任(ren)人唯賢(rèn rén wéi xián)是一個成語,最早出自于戰國《尚書·咸有一德》。
任人(ren)唯賢指任用(yong)官員(yuan)只以德才(cai)優(you)秀作為標(biao)準,含(han)褒義;在句(ju)中一般作謂語(yu)(yu)、定語(yu)(yu)、賓語(yu)(yu)、分句(ju)。
戰國《尚書·咸(xian)有(you)一德》:“任官惟賢才,左(zuo)右(you)惟其人。”
后(hou)世據此典故引申(shen)出成語“任人唯賢”。
春(chun)秋時期(qi),齊國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)君(jun)襄公(gong)殘(can)暴荒唐,連他的(de)(de)兩個(ge)兄弟都逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)別國(guo)去(qu)了。這兩個(ge)兄弟是兩個(ge)母親生的(de)(de)。一(yi)個(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)糾,逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)了魯國(guo)。一(yi)個(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)小白(bai),逃(tao)到(dao)(dao)了莒國(guo)。公(gong)子(zi)糾的(de)(de)師(shi)傅是管仲,公(gong)子(zi)小白(bai)的(de)(de)師(shi)傅是鮑叔牙。
后來,齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被人(ren)殺死了(le)。第二年春天,齊(qi)國(guo)的大(da)臣派(pai)使者迎接公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾回去(qu)做國(guo)君。魯(lu)國(guo)的國(guo)君魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)親自派(pai)兵(bing)護送。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的師傅管(guan)(guan)仲怕逃亡在(zai)莒國(guo)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)因為(wei)離齊(qi)國(guo)近搶先回國(guo)奪(duo)到君位,所以經莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)意,先帶領一支人(ren)馬去(qu)攔住公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)。走(zou)到即墨,聽(ting)人(ren)說(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)已(yi)經跑在(zai)頭里(li)了(le)。管(guan)(guan)仲使勁地(di)(di)追,追了(le)三十(shi)多里(li)路才追上。管(guan)(guan)仲瞧見公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)坐(zuo)在(zai)車里(li),也不(bu)多說(shuo),偷偷地(di)(di)拿起弓箭(jian),對準(zhun)了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai),“嗖”的一箭(jian)射(she)過去(qu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)大(da)叫一聲(sheng),口(kou)吐鮮(xian)血,倒(dao)在(zai)車子(zi)(zi)里(li)。管(guan)(guan)仲一看,以為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)死了(le),他想公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的君位必定(ding)穩坐(zuo)了(le),便(bian)不(bu)慌不(bu)忙地(di)(di)回魯(lu)國(guo)去(qu)護送公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾到齊(qi)國(guo)去(qu)。
誰知道公(gong)(gong)子小白(bai)并沒有死(si),只是咬破(po)舌頭,弄得滿(man)口鮮血裝死(si)罷了(le)。鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)護(hu)著小白(bai)抄小道趕到都城臨淄。鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)硬(ying)是說服了(le)大臣們(men),立公(gong)(gong)子小白(bai)為國君(jun),也就是齊桓公(gong)(gong)。
不久(jiu),魯國(guo)的兵馬送(song)公(gong)子糾(jiu)回到了(le)齊國(guo)地(di)界。齊國(guo)的鮑叔牙立即請齊桓公(gong)發(fa)兵抵抗,于是齊魯之(zhi)間發(fa)生戰爭(zheng)。魯軍大敗,只得答應齊國(guo)的條(tiao)件,將公(gong)子糾(jiu)逼死,又把管仲(zhong)(zhong)抓起來(lai)。齊國(guo)的使(shi)者表示(shi),管仲(zhong)(zhong)射過他(ta)們的國(guo)君,國(guo)君要(yao)報一箭之(zhi)仇,非親(qin)手殺(sha)了(le)他(ta)不可,所以一定要(yao)將他(ta)押到齊國(guo)去。魯莊公(gong)只好把管仲(zhong)(zhong)裝上囚車,押回齊國(guo)。
管(guan)仲(zhong)被(bei)捆綁著,從魯國押(ya)往齊(qi)國。一路(lu)上(shang),他又饑又渴(ke),吃了許多苦頭(tou)。來到(dao)綺(qi)烏這個地方時,他去(qu)見那(nei)里守衛邊(bian)界的官員,請求給(gei)點飯(fan)吃。不料(liao),那(nei)守邊(bian)界的官員竟跪在地上(shang),端(duan)飯(fan)給(gei)管(guan)仲(zhong)吃,神情十(shi)分恭(gong)敬。等(deng)管(guan)仲(zhong)吃好飯(fan),他私下間道:“如果(guo)您到(dao)齊(qi)國后,僥幸沒有被(bei)殺而(er)得到(dao)任(ren)用,您將怎樣報(bao)(bao)答我?”管(guan)仲(zhong)回答道:“要是照你所說的那(nei)樣,我得到(dao)任(ren)用,我將要任(ren)用賢人(ren),使用能人(ren),評賞有功(gong)的人(ren),我能拿(na)什(shen)么報(bao)(bao)答您呢(ni)?”
等到管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)一回到齊(qi)國(guo)(guo),鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)就(jiu)親自到城外迎接。接著,鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)大(da)力把(ba)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)保舉給齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)。齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo):“他(ta)拿箭(jian)射我(wo),要我(wo)的(de)命,你還叫我(wo)用他(ta)嗎?”鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)說(shuo):“那會兒他(ta)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾的(de)師傅,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)自然冒(mao)死幫著公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾了(le)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)本領(ling)比我(wo)強十倍。主公(gong)(gong)要是(shi)用他(ta),他(ta)準能給您立大(da)功。”齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)聽了(le)鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)的(de)話,立即拜管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)為相國(guo)(guo)。鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)反倒做了(le)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)副手。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)當相國(guo)(guo)以后(hou),發揮他(ta)的(de)政治才(cai)能,大(da)力實行改(gai)革,使齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)力迅速(su)增強。七年后(hou),齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)就(jiu)稱霸四方,不久,齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)就(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)春秋第一霸。
無論是(shi)創業(ye)還是(shi)守(shou)業(ye),都離不(bu)(bu)開人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。雖說(shuo)匯聚(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)需要(yao)(yao)海(hai)納百川(chuan)的(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen),但水多容易泛濫,人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)競爭過于(yu)激烈,容易出(chu)現魚目混珠、良莠不(bu)(bu)齊的(de)(de)情況。因(yin)此,執政者必(bi)須善于(yu)發現人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai),舉(ju)薦人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai),團結(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai),使用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai),才(cai)能(neng)推(tui)動事業(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷向(xiang)前發展。而最重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則(ze),那就是(shi)任人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯(wei)賢(xian)。要(yao)(yao)求執政者在(zai)選(xuan)拔(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)時,不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)考慮人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)身份、背景以及與自(zi)己的(de)(de)關系,敢用(yong)有缺點的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai),并能(neng)做到用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)疑,疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)。正(zheng)因(yin)為有這樣的(de)(de)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則(ze),西漢劉敬、三國(guo)諸葛亮等賢(xian)能(neng)之士才(cai)能(neng)夠“朝為田舍郎,暮登天子堂”。
“任(ren)人唯賢(xian)”指任(ren)用官(guan)員只以德才(cai)優秀作為標準。
含褒義;在句(ju)中一般(ban)作謂語(yu)、定(ding)語(yu)、賓語(yu)、分句(ju)。
毛(mao)澤東《中(zhong)(zhong)國共產黨在民族(zu)戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)的地位》:“有獨立(li)的工作能力,積極肯干,不謀私(si)利為(wei)標準,這就是任人唯(wei)賢的路線。”
作家(jia)·凌力《星星草》:“文狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元、武狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元、農狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元、工狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元、醫(yi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)元,都要(yao)選,以才取人,任(ren)人唯賢(xian)。那(nei)時天國人才濟濟,英杰歸真(zhen),咱們可就更該興旺羅!”
任人唯賢—知人善用
“任人(ren)唯賢”和“知人(ren)善(shan)任”兩者都(dou)含有“善(shan)于使用(yong)人(ren)”的意(yi)思。但(dan)“任人(ren)唯賢”是指(zhi)一種用(yong)人(ren)原則(ze)或態(tai)度,“知人(ren)善(shan)任”則(ze)多指(zhi)方法或技巧。