(de)抹(mo)角(jiao)(jiao)結(jie)構(gou)藻(zao)井,既(ji)美(mei)(mei)(mei)觀(guan)又大方。前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內容不(bu)少,但(dan)主(zhu)題是(shi)(shi)祭祀,主(zhu)要表現了墓(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)死后的(de)衷榮,分(fen)(fen)布于東(dong)(dong)、南、西三壁(bi)(bi)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)上(shang)。肅穆虔誠的(de)致祭者 或躬立,或跪伏(fu)于地(di),足(zu)見墓(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)的(de)官(guan)位之高。前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)壁(bi)(bi)、北(bei)壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)額(e)及八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)擎天柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang),則(ze)刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)大儺驅鬼、伐(fa)鼓、擁彗和(he)神靈、祥瑞圖(tu)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。 中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)高3.12米(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)闊兩間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深兩間(jian)(jian),亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形擎天柱(zhu)(zhu)。中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內容更(geng)為豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),有(you)(you)(you)車馬出行,豐(feng)收宴享,樂(le)舞(wu)百戲等(deng)(deng),主(zhu)要表現了墓(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)的(de)高貴身份(fen)和(he)富(fu)(fu)足(zu)逸(yi)樂(le)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)四(si)壁(bi)(bi),刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)蒼頡(jie)造(zao)字、衛(wei)姬(ji)請罪(zui)、堯舜禪(chan)讓、荊軻刺秦王、孔子(zi)見老(lao)子(zi)等(deng)(deng)歷史(shi)(shi)故事和(he)歷史(shi)(shi)人(ren)物(wu),并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)榜題“蒼頡(jie)、齊桓公、衛(wei)姬(ji)、蘇武”等(deng)(deng)12處(chu)28個(ge)(ge)漢字,這些畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)動(dong)細膩,令人(ren)驚嘆。 后室(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)斗拱分(fen)(fen)隔成兩間(jian)(jian),僅有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)側(ce)(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi),很顯然是(shi)(shi)一(yi)帶便池(chi)的(de)廁所(suo)。拱的(de)式樣同(tong)中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣,梁拱也是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)(you)整塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)頭雕成。分(fen)(fen)布于后室(shi)(shi)(shi)隔墻(qiang)上(shang)的(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),主(zhu)要描寫(xie)了墓(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)的(de)閨房內的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo),有(you)(you)(you)侍女(nv)持(chi)奩圖(tu)、仆人(ren)洗滌圖(tu)等(deng)(deng)。