越(yue)女(nv)(nv)(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa)相(xiang)傳(chuan)是(shi)春秋戰國時期一(yi)位越(yue)國南林(是(shi)指古歙(she)(she)縣的(de)(de)(de)南鄉(xiang)地區,主峰擱船尖,這(zhe)里一(yi)直(zhi)有(you)傳(chuan)說36把越(yue)女(nv)(nv)(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),又(you)稱36把徽劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),這(zhe)也是(shi)太極(ji)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)發祥(xiang),有(you)歷史(shi)記載,太極(ji)拳的(de)(de)(de)發祥(xiang)是(shi)唐朝歙(she)(she)縣許宣平創立(li)的(de)(de)(de)37式,許大真人也是(shi)傳(chuan)承了越(yue)女(nv)(nv)(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de))叫(jiao)做青(qing)青(qing)的(de)(de)(de)姑(gu)娘從白(bai)猿身上領悟的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa),越(yue)王(wang)勾踐臥薪嘗膽要滅掉吳國,為了訓練士(shi)兵,就在民間廣征高手。有(you)個(ge)女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)來到(dao)軍中(zhong),傳(chuan)了士(shi)兵一(yi)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa),傳(chuan)了以(yi)后,卻不肯留下姓名。后來人們(men)就以(yi)越(yue)女(nv)(nv)(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa)來稱呼這(zhe)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)(fa)。
關于越女劍的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說悠遠,散(san)見于正史和野編,最早、最詳盡(jin)的(de)(de)記載是東(dong)(dong)漢趙曄的(de)(de)《吳越春秋》,在后來的(de)(de)《藝文類聚》及《劍俠傳(chuan)》中亦有記載,小說《東(dong)(dong)周列(lie)國志演義》中也(ye)有。
《吳越春秋(qiu)》中有這樣的記載:
“其(qi)(qi)時越(yue)(yue)王(wang)又問相國(guo)(guo)范蠡曰:‘孤有報復之(zhi)謀,水(shui)戰(zhan)則乘舟,陸(lu)行則乘輿(yu)(yu)。輿(yu)(yu)舟之(zhi)利,頓于兵(bing)弩。今(jin)子為寡人(ren)謀事(shi)(shi),莫不(bu)謬者乎?’范蠡對(dui)曰:‘臣聞(wen)古(gu)之(zhi)圣人(ren),莫不(bu)習戰(zhan)用兵(bing)。然行陣(zhen)、隊伍(wu)、軍鼓之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),吉兇(xiong)決在其(qi)(qi)工(gong)。今(jin)聞(wen)越(yue)(yue)有處女,出于南林(lin),國(guo)(guo)人(ren)稱善。愿王(wang)請之(zhi),立可見。’越(yue)(yue)王(wang)乃(nai)使使聘(pin)之(zhi),問以劍戟之(zhi)術。
“處女(nv)將北見(jian)于王,道(dao)逢(feng)一翁(weng),自(zi)稱曰‘袁(yuan)公’,問于處女(nv)曰:吾聞(wen)子(zi)善劍(jian),愿一見(jian)之。’女(nv)曰:‘妾不敢(gan)多所隱,惟公試之。’于是袁(yuan)公即(ji)杖(zhang)箖箊(竹(zhu)名)竹(zhu),竹(zhu)枝上(shang)頡橋(向(xiang)上(shang)勁挑(tiao)),未墮地(di)(‘未’應(ying)作(zuo)‘末(mo)’,竹(zhu)梢折而跌落),女(nv)即(ji)捷末(mo)(‘捷’應(ying)作(zuo)‘接’,接住竹(zhu)梢)。袁(yuan)公則飛(fei)上(shang)樹,變為(wei)白猿,遂(sui)別去(qu)。
“見(jian)越(yue)王(wang)。越(yue)王(wang)問曰:‘夫劍之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)何?’女(nv)曰:‘妾生(sheng)深林之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),長(chang)于(yu)無人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)野,無道(dao)不習,不達諸侯,竊好(hao)(hao)擊劍之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),誦(song)之(zhi)(zhi)不休。妾非受(shou)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也,而忽自(zi)有之(zhi)(zhi)。’越(yue)王(wang)曰:‘其道(dao)如(ru)(ru)何?’女(nv)曰:‘其道(dao)甚(shen)微而易,其意甚(shen)幽而深。道(dao)有門戶,亦有陰陽(yang)。開(kai)門閉戶,陰衰陽(yang)興(xing),凡手戰(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),內實精神(shen),外(wai)示安儀(yi)。見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)似好(hao)(hao)婦,奪之(zhi)(zhi)似懼虎(看(kan)上(shang)去好(hao)(hao)像溫柔的(de)女(nv)子(zi),一(yi)受(shou)攻擊,立刻便如(ru)(ru)受(shou)到威脅(xie)的(de)猛虎那樣,作出(chu)迅速強(qiang)烈的(de)反應)。布形候(hou)氣,與(yu)神(shen)俱往。杳之(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)日,偏如(ru)(ru)騰兔(tu),追(zhui)形逐影,光若(ruo)仿佛(fo),呼吸往來,不及法(fa)禁,縱橫(heng)逆順(shun),直復不聞。斯道(dao)者,一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)當(dang)百,百人(ren)(ren)(ren)當(dang)萬。王(wang)欲(yu)試(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),其驗即見(jian)。’越(yue)王(wang)即加(jia)女(nv)號(hao),號(hao)曰‘越(yue)女(nv)’。乃命五板(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)墮(‘墮’應作‘隊’)高(‘高’是人(ren)(ren)(ren)名,高隊長(chang))習之(zhi)(zhi)教軍士,當(dang)世莫勝(sheng)越(yue)女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)劍。”
《劍俠(xia)傳(chuan)》則(ze)說:“袁公即挽(wan)林(lin)杪之竹(zhu)似(si)桔槔,末折地,女(nv)接其末。公操其本而刺(ci)女(nv)。女(nv)因舉杖擊之,公即上樹,化(hua)為白猿。”
“桔槔(gao)”是井上汲水的滑(hua)車,當是從(cong)《吳(wu)越春秋》中(zhong)“頡橋”兩(liang)字化(hua)出來的,形(xing)容袁公使動竹枝時的靈動。
當代著名作家(jia)金庸曾據此編寫成短篇小說(shuo)《越女劍》,成為(wei)“飛雪連天射白鹿(lu),笑書神俠倚碧鴛”外的第十五部武(wu)俠小說(shuo)。
在《越女劍(jian)》中,《卅三劍(jian)客圖》中的(de)“趙處女”化名阿青,她以竹枝為劍(jian),斗敗白猿(yuan)。從而引發了一段(duan)吳越爭霸中的(de)傳奇插曲。
《吳越春(chun)秋》記載(zai):
越(yue)王曰:‘其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)如(ru)何?’女(nv)曰:‘其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)甚微(wei)而易,其(qi)(qi)意甚幽而深。道(dao)(dao)有門(men)戶(hu),亦有陰陽。開門(men)閉戶(hu),陰衰陽興。凡手戰之(zhi)道(dao)(dao),內實(shi)精(jing)神,外示安(an)儀。見之(zhi)似(si)好婦,奪(duo)之(zhi)似(si)懼虎(看上去好像溫柔的女(nv)子(zi),一受攻擊,立刻便如(ru)受到威(wei)脅(xie)的猛虎那(nei)樣,作出迅速(su)強(qiang)烈的反(fan)應)。布形(xing)候氣,與(yu)神俱往。杳(yao)之(zhi)若日,偏(pian)如(ru)騰兔,追(zhui)形(xing)逐影,光若仿佛,呼吸往來,不(bu)及法禁,縱橫(heng)逆順,直(zhi)復(fu)不(bu)聞。斯道(dao)(dao)者,一人當(dang)百,百人當(dang)萬(wan)。'