在世界眾(zhong)多(duo)怪雨(yu)中,要數(shu)魚雨(yu)為數(shu)最多(duo)。魚雨(yu)在英國(guo)、美國(guo)和澳大利亞(ya)屢(lv)見不(bu)鮮(xian),尤其是澳大利亞(ya),魚雨(yu)經常出現,以至報紙已不(bu)愿再刊登這類令人(ren)乏味的消息。
魚(yu)雨一(yi)直(zhi)發生在拉丁美洲,成(cheng)為很多(duo)國(guo)家(jia)的民(min)間傳說。據說在魚(yu)雨到(dao)來(lai)之前,天(tian)上(shang)烏云(yun)滾滾,大(da)風(feng)呼嘯,強風(feng)暴(bao)雨大(da)約持(chi)續2到(dao)3小(xiao)時之后(hou),數百條(tiao)活魚(yu)在地面上(shang)。人(ren)們把這些地上(shang)的新鮮活魚(yu)拿回家(jia)烹飪,看似多(duo)可(ke)笑的事情啊,可(ke)是它(ta)卻真實存在著。自從1998年的一(yi)場魚(yu)雨后(hou),洪都拉斯(si)國(guo)家(jia)的Yoro城市在每(mei)年都會(hui)過這個“魚(yu)雨”節。
從加利(li)福(fu)尼亞到英(ying)(ying)國再到印度,也不斷(duan)有(you)關多魚(yu)(yu)形式的(de)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)的(de)報道:一些小動物,例如(ru)魚(yu)(yu)、青蛙和(he)蛇偶爾會出(chu)(chu)人意(yi)料地(di)從空中落(luo)下,有(you)時(shi)候(hou)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)離(li)水域數英(ying)(ying)里遠的(de)地(di)方。這是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)湖泊或(huo)(huo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋上(shang)方急速旋轉的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)可(ke)(ke)能會把水以及水里的(de)一切東(dong)西帶(dai)進云(yun)層中,然后(hou)通過強風(feng)攜帶(dai)、可(ke)(ke)能遠途“旅行(xing)”降(jiang)(jiang)落(luo)到其(qi)(qi)他地(di)方,形成規模(mo)不等(deng)、形式各異的(de)“雨(yu)”。龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)風(feng)根據(ju)它發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)陸地(di)還是(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang),可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)陸龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)和(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)的(de)直徑一般比陸龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)略小,其(qi)(qi)強度較大,維(wei)持時(shi)間較長,在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)集(ji)群出(chu)(chu)現(xian)。在(zai)(zai)大洋上(shang)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)臺風(feng)或(huo)(huo)颶風(feng)的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區,也容易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi)(shi)當出(chu)(chu)現(xian)厄爾尼諾現(xian)象時(shi),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龍(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)次數就會增多,顯而易(yi)見,厄爾尼諾現(xian)象的(de)出(chu)(chu)現(xian),反映著太(tai)平洋東(dong)部赤道海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區附近及其(qi)(qi)以南海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域的(de)大規模(mo)增溫現(xian)象。
從(cong)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)群(qun)發生成(cheng)(cheng)長的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)把其(qi)分成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)長階段(duan)。在(zai)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)群(qun)中最(zui)(zui)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)推“母(mu)(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)”,依次是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)族(zu)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)、吸管(guan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),構成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)家族(zu)。其(qi)相互(hu)關系(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):母(mu)(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)多(duo)個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),它的(de)(de)(de)作用范(fan)圍在(zai)10-20公里(li)(li),其(qi)威力(li)屬海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)首;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)各個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),作用尺(chi)度在(zai)3-10公里(li)(li);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)也稱小龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)多(duo)個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),作用在(zai)1-3公里(li)(li)范(fan)圍內;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通常所(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)斗(dou)云(yun),它的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度約為300米(mi),一根漏(lou)斗(dou)云(yun)里(li)(li),有兩(liang)個(ge)甚至(zhi)三個(ge)以(yi)上吸管(guan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),所(suo)以(yi)也稱母(mu)(mu)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan);吸管(guan)渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)群(qun)中最(zui)(zui)年輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de),它的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度一般不超過30米(mi),但(dan)其(qi)破壞力(li)卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de),有時比(bi)(bi)臺(tai)風(feng)威力(li)還大(da)(da),主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它那渦(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)軸范(fan)圍小氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)梯度特別大(da)(da),壓(ya)力(li)差可(ke)(ke)達20百(bai)帕以(yi)上,為臺(tai)風(feng)內部平均氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)差的(de)(de)(de)幾百(bai)倍甚至(zhi)上千倍,因此其(qi)內部風(feng)速(su)極(ji)大(da)(da),多(duo)在(zai)每秒100米(mi)以(yi)上,要(yao)比(bi)(bi)臺(tai)風(feng)大(da)(da)幾倍,所(suo)經之(zhi)(zhi)處常能造成(cheng)(cheng)極(ji)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)害,海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)能把海(hai)上船只(zhi)和水以(yi)及(ji)水里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)一切東(dong)西(xi)帶進(jin)云(yun)層中,這些暴風(feng)云(yun)中的(de)(de)(de)強風(feng)則攜帶著卷(juan)(juan)進(jin)來的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)長途穿行,然后一股腦兒(er)的(de)(de)(de)將它們(men)傾倒(dao)在(zai)毫無準備的(de)(de)(de)人或建筑(zhu)物之(zhi)(zhi)上。魚(yu)從(cong)天而降,這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)作用,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“魚(yu)雨(yu)”形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)原因。
除了魚雨(yu)(yu)(yu)外,據有(you)關資料記載,1881年(nian)英國伍斯特城下過(guo)一場(chang)螃蟹雨(yu)(yu)(yu)和蝸牛(niu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。1979年(nian)在(zai)(zai)維多(duo)利(li)亞(ya)城附近的卡(ka)里希地區(qu),下過(guo)蝦雨(yu)(yu)(yu)和淡水魚雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。19世紀初,在(zai)(zai)丹麥下的一場(chang)蝦雨(yu)(yu)(yu),足足有(you)20分鐘時(shi)間,1933年(nian),前蘇聯遠東科瓦利(li)托活下了一場(chang)罕見的海蜇雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。
據(ju)澳(ao)大(da)(da)利亞媒體2010年3月2日(ri)報道,天(tian)(tian)上下(xia)雨不是新聞(wen)(wen),但天(tian)(tian)上“下(xia)魚”大(da)(da)概是許多人聞(wen)(wen)所未聞(wen)(wen)的(de)奇(qi)聞(wen)(wen)。澳(ao)大(da)(da)利亞北部地(di)(di)區的(de)拉(la)加馬(ma)奴鎮日(ri)前竟連(lian)續下(xia)了(le)(le)2天(tian)(tian)“魚雨”,成千(qian)上萬條(tiao)小魚竟從(cong)天(tian)(tian)而降,而這些魚落到地(di)(di)面時居然仍是活著(zhu)的(de)!專家推(tui)測,這些小魚很(hen)可能是在一場(chang)龍(long)卷(juan)(juan)風(feng)中(zhong),隨(sui)著(zhu)河水一起被狂風(feng)卷(juan)(juan)入(ru)到數(shu)萬英尺空中(zhong),繼而隨(sui)風(feng)在空中(zhong)“飛(fei)行”了(le)(le)數(shu)百公里,最終(zhong)在拉(la)加馬(ma)奴鎮上空落下(xia),從(cong)而形成了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)降“魚雨”的(de)奇(qi)觀。
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)在(zai)(zai)拉(la)丁美(mei)洲,成為很多國(guo)家的(de)民間傳說。據說在(zai)(zai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)到來之(zhi)前,天上烏云滾滾,大風(feng)(feng)呼嘯,強風(feng)(feng)暴(bao)雨(yu)大約持續2到3小(xiao)時之(zhi)后(hou),數百條活(huo)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)地(di)面上。人們把這些地(di)上的(de)新鮮活(huo)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)拿(na)回家烹飪,看似(si)多可笑的(de)事(shi)情啊,可是它卻真實存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)。自從(cong)1998年的(de)一場魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)后(hou),洪都(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯國(guo)家的(de)Yoro城(cheng)市在(zai)(zai)每年都(dou)(dou)會過這個(ge)“魚(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)”節。
瀕(bin)臨加勒比海的洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)人(ren)很喜(xi)歡吃魚。有(you)趣(qu)的是在(zai)(zai)每(mei)年(nian)的5月至7月間(jian),洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)的一些地(di)區都(dou)(dou)會下(xia)魚雨(yu)。這種現(xian)象(xiang)已經有(you)些年(nian)頭了,如今更被(bei)寫進許多民俗故事(shi)中。記者沒有(you)親眼見(jian)過(guo)(guo)天(tian)上(shang)掉魚的奇(qi)觀。據(ju)說(shuo)魚雨(yu)來臨之前,天(tian)上(shang)烏云滾滾,大(da)風呼嘯,強風暴雨(yu)大(da)約持續兩(liang)三個小(xiao)時(shi)之后,數百(bai)條活魚,便落(luo)在(zai)(zai)地(di)上(shang)。從1989年(nian)開始,洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)人(ren)每(mei)年(nian)都(dou)(dou)慶祝魚雨(yu)節。2006年(nian),洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)電視臺(tai)曾(ceng)報(bao)道過(guo)(guo)魚雨(yu)出現(xian)過(guo)(guo)兩(liang)次。記者曾(ceng)打(da)聽過(guo)(guo)魚雨(yu)的成因,不(bu)過(guo)(guo)得到(dao)的回答都(dou)(dou)是“民間(jian)傳說(shuo)”版:1856年(nian),一個叫蘇比讓(rang)拿的西(xi)班牙(ya)神父(fu)來到(dao)洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)。為了幫助(zhu)窮人(ren),他連續三天(tian)祈禱,請神賜予食物。自那時(shi)起(qi)就開始下(xia)魚雨(yu)了。其實魚雨(yu)在(zai)(zai)世界其它地(di)方也出現(xian)過(guo)(guo),大(da)多時(shi)候和(he)龍(long)卷風等天(tian)氣現(xian)象(xiang)有(you)關(guan)。不(bu)過(guo)(guo)像洪(hong)(hong)都(dou)(dou)拉斯(si)(si)這樣集(ji)中,還真是罕見(jian)。
1949年(nian)8月,在新西蘭沿(yan)岸(an)地區下(xia)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚雨(yu),成(cheng)千上(shang)(shang)萬(wan)尾魚撒滿一(yi)(yi)(yi)地,有鱈魚、銀(yin)槍魚、黑(hei)魚等等,無(wu)奇不有。雨(yu)過天(tian)晴(qing),人(ren)們紛紛拾魚,大(da)飽了(le)口(kou)福。1949年(nian)10月23日(ri)上(shang)(shang)午,美國路易(yi)斯安那州馬克斯維下(xia)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚雨(yu),生物學(xue)家巴伊科夫親(qin)自收集(ji)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)瓶制(zhi)作標(biao)本。美國圣迭戈下(xia)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚雨(yu),有沙丁(ding)魚和鱈魚,居民十分驚(jing)奇。1974年(nian)2月,澳大(da)利(li)亞的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個村子里,降下(xia)了(le)150多條河鱸似的(de)銀(yin)漢魚。1975年(nian),英(ying)國電臺記者羅(luo)納·薩班(ban)斯爾講(jiang)述了(le)他(ta)親(qin)身(shen)經歷的(de)那次(ci)魚雨(yu)趣事:那是(shi)第二(er)次(ci)世(shi)界(jie)大(da)戰期間(jian),羅(luo)納在駐(zhu)緬甸的(de)英(ying)軍中服役,部隊來到緬甸巴基斯坦相連的(de)庫米拉城。這(zhe)里淡(dan)水奇缺,每人(ren)每天(tian)只(zhi)能喝上(shang)(shang)幾口(kou)水。一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian),天(tian)上(shang)(shang)烏云滾(gun)(gun)滾(gun)(gun),大(da)風呼嘯,眼見一(yi)(yi)(yi)場暴雨(yu)即將來臨(lin)。羅(luo)納立(li)刻(ke)脫去衣服,身(shen)上(shang)(shang)涂上(shang)(shang)肥(fei)皂,站在空地上(shang)(shang)想痛快地洗(xi)個澡。雨(yu)下(xia)來了(le),可(ke)那不是(shi)雨(yu)水,而是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條條沙丁(ding)魚,打得他(ta)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)很(hen)痛很(hen)痛,不一(yi)(yi)(yi)會羅(luo)納已被埋在幾萬(wan)條沙丁(ding)魚堆中,他(ta)掙扎了(le)很(hen)久,才(cai)從魚堆中爬出逃(tao)回房間(jian)。