芒果视频下载

基本介紹

刀日春蜓(ting)（學(xue)名(ming)：Nihonogomphus cultratus）是春蜓(ting)科、日春蜓(ting)屬昆蟲。雄(xiong)性(xing)腹(fu)長(chang)(chang)36.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，后(hou)翅23毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。雌性(xing)腹(fu)長(chang)(chang)35毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，后(hou)翅25毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。雄(xiong)性(xing)口器(qi)除(chu)下顎和上顎末(mo)端(duan)黑(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)外，全部(bu)(bu)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)。臉在(zai)(zai)前(qian)額與(yu)(yu)后(hou)唇(chun)基之間的(de)(de)縫(feng)線中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)1個微(wei)細(xi)橫形(xing)黑(hei)斑(ban)。頭(tou)頂在(zai)(zai)單眼上方具(ju)1條橫脊(ji)，后(hou)頭(tou)脊(ji)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)面(mian)觀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央稍微(wei)下凹。前(qian)胸(xiong)背板中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)雙斑(ban)甚大(da)(da)。足(zu)由基節至腿節末(mo)端(duan)約1/3處(chu)橘黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)，其余部(bu)(bu)分(fen)皆(jie)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)第1、2節背中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條紋(wen)相(xiang)連，甚闊。上肛(gang)附器(qi)外側緣有(you)3個黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)圓形(xing)小齒，背面(mian)觀上肛(gang)附器(qi)端(duan)部(bu)(bu)向(xiang)內(nei)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三角(jiao)形(xing)擴大(da)(da)。陰囊(nang)末(mo)端(duan)生有(you)3個囊(nang)狀(zhuang)突起，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)較小；陽(yang)莖(jing)后(hou)葉側面(mian)觀呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水果刀狀(zhuang)，該種依此命名(ming)；前(qian)鉤(gou)片(pian)的(de)(de)前(qian)支呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐮刀狀(zhuang)鉤(gou)曲，后(hou)支闕如；后(hou)鉤(gou)片(pian)囊(nang)狀(zhuang)，末(mo)端(duan)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)突，朝(chao)向(xiang)向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)鉤(gou)曲。雌性(xing)色(se)(se)(se)彩與(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)性(xing)基本相(xiang)同(tong)。下生殖板較短，末(mo)端(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)1個大(da)(da)缺(que)刻。

分布于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)河南（確(que)山）。成蟲(chong)出(chu)現時間(jian)較早，4-5月可見。刀日(ri)春(chun)蜓(ting)一般在白晝活(huo)動于(yu)(yu)稚蟲(chong)生活(huo)的(de)環境附近(jin)。常在河塘、溪流處飛翔。刀日(ri)春(chun)蜓(ting)的(de)食物主(zhu)要是(shi)蜉蝣稚蟲(chong)、蚊(wen)類幼蟲(chong)或同(tong)類的(de)其他(ta)個體，甚至蝌蚪及小(xiao)魚。

生長與分布

棲息環境

稚(zhi)蟲棲息(xi)在(zai)水中砂粒、泥(ni)水或(huo)水草間(jian)，少數稚(zhi)蟲生活在(zai)林地(di)碎屑或(huo)積水的(de)(de)樹洞中或(huo)爬出水面附(fu)著在(zai)巖(yan)石的(de)(de)水膜(mo)內。刀日(ri)春蜓一般在(zai)白晝活動于稚(zhi)蟲生活的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)附(fu)近(jin)。常在(zai)河塘、溪流處飛翔(xiang)。雌性刀日(ri)春蜓喜(xi)歡待(dai)在(zai)遠(yuan)離水源(yuan)的(de)(de)地(di)方，例如森林附(fu)近(jin)，它在(zai)那(nei)里更(geng)容易獲取(qu)食物。

分布范圍

分布(bu)于中國河南（確山）。

形態及特征

雄(xiong)性腹長36.5毫(hao)(hao)米，后翅23毫(hao)(hao)米。雌性腹長35毫(hao)(hao)米，后翅25毫(hao)(hao)米。

雄性口(kou)器除下(xia)顎(e)(e)和上(shang)顎(e)(e)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)外(wai)，全部(bu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)；頭(tou)殼(ke)前面(mian)除上(shang)額后(hou)(hou)(hou)端(duan)(duan)(duan)和頭(tou)頂（后(hou)(hou)(hou)緣除外(wai)）黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)外(wai)，亦全部(bu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)。臉在前額與(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)唇基(ji)之(zhi)間的縫線中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)1個微(wei)細橫形黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban)；頭(tou)殼(ke)后(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)除沿上(shang)眼眶(kuang)有(you)(you)1條(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫形闊(kuo)紋(wen)外(wai)，余(yu)皆(jie)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。頭(tou)頂在單眼上(shang)方(fang)(fang)具1條(tiao)(tiao)橫脊，后(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)脊在前面(mian)觀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)稍微(wei)下(xia)凹(ao)(ao)。前胸背(bei)板中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)的雙斑(ban)甚大(da)，與(yu)側方(fang)(fang)甚大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)斑(ban)相連。合胸大(da)部(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)，領條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)前方(fang)(fang)、合胸脊上(shang)端(duan)(duan)(duan)及下(xia)端(duan)(duan)(duan)與(yu)領條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)相連，沿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸側縫具1條(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)紋(wen)，合胸脊兩(liang)側和沿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胸側縫黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)線的前方(fang)(fang)煙褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)，合胸側面(mian)第(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)在氣門以下(xia)和甚細的第(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。肩(jian)前條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)分(fen)離(li)，肩(jian)前上(shang)點和肩(jian)前下(xia)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)甚細，黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。足由基(ji)節(jie)(jie)至腿節(jie)(jie)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)約1/3處橘黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，其余(yu)部(bu)分(fen)皆(jie)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。腹部(bu)第(di)1、2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)相連，甚闊(kuo)，兩(liang)節(jie)(jie)側面(mian)包括耳(er)狀(zhuang)突(tu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)；第(di)3-9節(jie)(jie)具背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)，第(di)3節(jie)(jie)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)長(chang)而寬(kuan)闊(kuo)，伸(shen)展全節(jie)(jie)長(chang)，不與(yu)前后(hou)(hou)(hou)兩(liang)節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)相連，第(di)4-7節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)縮短，為(wei)各(ge)節(jie)(jie)長(chang)的2/3-1/2，基(ji)方(fang)(fang)較闊(kuo)，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)變尖(jian)，第(di)8、9節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1條(tiao)(tiao)細線，伸(shen)抵(di)該節(jie)(jie)全長(chang)，第(di)3-7節(jie)(jie)均(jun)具腹緣條(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)，第(di)8、9節(jie)(jie)兩(liang)側橘黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)甚大(da)；第(di)10節(jie)(jie)橘黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)，基(ji)端(duan)(duan)(duan)是1對黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)斑(ban)，端(duan)(duan)(duan)緣黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)肛附(fu)(fu)器、下(xia)肛附(fu)(fu)器均(jun)橘黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)肛附(fu)(fu)器外(wai)側緣有(you)(you)3個黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)圓形小齒，背(bei)面(mian)觀上(shang)肛附(fu)(fu)器端(duan)(duan)(duan)部(bu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)角形擴大(da)，使上(shang)肛附(fu)(fu)器呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1對“7”字形，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)1個黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)小齒；下(xia)肛附(fu)(fu)器長(chang)度約為(wei)上(shang)肛附(fu)(fu)器的1/3，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)裂(lie)口(kou)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寬(kuan)“U”形。陰囊(nang)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)生有(you)(you)3個囊(nang)狀(zhuang)突(tu)起(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)的較小，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)毛，兩(liang)側的較大(da)，3個突(tu)起(qi)之(zhi)間為(wei)2條(tiao)(tiao)凹(ao)(ao)槽，陽(yang)莖(jing)的2鞭置放(fang)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；陽(yang)莖(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)葉側面(mian)觀呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)果(guo)刀狀(zhuang)，該種依(yi)此命名；前鉤(gou)片的前支(zhi)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐮刀狀(zhuang)鉤(gou)曲，后(hou)(hou)(hou)支(zhi)闕如(ru)；后(hou)(hou)(hou)鉤(gou)片囊(nang)狀(zhuang)，末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角狀(zhuang)突(tu)，朝向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鉤(gou)曲。

雌性(xing)色彩與雄(xiong)性(xing)基本(ben)相同。下生(sheng)殖板較(jiao)短(duan)，末(mo)端中(zhong)央(yang)有1個大缺刻。

生活習性

成蟲(chong)(chong)出現時間(jian)較(jiao)早，4-5月可見。刀(dao)日(ri)春蜓(ting)一般(ban)以(yi)卵或(huo)稚蟲(chong)(chong)在水中越冬，少數(shu)種類成蟲(chong)(chong)也可冬眠。刀(dao)日(ri)春蜓(ting)屬(shu)不完全變(bian)態(tai)。生活史只經卵、稚蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)成蟲(chong)(chong)3個階段。各階段歷期長(chang)短不同種類間(jian)差異很大。卵經過5-230天孵化出包被在薄幾丁質膜鞘中的“預稚蟲(chong)(chong)”，經幾秒(miao)至數(shu)十分鐘后，脫去膜鞘進入第二(er)齡期，成為能自由(you)活動于(yu)水中的稚蟲(chong)(chong)俗稱水蠆。

刀(dao)日春蜓(ting)的(de)食物(wu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是蜉蝣稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚊類(lei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)或同類(lei)的(de)其他個體(ti)，甚至蝌蚪及小魚。稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)9-15齡才(cai)能發育(yu)成熟。老熟稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)爬(pa)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)面，結(jie)束了水(shui)中(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)，附著(zhu)在石頭、植物(wu)或其他物(wu)體(ti)上，脫去外殼進入成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)。剛出(chu)(chu)來的(de)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)身體(ti)柔軟，要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過數小時或幾晝夜(ye)時間(jian)硬化體(ti)殼，隨著(zhu)體(ti)液循環，翅(chi)芽伸張挺直，體(ti)色與斑紋也逐漸鮮明，這時刀(dao)日春蜓(ting)才(cai)有能力(li)飛(fei)離蛻皮處(chu)，到廣闊天(tian)空中(zhong)翱翔。

繁殖方式

交(jiao)尾：性(xing)成(cheng)熟的(de)雄(xiong)蟲(chong)在(zai)交(jiao)尾前，先使腹(fu)部(bu)向前彎曲，將第9腹(fu)節生殖孔(kong)(kong)移到(dao)第2、3腹(fu)節下(xia)面與交(jiao)合器的(de)次(ci)生陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)對接，把(ba)精(jing)(jing)包(bao)（由(you)帶狀黏(nian)膜把(ba)精(jing)(jing)子包(bao)纏卷裹形(xing)成(cheng)）通(tong)過陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)貯存于陰囊(nang)內。在(zai)完成(cheng)精(jing)(jing)子轉移之后，雄(xiong)蟲(chong)即(ji)在(zai)空中追(zhui)逐雌蟲(chong)，并用(yong)腹(fu)部(bu)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)的(de)肛(gang)附器握住雌蟲(chong)的(de)相(xiang)關部(bu)位，雌蟲(chong)用(yong)六足抱(bao)住雄(xiong)蟲(chong)的(de)腹(fu)部(bu)，自動彎曲腹(fu)部(bu)，把(ba)腹(fu)端(duan)(duan)生殖孔(kong)(kong)伸達雄(xiong)蟲(chong)第2節與次(ci)生陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)對接起來，形(xing)成(cheng)個環狀串連(lian)。

產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)：交尾結束后，雌蟲很快(kuai)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。卵(luan)產(chan)(chan)在植物體(ti)內或(huo)水中及其附近物體(ti)上。

價值及其他

主要價值

刀日春蜓是有益于人類的(de)一(yi)類重(zhong)要的(de)天敵昆蟲和水(shui)質(zhi)環境的(de)指示昆蟲。

保護現狀

列入(ru)《世界自(zi)然保護聯盟瀕危(wei)物種(zhong)紅色名錄》（IUCN 2007年 ver 3.1）——無危(wei)（LC）。