參觀信息
沂南漢(han)墓(mu)博物(wu)館(guan)南北長(chang)66.4米,東西寬67.5米,占(zhan)地面(mian)積4017.2平(ping)方米。館(guan)內設墓(mu)室(shi)保護房、文物(wu)陳列室(shi)等。所有建筑(zhu)外形,集仿古與園(yuan)林(lin)風格于一體,均(jun)仿照(zhao)東漢(han)時(shi)期的(de)建筑(zhu),給人(ren)們一種(zhong)身處(chu)其時(shi),身臨其境(jing)的(de)體驗(yan)。
建筑布局
博(bo)物館(guan)內(nei)正中偏(pian)北(bei)(bei)位置,是(shi)(shi)(shi)原址完整保護(hu)、聞名遐邇的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)寨(zhai)漢畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(一號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)),該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)規模宏大,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)復雜(za),畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)雕刻精(jing)美(mei),內(nei)容(rong)極其豐富(fu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國現(xian)已(yi)發現(xian)、保存較(jiao)為完美(mei)的(de)(de)(de),為中外學者高(gao)(gao)度關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 一號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)向南,用280塊(kuai)預制(zhi)石(shi)(shi)材筑(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng),其中畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)42塊(kuai),畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)73幅(fu),畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)面(mian)積44.2平方(fang)(fang)米。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)南北(bei)(bei)長8.7米,東(dong)西寬7.55米,由(you)前(qian)中后(hou)三個主(zhu)室(shi)(shi),東(dong)三個側(ce)室(shi)(shi),西兩(liang)個側(ce)室(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),總計為八(ba)(ba)(ba)室(shi)(shi)。室(shi)(shi)與室(shi)(shi)之間都(dou)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)直通(tong)。整個墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)筑(zhu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)地面(mian)、臺子、支柱(zhu)、墻壁(bi)(bi)、橫(heng)額(e)(e)、中柱(zhu)、過梁、橫(heng)枋、攔(lan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)、蓋頂(ding)(ding)石(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)先后(hou)順序壘筑(zhu)起來的(de)(de)(de),建筑(zhu)技術相當先進(jin)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)高(gao)(gao)2.74米,由(you)門(men)(men)楣、橫(heng)額(e)(e)和(he)東(dong)、西、中三個立柱(zhu)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)額(e)(e)和(he)立柱(zhu)上均刻有(you)(you)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)。立柱(zhu)部(bu)分分別刻有(you)(you)伏羲(xi)、女(nv)媧、東(dong)王(wang)公,西王(wang)母(mu)及羽人、玉(yu)兔搗藥(yao)等(deng)(deng)祥瑞(rui)圖(tu)像(xiang)。門(men)(men)楣橫(heng)額(e)(e)部(bu)分則表現(xian)出一戰爭場面(mian)。 前(qian)室(shi)(shi)面(mian)闊兩(liang)間,進(jin)深(shen)兩(liang)間,從地面(mian)到墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)2.8米,室(shi)(shi)中有(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)擎(qing)天(tian)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)。頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用石(shi)(shi)條構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)幾個方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)重疊而(er)上的(de)(de)(de)抹角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)結(jie)構(gou)藻井,既美(mei)觀又大方(fang)(fang)。前(qian)室(shi)(shi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)內(nei)容(rong)不(bu)少,但主(zhu)題是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)祀,主(zhu)要表現(xian)了(le)(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人死后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)衷榮,分布(bu)于東(dong)、南、西三壁(bi)(bi)橫(heng)額(e)(e)上。肅穆(mu)虔(qian)誠的(de)(de)(de)致祭(ji)者 或(huo)躬立,或(huo)跪伏于地,足見墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人的(de)(de)(de)官位之高(gao)(gao)。前(qian)室(shi)(shi)四壁(bi)(bi)、北(bei)(bei)壁(bi)(bi)上橫(heng)額(e)(e)及八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)擎(qing)天(tian)柱(zhu)上,則刻有(you)(you)大儺驅鬼、伐(fa)鼓、擁彗和(he)神靈(ling)、祥瑞(rui)圖(tu)像(xiang)。 中室(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)3.12米,面(mian)闊兩(liang)間,進(jin)深(shen)兩(liang)間,亦有(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)擎(qing)天(tian)柱(zhu)。中室(shi)(shi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)內(nei)容(rong)更為豐富(fu),有(you)(you)車馬出行(xing),豐收宴享(xiang),樂(le)舞百(bai)戲等(deng)(deng),主(zhu)要表現(xian)了(le)(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)貴身份和(he)富(fu)足逸(yi)樂(le)的(de)(de)(de)生活。中室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)四壁(bi)(bi),刻有(you)(you)蒼(cang)頡(jie)造字(zi)(zi)、衛姬請罪、堯舜(shun)禪讓(rang)、荊軻(ke)刺(ci)秦王(wang)、孔子見老子等(deng)(deng)歷史故事和(he)歷史人物,并有(you)(you)榜題“蒼(cang)頡(jie)、齊桓公、衛姬、蘇武(wu)”等(deng)(deng)12處28個漢字(zi)(zi),這些畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)生動細膩,令人驚嘆(tan)。 后(hou)室(shi)(shi)由(you)一個斗拱分隔成(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)間,僅有(you)(you)一個側(ce)室(shi)(shi),很顯然是(shi)(shi)(shi)一帶便池的(de)(de)(de)廁所。拱的(de)(de)(de)式樣同中室(shi)(shi)一樣,梁拱也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)整塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)頭雕成(cheng)(cheng)。分布(bu)于后(hou)室(shi)(shi)隔墻上的(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang),主(zhu)要描寫(xie)了(le)(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人的(de)(de)(de)閨房內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)生活,有(you)(you)侍女(nv)持奩圖(tu)、仆人洗滌圖(tu)等(deng)(deng)。