我們(men)選擇登(deng)月(yue) (We Choose to Go to the Moon,又(you)譯《我們(men)決(jue)定登(deng)月(yue)》)是(shi)美國(guo)前(qian)總(zong)統(tong)約翰(han)·費茨杰拉德·肯尼迪(John Fitzgerald Kennedy)于(yu)(yu)1962年(nian)9月(yue)12日(ri)在(zai)賴斯大學的一篇關于(yu)(yu)航天事業的演講。之后,這篇演講被(bei)視(shi)為阿波羅(luo)登(deng)月(yue)計劃奠基的第(di)一鏟土。肯尼迪本人于(yu)(yu)1963年(nian)遇刺身亡(wang),登(deng)月(yue)計劃由林登(deng)·約翰(han)遜總(zong)統(tong)與尼克松總(zong)統(tong)接(jie)管。經過(guo)不懈努(nu)力(li),終(zhong)于(yu)(yu)在(zai)1969年(nian)7月(yue)成功(gong)將人類送上(shang)了月(yue)球。
We Choose to Go to the Moon
我們決定登月
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
約翰(han)·費(fei)茨(ci)杰拉德·肯尼迪(di)
September 12, 1962
1962年9月12日
Rice Stadium
賴斯(大學(xue)的)體育場
President Pitzer, Mr.Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
皮茨校長,副總統,州長,眾議員托(tuo)馬斯(si),參議員維利,眾議員米(mi)勒,韋伯(bo)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng),比爾先(xian)(xian)生(sheng),科學(xue)家們(men),尊敬(jing)的來賓,女士們(men)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)們(men):
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
我十分感激你們(men)的(de)(de)校長授(shou)予(yu)我名譽客座教授(shou)的(de)(de)頭銜(xian),并且我向各位保證我的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)個演講(jiang)會十分簡潔。
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
我(wo)很(hen)高興來(lai)到這里,特別是在這個(ge)時候來(lai)到這里。
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance.
我(wo)們(men)在這(zhe)個(ge)以知識(shi)聞(wen)名的(de)大學,在這(zhe)個(ge)以進步聞(wen)名的(de)城市,在這(zhe)個(ge)以實力聞(wen)名的(de)州府相(xiang)會。并且(qie)我(wo)們(men)需(xu)要它(ta)們(men)全部(bu)三者(zhe),因為我(wo)們(men)正處于一個(ge)變(bian)化(hua)與挑戰的(de)時(shi)刻,希望與恐懼交織的(de)十年,知識(shi)與愚(yu)昧并存的(de)時(shi)代(dai)。
The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
我們獲取的(de)知識越多(duo),我們顯露(lu)出的(de)無(wu)知也(ye)就越多(duo)。
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
盡(jin)管顯著(zhu)的(de)事實表明(ming):享譽(yu)世界(jie)的(de)科學家(jia)們(men)仍(reng)在艱苦工作,盡(jin)管我國(guo)的(de)科研力量以每12年翻(fan)一倍的(de)速(su)度(du)增長、總體超過了人口增長速(su)度(du)的(de)三倍。盡(jin)管如此,宇宙中未(wei)知之(zhi)域、未(wei)解之(zhi)謎和未(wei)竟(jing)之(zhi)事的(de)范圍之(zhi)廣,仍(reng)然(ran)遠遠超出了我們(men)所有(you)人的(de)理解能力。
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50,000 years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century.
沒人(ren)能夠斷(duan)言我們能走(zou)多遠,能走(zou)多快(kuai)。但(dan)如果你愿(yuan)意(yi),將(jiang)5萬年的(de)人(ren)類歷(li)史濃縮為短短的(de)半個世紀。
Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them.
在(zai)(zai)這個時間(jian)跨(kua)度下,我(wo)們對于開(kai)始的40年(nian)知之甚少(shao),除了(le)在(zai)(zai)最后階段我(wo)們學會了(le)用獸(shou)皮遮體。
Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter.
接下來,在此標準之下,10年前,人類走出洞(dong)穴,開始(shi)建造新的家園。
Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels.
五(wu)年前人類才(cai)學會了寫字和使用有輪(lun)子的車輛。
Christianity began less than two years ago.
基督教產(chan)生于不到兩年(nian)前。
The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power.
印刷出版今(jin)年(nian)才出現。在人類歷史的50年(nian)間(jian),在不(bu)到兩個(ge)月(yue)前,蒸汽機為(wei)我們提供了新的動力。
Newton explored the meaning of gravity.
牛頓發(fa)現了引力的意義。
Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available.
上個月,電燈(deng),電話,汽(qi)車(che)和飛機成(cheng)為了現實。
Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
僅僅上周我(wo)們才發明了(le)盤尼西林(即青霉素,譯者注(zhu)),電(dian)視(shi)與核能(neng)。如果現在美國(guo)最(zui)新(xin)的飛船能(neng)夠成(cheng)功抵達金星(xing),那么我(wo)們才真正(zheng)算得上在今天午夜抵達其他星(xing)球了(le)。
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers.
這是激動人心的一步(bu),但邁出的這一步(bu)在(zai)驅散舊(jiu)邪惡的同時,也會派生出新邪惡,新無知、新問(wen)題和新危險。
Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
太空所展現的(de)遠景固然會(hui)得到巨大的(de)回報,但同(tong)時也會(hui)伴隨著巨大的(de)困(kun)難與高昂(ang)的(de)代價。
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait.
所以并不(bu)(bu)意外(wai),有時我們會在裹足(zu)不(bu)(bu)前,焦急等待。
But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them.
但休(xiu)斯(si)敦市,德克薩(sa)斯(si)州(zhou)與美利堅(jian)合眾(zhong)國不(bu)是由那些止步(bu)不(bu)前,安于現狀,甘愿落(luo)后的人建立的。
This country was conquered by those who moved forward--and so will space.
這個國家是由那些不斷前(qian)進的人(ren)所征服的,太空也是如此。
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
威廉(lian)·布(bu)拉德(de)福德(de),曾在(zai)1630年的(de)普利(li)茅斯港殖民地的(de)建立儀(yi)式上說,所有偉大而(er)光榮的(de)行(xing)動都伴隨著(zhu)巨大的(de)困(kun)難,而(er)完成這(zhe)些行(xing)動必須具備不斷進(jin)取(qu)的(de)精神和與之相當的(de)勇氣。
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred.
如果說這段(duan)簡(jian)短(duan)而充滿(man)進步的(de)(de)歷史能(neng)給我們什么樣的(de)(de)教訓,那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi),人(ren)類在(zai)探求(qiu)知識(shi)和進步的(de)(de)過程中是(shi)堅(jian)定不移,并無可阻擋的(de)(de)。
The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
無論我們參(can)加與(yu)否,太空探索(suo)終將繼續。無論何(he)時它都是一場(chang)(chang)偉大的冒險,沒有任何(he)一個期望領先世界的國家想(xiang)在這場(chang)(chang)太空競(jing)賽中止步。
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space.
我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)先輩使這個國家掀(xian)起了工業革(ge)命的(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮,掀(xian)起了現代發明的(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮,掀(xian)起了核能(neng)技術的(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮。而我(wo)們(men)這一代絕不會(hui)甘愿在(zai)即將到來的(de)(de)太空時(shi)代的(de)(de)浪潮中倒下。
We mean to be a part of it--we mean to lead it.
我(wo)們要(yao)加入其中――我(wo)們要(yao)領先世(shi)界。
For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace.
為(wei)了如今仰望(wang)太空,注視月球和遙看(kan)繁星的(de)人們,我(wo)(wo)們發誓,我(wo)(wo)們決(jue)不允許太空被那些敵(di)對國家(原文為(wei)旗幟,譯者注)所征服,我(wo)(wo)們會看(kan)到自由與和平的(de)旗幟在飄揚。
We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
我(wo)們發誓(shi)我(wo)們不會看(kan)到(dao)太空遍(bian)布大(da)規模殺傷性(xing)武器,而是(shi)充滿了獲取(qu)知(zhi)識的工(gong)具。
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first.
這個承諾只有在我(wo)(wo)國領先的情況下才能履行。因此(ci),我(wo)(wo)們即將付諸行動(dong)。
In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
簡(jian)而言之(zhi),我(wo)們(men)在科學和工業上的領(ling)(ling)導地位,我(wo)們(men)對于(yu)和平與安全的渴望(wang),我(wo)們(men)對于(yu)自身和他人的責任,它們(men)要(yao)求我(wo)們(men)做出努力(li),為了全人類的利益(yi)而努力(li)解開這些謎(mi)團,成(cheng)為世界領(ling)(ling)先的航(hang)天國家(jia)。
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people.
為(wei)(wei)了獲取(qu)新(xin)知識,贏得新(xin)權利,我(wo)們在這全(quan)新(xin)的領域內揚(yang)帆起航。我(wo)們必(bi)須獲取(qu)并運用(yong)權利。為(wei)(wei)了全(quan)人類的進步(bu),我(wo)們踏(ta)上(shang)新(xin)的航程。
For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own.
空(kong)間科(ke)學,正(zheng)如核科(ke)學以及(ji)其他(ta)一切科(ke)技,本身并(bing)無道德可(ke)言。
Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war.
它的善惡完全取(qu)決(jue)于人類(lei)。并且只(zhi)有當(dang)美利堅合眾(zhong)國(guo)獲得一個卓越的地位之(zhi)時,才能幫助(zhu)決(jue)定這片新的領(ling)域最終(zhong)成為和平的海(hai)洋還是變成另一個恐(kong)怖的戰(zhan)爭(zheng)悲劇。
I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
我(wo)不認(ren)為我(wo)們應該或者必須對敵(di)人濫用太(tai)空(kong)比對敵(di)人濫用陸地和海洋更(geng)加無動于衷。但是我(wo)確實要說,太(tai)空(kong)能(neng)夠避免在被戰(zhan)火(huo)吞噬的(de)情況下,在不重蹈戰(zhan)爭覆(fu)轍的(de)情況下開發和利用。
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet.
在太空還沒有(you)競爭,偏見(jian)和國(guo)家沖突。
Its hazards are hostile to us all.
我們所有人都(dou)要面對太空的危險。
Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.
太空值得(de)全人類盡最(zui)大的力(li)量征服,而且和平合作(zuo)的機會可能永遠(yuan)不會重(zhong)來。
But why, some say, the moon?
但有人問,為什(shen)么選擇登月?
Why choose this as our goal?
為什(shen)么選擇登(deng)月作(zuo)為我們的(de)目(mu)標(biao)?
And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain?
那他們(men)也許會問為什么我們(men)要登上最高的山(shan)峰?
Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic?
為什么(me),要(yao)在35年(nian)前,飛越大西洋?
Why does Rice play Texas?
為什么賴斯大學要與(yu)德克薩斯大學競賽?
We choose to go to the moon.
我們決定登月。
We choose to go to the moon.
我們決定登月。
We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.
我們(men)(men)決定在這(zhe)十年間(jian)登(deng)上月球并實(shi)(shi)現更多夢(meng)想,并非它們(men)(men)輕而(er)易舉(ju),而(er)正是因(yin)為它們(men)(men)困(kun)難重重。因(yin)為這(zhe)個(ge)目標將促進我們(men)(men)實(shi)(shi)現最佳的組織并測試我們(men)(men)頂(ding)尖的技術和(he)力量,因(yin)為這(zhe)個(ge)挑戰(zhan)我們(men)(men)樂于(yu)接受,因(yin)為這(zhe)個(ge)挑戰(zhan)我們(men)(men)不愿推遲,因(yin)為這(zhe)個(ge)挑戰(zhan)我們(men)(men)志在必得,其他的挑戰(zhan)也是如此。
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
正(zheng)是因為這些理由,我決(jue)(jue)定將(jiang)去年關(guan)于提升航天計劃的(de)決(jue)(jue)定作(zuo)為我在本屆總統任期內最(zui)重要的(de)決(jue)(jue)定之一。
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history.
在過(guo)去(qu)的24小時(shi)里(li)我(wo)們看(kan)到(dao)一些(xie)設施已經為(wei)人類歷史上最偉大而復雜的探險而建立(li)起來。
We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10,000 automobiles with their accelerators on the floor.
我們感受到了土星(xing)C-1火箭試驗產生(sheng)的(de)(de)震動和(he)沖擊,它比把約翰(han)·格倫送入太空的(de)(de)擎天神火箭還(huan)要強大好幾(ji)倍,可以產生(sheng)相當于1萬(wan)輛汽(qi)車的(de)(de)功率(lv)。
We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48-storey structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
我(wo)們(men)看到(dao)了5個(ge)(ge)F-1火(huo)箭引擎,每(mei)一個(ge)(ge)都相當于8個(ge)(ge)土星火(huo)箭引擎的功率,它們(men)將(jiang)會(hui)用(yong)于建(jian)造更先進的土星火(huo)箭,在(zai)卡納維拉爾角即將(jiang)興建(jian)的48層大樓(lou)中組裝起來(lai)。這幢(chuang)建(jian)筑寬一個(ge)(ge)街(jie)區,長度超過我(wo)們(men)現在(zai)所在(zai)的這個(ge)(ge)體育場的兩倍。
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
在過去的(de)19個(ge)月(yue)里至少有45顆(ke)衛(wei)星(xing)進入地球(qiu)軌道(dao),其中大約40顆(ke)標(biao)著“美利堅合眾國制(zhi)造(zao)”的(de)標(biao)記(ji),它們比蘇聯(lian)的(de)衛(wei)星(xing)更加精密,能為世界人民提供(gong)更多的(de)知識。
The Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science.
正(zheng)在飛向金星(xing)的(de)水手號飛船(chuan)是空間(jian)科學史上(shang)最復雜(za)的(de)裝置。
The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
其精確程度比得上在卡(ka)納(na)維(wei)拉(la)爾角發(fa)射的一枚導彈(dan)直(zhi)接擊中(zhong)這個(ge)體育(yu)場的40碼線(xian)之(zhi)間。
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course.
海事衛星(xing)將使海上的(de)船只(zhi)航行更加安全。
Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
氣(qi)象衛星可以提前帶給我們(men)颶風(feng)與(yu)風(feng)暴預警,它(ta)同樣也可以用于(yu)森林(lin)火災(zai)與(yu)冰山預警。
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them.
我們經(jing)歷過(guo)失(shi)敗(bai),但是(shi)別人也經(jing)歷過(guo),即(ji)便他們不會(hui)承認。
And they may be less public.
因此它們可能并(bing)不為人所知(zhi)。
To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight.
顯然,我們正落后(hou)(hou)于人(ren),并且在載人(ren)航天方面還(huan)將繼續落后(hou)(hou)一段時間。
But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.
但是(shi)我們絕不會(hui)處于下風,在這十年間(jian),我們將會(hui)迎頭趕上。
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school.
我們(men)在科學(xue)(xue)和教育獲得的進(jin)展(zhan)將豐富我們(men)關于宇宙與環(huan)境的新知識,新經驗,繪(hui)圖與觀測技(ji)術,用于工業,醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)和家(jia)庭的新工具(ju)和計算(suan)機,所(suo)有的一切都將促(cu)進(jin)科學(xue)(xue)和教育的發展(zhan)。
Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
像賴斯大學這樣(yang)的技術院校(xiao)將會因此受益。
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs.
最終,盡管航天事業(ye)本身仍然處于童(tong)年,它(ta)已經催生了許多(duo)公(gong)司和數(shu)以千計的新興工作。
Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth.
航天與其(qi)他相關工業對(dui)投資和特殊技術人員產生了新的需求。并且這個(ge)城市,這個(ge)州(zhou)和這個(ge)地區將(jiang)會極大地受益(yi)于這種增長。
What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space.
西部(bu)的(de)舊邊界將(jiang)會成為空間(jian)科(ke)學的(de)新邊界。
Houston, your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community.
休斯敦(dun),你們的休斯敦(dun)市,以及它的載人航(hang)天中心(xin),將(jiang)會成(cheng)為(wei)一個巨大的科學(xue)與工程共同體的命脈。
During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to $60 million a year; to invest some $200 million in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over $1 billion from this center in this city.
接下(xia)來5年,國(guo)家航空航天局希望(wang)(wang)(wang)這(zhe)里的(de)科學家和(he)工(gong)程師數量翻倍,希望(wang)(wang)(wang)將工(gong)資和(he)開支提(ti)高(gao)到每(mei)年6千萬美元,希望(wang)(wang)(wang)在工(gong)廠(chang)和(he)實驗(yan)設施上得到2億(yi)美元的(de)投資,希望(wang)(wang)(wang)指導或(huo)與這(zhe)個城市的(de)航天中心(xin)簽(qian)訂超過10億(yi)美元的(de)合同。
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money.
顯(xian)而易見,這些會(hui)花掉我(wo)們一大筆錢。
This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined.
今(jin)年的航天預算是1961年元(yuan)月的三倍,比過(guo)去八年的總和還要(yao)多(duo)。
That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year--a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year.
預(yu)算現在保持在每(mei)年54億美(mei)元――一個令人震驚的數(shu)目,盡管還稍(shao)小于我們在香煙和雪茄上所消(xiao)耗的年消(xiao)費(fei)額。
Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority--even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us.
航天支(zhi)出很(hen)快(kuai)就(jiu)會(hui)從(cong)全國(guo)人均每周40美分(fen)上(shang)(shang)升到每周50美分(fen),因為我(wo)們賦予了這個計劃極高的國(guo)家優先權――即使我(wo)認識到,目前(qian)這個目標從(cong)某(mou)種(zhong)程度(du)上(shang)(shang)來說還停留在信念與夢想中(zhong),因為我(wo)們無從(cong)知(zhi)曉人們將會(hui)從(cong)中(zhong)獲得怎樣的收益。
But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun--almost as hot as it is here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out--then we must be bold.
但是(shi)我想說,我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同胞們(men)。讓(rang)我們(men)向那(nei)個(ge)距離休斯敦(dun)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中心(xin)遠隔24萬英里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)月球發射(she)一(yi)枚超過 300 英尺高,與這個(ge)橄欖(lan)球場長度(du)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火箭(jian)。這枚火箭(jian)采(cai)用(yong)了新型(xing)合(he)金(jin)材料,其(qi)耐(nai)熱(re)(re)性(xing)與抗壓性(xing)比現(xian)在使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料強好幾(ji)倍(bei),只是(shi)個(ge)別(bie)部分還是(shi)未(wei)知數。其(qi)裝(zhuang)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)密程度(du)堪比最(zui)精(jing)(jing)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手表。它運載著用(yong)于推進,導航,控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),通(tong)訊,食(shi)品(pin)和維(wei)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種設備,肩負著前所未(wei)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使命,登上那(nei)個(ge)未(wei)知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天體,之后安全返(fan)回地球。以超過2萬5千英里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)速(su)重返(fan)大(da)氣層,由此(ci)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)大(da)約是(shi)太陽溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半,像此(ci)時(shi)此(ci)地一(yi)樣熱(re)(re)――如果我們(men)要在這10年(nian)間,正確(que)地實現(xian)這些目標――那(nei)我們(men)必須敢做敢為(wei)。
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
我一個人(ren)做(zuo)了所有這些工作,所以我們想讓你(ni)們冷靜一會。
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid.
然而,我認為(wei)我們(men)正在付諸實踐,我們(men)必須為(wei)所必為(wei)。
I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job.
我(wo)并(bing)不覺得我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該(gai)浪(lang)費錢,但我(wo)認為我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該(gai)付諸實(shi)踐(jian)。
And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties.
這些應該在60年代(dai)實現。
It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university.
它有可能在你們還在中學,這(zhe)所(suo)學院(yuan)或大學時實現。
It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform.
它(ta)將會在臺上諸位的(de)任期之內實現。
But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade.
它必將完成,并且應(ying)當在這(zhe)十(shi)年結束之(zhi)前完成。
And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
我很高興這所大學能夠作為載人(ren)登月工程的(de)(de)一部分,能夠作為美利堅合眾國國家事(shi)業的(de)(de)一部分。
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
很(hen)多(duo)年前,偉大(da)的英國(guo)探險(xian)家(jia)喬治·馬拉里(li)在攀登(deng)珠(zhu)(zhu)穆朗瑪峰時遇難。曾(ceng)經有人問他(ta)為什(shen)么要攀登(deng)珠(zhu)(zhu)峰,他(ta)回答說,“因為它就在那(nei)兒。”
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there.
好的,太空就在那兒(er)(er)(er),而我們將投入探索。月球和其他星(xing)球就在那兒(er)(er)(er),獲得(de)知識與和平的新希(xi)望就在那兒(er)(er)(er)。
And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
因此,在我們啟程之時,我們祈求上帝能夠保(bao)佑這個(ge)人類有史(shi)以(yi)來(lai)所從(cong)事(shi)的最(zui)具風險,危險與最(zui)偉大的歷險。
Thank you.
謝謝你們。
President Pitzer, Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50 thousand years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century. Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them. Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter. Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels. Christianity began less than two years ago. The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power. Newton explored the meaning of gravity. Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers. Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait. But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward—and so will space.
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?
We choose to go to the Moon! We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too.
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10 thousand automobiles with their accelerators on the floor. We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48 story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
The Mariner spacecraft... (interrupted by applause) the Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science. The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course. Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them. And they may be less public.
To be sure,... (interrupted by applause) to be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school. Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, (interrupted by applause) your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community. During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to 60 million dollars a year; to invest some 200 million dollars in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over 1 billion dollars from this center in this city.
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at 5 billion 400 million dollars a year—a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority—even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240 thousand miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25 thousand miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun—almost as hot as it is here today—and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out—then we must be bold.
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid. I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job. And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties. It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university. It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform. But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade.
And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
Thank you.
1961年(nian)1月,約翰·肯尼迪當選美國(guo)總統,當時由于蘇(su)聯在(zai)將(jiang)近4年(nian)前(qian)就成功(gong)發(fa)射(she)了第一顆(ke)人造(zao)衛星(xing)斯普特尼克(ke)1號等原因(yin),許多美國(guo)人認為在(zai)與蘇(su)聯的太空競賽中美國(guo)正(zheng)在(zai)失利。1961年(nian)4月12日,俄(e)羅斯宇航員尤利·加加林趕在(zai)美國(guo)水星(xing)計劃成功(gong)之前(qian)成為太空第一人使得這種觀念越發(fa)強烈。
因此(ci)(ci),美(mei)國(guo)急(ji)需(xu)一種能(neng)展(zhan)現空(kong)間技(ji)術實(shi)(shi)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尖端成就。為(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)肯尼(ni)迪任命(ming)副總統Lyndon B.Johnson擔(dan)任國(guo)家航(hang)空(kong)航(hang)天委員會主席,以選(xuan)擇他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。他特別要(yao)求調查在“建(jian)(jian)造空(kong)間實(shi)(shi)驗室”“載人繞月(yue)飛行”和(he)“載人登月(yue)”這些計劃中(zhong)擊敗蘇聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)性,及它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本。約(yue)(yue)翰遜(xun)咨(zi)詢(xun)了美(mei)國(guo)國(guo)家航(hang)空(kong)航(hang)天局(NASA)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)員。NASA局長詹姆斯(si)·韋伯(bo)給出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回答是(shi):美(mei)國(guo)沒有機會趕在蘇聯之前建(jian)(jian)造空(kong)間站,是(shi)否能(neng)率先進行載人繞月(yue)飛行則很難說,因此(ci)(ci)載人登月(yue)是(shi)最好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇,這也是(shi)最昂貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。同時韋伯(bo)認為(wei)(wei)在1970年(nian)前實(shi)(shi)現這一目標(biao)需(xu)要(yao)耗費220億美(mei)元。約(yue)(yue)翰遜(xun)還(huan)咨(zi)詢(xun)了馮·布勞恩和(he)行業三個巨(ju)頭:CBS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弗蘭克·斯(si)坦頓,美(mei)國(guo)電力公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐納德·C·庫克和(he)KBR的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喬治·R·布朗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見。
1961年(nian)5月(yue)25日,肯尼迪總統發(fa)表《關于國家緊急(ji)需求向國會的(de)報告》提議“我相(xiang)信現在(zai)到了這(zhe)個(ge)國家兌現承諾的(de)時刻,去(qu)完(wan)成這(zhe)個(ge)目標(biao):在(zai)這(zhe)10年(nian)結束前,將人類送上月(yue)球(qiu),并安(an)全返回(hui)地(di)球(qiu)。”而(er)此時有58%的(de)美國人反(fan)對(dui)這(zhe)一(yi)計(ji)劃。
1962年肯尼迪(di)發表該講話(hua),旨(zhi)在鼓勵(li)美國人民支持(chi)阿波羅計劃。