芒果视频下载

基本介紹

刀(dao)日(ri)春蜓（學名：Nihonogomphus cultratus）是春蜓科、日(ri)春蜓屬昆蟲。雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)腹長(chang)36.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米，后(hou)翅23毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米。雌性(xing)(xing)腹長(chang)35毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米，后(hou)翅25毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米。雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)口(kou)器除下(xia)顎和上(shang)顎末端黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)外(wai)(wai)，全部(bu)黃綠(lv)色(se)。臉在前(qian)額與后(hou)唇基(ji)之間(jian)的縫線中(zhong)央有(you)1個(ge)微細(xi)橫(heng)形黑(hei)(hei)斑。頭頂(ding)在單眼上(shang)方(fang)具1條橫(heng)脊(ji)，后(hou)頭脊(ji)在前(qian)面觀(guan)中(zhong)央稍微下(xia)凹。前(qian)胸背(bei)板中(zhong)區中(zhong)央的雙斑甚大(da)(da)。足由基(ji)節至腿節末端約(yue)1/3處橘(ju)黃色(se)，其(qi)余部(bu)分皆黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。腹部(bu)第(di)1、2節背(bei)中(zhong)條紋相(xiang)連，甚闊(kuo)。上(shang)肛(gang)附器外(wai)(wai)側緣(yuan)有(you)3個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)圓形小齒，背(bei)面觀(guan)上(shang)肛(gang)附器端部(bu)向(xiang)內呈(cheng)(cheng)三角(jiao)形擴大(da)(da)。陰囊(nang)末端生有(you)3個(ge)囊(nang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)突起，中(zhong)央的較小；陽莖后(hou)葉(xie)側面觀(guan)呈(cheng)(cheng)水果刀(dao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，該種依(yi)此命名；前(qian)鉤片的前(qian)支(zhi)呈(cheng)(cheng)鐮刀(dao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)鉤曲，后(hou)支(zhi)闕(que)如；后(hou)鉤片囊(nang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，末端呈(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)突，朝向(xiang)向(xiang)中(zhong)的方(fang)向(xiang)鉤曲。雌性(xing)(xing)色(se)彩與雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)基(ji)本相(xiang)同。下(xia)生殖板較短，末端中(zhong)央有(you)1個(ge)大(da)(da)缺刻。

分布(bu)于中(zhong)國河南（確山）。成蟲(chong)出(chu)現時間較早，4-5月(yue)可見(jian)。刀日春蜓一般(ban)在白晝活(huo)動于稚(zhi)蟲(chong)生活(huo)的(de)(de)環境附近。常在河塘(tang)、溪流(liu)處飛翔。刀日春蜓的(de)(de)食物主要是(shi)蜉(fu)蝣稚(zhi)蟲(chong)、蚊類幼蟲(chong)或同類的(de)(de)其(qi)他個體，甚至蝌蚪及(ji)小魚(yu)。

生長與分布

棲息環境

稚(zhi)蟲棲息在水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)砂粒(li)、泥水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)草間，少(shao)數稚(zhi)蟲生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)在林地碎屑或(huo)(huo)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)樹洞中(zhong)或(huo)(huo)爬出水(shui)(shui)(shui)面附(fu)著在巖石的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)膜內。刀日春蜓一般(ban)在白晝(zhou)活(huo)(huo)動于稚(zhi)蟲生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)環(huan)境附(fu)近(jin)。常在河(he)塘、溪流處飛翔。雌性(xing)刀日春蜓喜(xi)歡待(dai)在遠離水(shui)(shui)(shui)源的(de)(de)地方，例如森林附(fu)近(jin)，它在那里更容易獲取食(shi)物。

分布范圍

分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)中國河南(nan)（確山(shan)）。

形態及特征

雄(xiong)性(xing)腹(fu)長(chang)36.5毫(hao)米(mi)，后(hou)翅23毫(hao)米(mi)。雌性(xing)腹(fu)長(chang)35毫(hao)米(mi)，后(hou)翅25毫(hao)米(mi)。

雄性口(kou)器(qi)除(chu)(chu)下(xia)顎和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顎末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)外(wai)，全部(bu)黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)；頭殼前(qian)(qian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)除(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)額(e)(e)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)頭頂(ding)（后(hou)(hou)緣除(chu)(chu)外(wai)）黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)外(wai)，亦(yi)全部(bu)黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。臉在(zai)前(qian)(qian)額(e)(e)與(yu)后(hou)(hou)唇(chun)基之間的(de)(de)(de)縫(feng)線中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)有1個(ge)微細(xi)(xi)橫(heng)(heng)形(xing)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban)；頭殼后(hou)(hou)方除(chu)(chu)沿上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)眼(yan)眶有1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)(heng)形(xing)闊(kuo)(kuo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)外(wai)，余皆(jie)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。頭頂(ding)在(zai)單眼(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方具1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)(heng)脊，后(hou)(hou)頭脊在(zai)前(qian)(qian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)觀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)稍微下(xia)凹。前(qian)(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)斑(ban)甚大(da)，與(yu)側(ce)方甚大(da)黃(huang)斑(ban)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。合(he)胸(xiong)大(da)部(bu)分黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)前(qian)(qian)方、合(he)胸(xiong)脊上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)及(ji)下(xia)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)與(yu)領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，沿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸(xiong)側(ce)縫(feng)具1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，合(he)胸(xiong)脊兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)和(he)沿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸(xiong)側(ce)縫(feng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)線的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)方煙褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，合(he)胸(xiong)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)第(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)氣(qi)門以下(xia)和(he)甚細(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。肩(jian)前(qian)(qian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分離，肩(jian)前(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)點和(he)肩(jian)前(qian)(qian)下(xia)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)甚細(xi)(xi)，黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。足由基節(jie)(jie)至腿節(jie)(jie)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)約1/3處橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，其余部(bu)分皆(jie)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。腹部(bu)第(di)1、2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，甚闊(kuo)(kuo)，兩(liang)(liang)節(jie)(jie)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)包括耳狀突黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)；第(di)3-9節(jie)(jie)具背(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，第(di)3節(jie)(jie)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)而寬(kuan)闊(kuo)(kuo)，伸展全節(jie)(jie)長(chang)，不與(yu)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)(liang)節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)，第(di)4-7節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)縮(suo)短(duan)，為(wei)(wei)各節(jie)(jie)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)2/3-1/2，基方較(jiao)(jiao)闊(kuo)(kuo)，向末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變尖(jian)，第(di)8、9節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)呈(cheng)1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)細(xi)(xi)線，伸抵(di)該(gai)節(jie)(jie)全長(chang)，第(di)3-7節(jie)(jie)均具腹緣條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，第(di)8、9節(jie)(jie)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)甚大(da)；第(di)10節(jie)(jie)橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，基端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)1對(dui)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban)，端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)緣黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)、下(xia)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)均橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)外(wai)側(ce)緣有3個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)圓形(xing)小齒(chi)，背(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)觀上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)向內呈(cheng)三角形(xing)擴大(da)，使上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)呈(cheng)1對(dui)“7”字形(xing)，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)有1個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)小齒(chi)；下(xia)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)長(chang)度約為(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)肛(gang)(gang)附(fu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)1/3，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)裂口(kou)呈(cheng)寬(kuan)“U”形(xing)。陰囊末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)生(sheng)有3個(ge)囊狀突起(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)小，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)有黑(hei)(hei)(hei)毛，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，3個(ge)突起(qi)之間為(wei)(wei)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)凹槽，陽莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)2鞭(bian)置放其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；陽莖(jing)后(hou)(hou)葉(xie)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)觀呈(cheng)水(shui)果刀狀，該(gai)種依此命名；前(qian)(qian)鉤(gou)片的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)支呈(cheng)鐮刀狀鉤(gou)曲，后(hou)(hou)支闕如；后(hou)(hou)鉤(gou)片囊狀，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)呈(cheng)角狀突，朝向向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方向鉤(gou)曲。

雌性色彩與雄性基本相同。下(xia)生殖板(ban)較短，末端中央有1個大缺刻。

生活習性

成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)出現(xian)時間較早(zao)，4-5月(yue)可見(jian)。刀日春(chun)蜓(ting)一般以(yi)卵或(huo)稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)在水(shui)中(zhong)越冬(dong)，少數種(zhong)類成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)也(ye)可冬(dong)眠。刀日春(chun)蜓(ting)屬不(bu)完全變態(tai)。生活史(shi)只經(jing)卵、稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)和成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)3個階段(duan)。各(ge)階段(duan)歷(li)期長(chang)短不(bu)同種(zhong)類間差異很大(da)。卵經(jing)過5-230天孵化出包(bao)被(bei)在薄幾丁質膜(mo)鞘(qiao)中(zhong)的“預稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)”，經(jing)幾秒至數十分鐘后，脫(tuo)去膜(mo)鞘(qiao)進入第二(er)齡期，成(cheng)為能(neng)自(zi)由活動于水(shui)中(zhong)的稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)俗稱(cheng)水(shui)蠆。

刀(dao)日(ri)春蜓(ting)的(de)食物主要(yao)是蜉(fu)蝣稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)、蚊類幼(you)蟲(chong)或同類的(de)其(qi)他個(ge)體，甚(shen)至(zhi)蝌蚪及小(xiao)魚。稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)期要(yao)經(jing)9-15齡(ling)才(cai)能(neng)發育成熟。老熟稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)爬(pa)出水(shui)面，結束(shu)了水(shui)中生活，附著在石頭、植物或其(qi)他物體上，脫(tuo)去(qu)外殼進入(ru)成蟲(chong)期。剛(gang)出來(lai)的(de)成蟲(chong)身(shen)體柔軟，要(yao)經(jing)過數(shu)小(xiao)時或幾(ji)晝夜時間硬(ying)化體殼，隨著體液(ye)循環，翅芽(ya)伸張(zhang)挺直，體色與斑紋也(ye)逐漸鮮明(ming)，這時刀(dao)日(ri)春蜓(ting)才(cai)有能(neng)力(li)飛離蛻皮處，到廣闊(kuo)天空中翱翔。

繁殖方式

交(jiao)(jiao)尾：性成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲在交(jiao)(jiao)尾前(qian)，先(xian)使(shi)腹部向前(qian)彎曲(qu)(qu)，將(jiang)第9腹節生殖(zhi)孔(kong)移到第2、3腹節下面與(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)合器的(de)(de)次生陽(yang)莖對(dui)接，把精包（由帶狀黏膜把精子包纏卷裹形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)）通(tong)過(guo)陽(yang)莖貯(zhu)存于(yu)陰囊內。在完成(cheng)(cheng)精子轉移之后，雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲即在空中追逐雌蟲，并用腹部末端的(de)(de)肛附器握住雌蟲的(de)(de)相關部位，雌蟲用六足抱住雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲的(de)(de)腹部，自動彎曲(qu)(qu)腹部，把腹端生殖(zhi)孔(kong)伸達雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲第2節與(yu)次生陽(yang)莖對(dui)接起來(lai)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)個環狀串連。

產卵(luan)(luan)：交尾結(jie)束后，雌蟲很(hen)快(kuai)產卵(luan)(luan)。卵(luan)(luan)產在植物(wu)體內或水中及其附(fu)近物(wu)體上。

價值及其他

主要價值

刀日春(chun)蜓(ting)是有益于人類的一(yi)類重要的天敵昆(kun)蟲(chong)和水質(zhi)環(huan)境的指示昆(kun)蟲(chong)。

保護現狀

列入《世界自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護聯盟瀕危物種紅色(se)名錄》（IUCN 2007年 ver 3.1）——無(wu)危（LC）。