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博物館簡介

云南李家(jia)(jia)山青銅(tong)器博物(wu)館共(gong)建(jian)造(zao)設置(zhi)了8個展廳，現開放(fang)有(you)兩個青銅(tong)器展廳和(he)一個書畫(hua)(hua)展廳。書畫(hua)(hua)展廳主要(yao)陳(chen)列的(de)是當代(dai)江川籍書畫(hua)(hua)家(jia)(jia)的(de)作(zuo)品以(yi)及曾參觀過博物(wu)館的(de)一些知(zhi)名(ming)人(ren)士的(de)書畫(hua)(hua)作(zuo)品。

青銅(tong)展廳集中(zhong)陳列展出了館藏2000余件文物中(zhong)的279件，其中(zhong)包括青銅(tong)器、金器、玉器等。它們按功能(neng)和(he)用途(tu)分為(wei)生產類(lei)(lei)(lei)、生活類(lei)(lei)(lei)、軍事類(lei)(lei)(lei)、舞(wu)蹈類(lei)(lei)(lei)、裝(zhuang)飾類(lei)(lei)(lei)。

社會生產類

包括尖葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、梯(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、曲刃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、平刃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、鏤(lou)(lou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、寬刃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)、彎(wan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)斧、蛇(she)頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏤(lou)(lou)孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器等(deng)農(nong)(nong)具(ju)。其(qi)中鏤(lou)(lou)孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤(chu)和蛇(she)頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏤(lou)(lou)孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器很(hen)特別，它們可能(neng)是(shi)在水(shui)中使用的(de)農(nong)(nong)具(ju)。蛇(she)頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏤(lou)(lou)孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器在云南是(shi)首次發現(xian)。馴馬貯貝(bei)器、二(er)牛(niu)(niu)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、二(er)牛(niu)(niu)交合扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、喂牛(niu)(niu)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牛(niu)(niu)頭、騎士(shi)獵(lie)鹿扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、八人(ren)獵(lie)虎扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、三人(ren)獵(lie)虎扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)孔(kong)雀(que)、熊(xiong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、七(qi)人(ren)獵(lie)虎扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、五人(ren)縛牛(niu)(niu)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)魚(yu)等(deng)體現(xian)了(le)古滇國社會除農(nong)(nong)業生產外(wai)，畜(chu)牧業、漁(yu)業和狩獵(lie)也占較大的(de)比重(zhong)。紡(fang)織貯貝(bei)器雕(diao)鑄(zhu)了(le)在貴婦人(ren)監督下(xia)進行紡(fang)織活動的(de)場(chang)面，可以(yi)從中了(le)解當時的(de)紡(fang)織技術水(shui)平。鎏金(jin)、鍛(duan)打、范鑄(zhu)、鑲嵌、線刻、錯金(jin)、壓膜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器說明除失蠟法鑄(zhu)造工(gong)藝外(wai)，還采(cai)用不同的(de)工(gong)藝技術方(fang)法，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄(zhu)造業比較發達。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)駑機、饕餮紋(wen)劍(jian)、獸形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、旋形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)、回紋(wen)鏡(jing)、日光(guang)鏡(jing)、百(bai)乳鏡(jing)、海(hai)貝(bei)等(deng)是(shi)古滇國與外(wai)部交往的(de)重(zhong)要見證(zheng)。

生活類

包括男女銅(tong)(tong)(tong)俑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)房(fang)(fang)子模型、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)爐、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)罐、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)匜、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)釜、立牛(niu)貯貝(bei)(bei)器(qi)、祭祀扣飾、祭祀貯貝(bei)(bei)器(qi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)奩等，反映了古滇(dian)國社(she)會人們的住房(fang)(fang)、衣著(zhu)、發型、生活習俗等方面的情(qing)況(kuang)。

軍事類

包括(kuo)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)叉(cha)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)戈、鎏金(jin)(jin)甲片、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)斧、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋮、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)錘、金(jin)(jin)鞘鐵(tie)劍(jian)(jian)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)啄、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)矛(mao)(mao)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)劍(jian)(jian)、劍(jian)(jian)鞘、吊人(ren)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)矛(mao)(mao)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)棒(bang)、立犬狼牙棒(bang)等，從中可(ke)以了解古滇(dian)國(guo)的(de)軍(jun)事裝備、兵(bing)器(qi)制作(zuo)和戰斗方式特點。鐵(tie)兵(bing)器(qi)的(de)出現，說明古滇(dian)國(guo)的(de)生產力水平已有很(hen)大提高(gao)，生產技術相當發達(da)。

音樂舞蹈類

包括(kuo)編鐘、鎏金銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)、蹲蛙銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)、鼓(gu)(gu)形貯貝(bei)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。編鐘一套，大(da)小共6個，可發出高(gao)低不同的聲音，專用(yong)于盛大(da)慶典(dian)，并(bing)往(wang)往(wang)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)伴奏。大(da)量的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)繪(hui)有舞(wu)蹈場(chang)面，有獨舞(wu)、四人舞(wu)和(he)集體舞(wu)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)是當時普遍的打擊樂器(qi)(qi)。從銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)變形而(er)來的鎏金銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)、蹲蛙銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)、鼓(gu)(gu)形貯貝(bei)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)則失去了原來的功能和(he)意義(yi)，賦(fu)于新(xin)的內(nei)涵。

裝飾類

包括(kuo)金(jin)(jin)腰(yao)帶及銅扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、獸邊(bian)(bian)(bian)（猴(hou)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)、雞邊(bian)(bian)(bian)、蛇(she)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)）長方形扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、動(dong)物(wu)紋（二虎噬牛、二虎噬鹿(lu)、四虎噬牛、虎豹(bao)噬羊、虎豹(bao)噬牛、虎豹(bao)噬鹿(lu)、立豹(bao)、立熊等(deng)(deng)）扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、銅鐲(zhuo)、金(jin)(jin)劍鞘、金(jin)(jin)釧、金(jin)(jin)項(xiang)鏈、金(jin)(jin)發飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杯形金(jin)(jin)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)(jin)花、金(jin)(jin)扳指(zhi)、玉耳環、瑪瑙扣(kou)(kou)、孔雀石珠管、馬飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杖(zhang)頭銅飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)。這些裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)大(da)部分是當(dang)時貴族(zu)身上(shang)佩戴(dai)的(de)，頭飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、項(xiang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、腰(yao)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臂飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、腿飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俱全(quan)。制作材料(liao)廣泛，有青銅、金(jin)(jin)玉、瑪瑙、孔雀石、綠松石等(deng)(deng)。有一部分是衣飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或器物(wu)上(shang)的(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附件。古(gu)滇國(guo)戰爭中有相當(dang)數(shu)量的(de)騎兵，因此對馬的(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同樣受到(dao)重視，包括(kuo)馬銜、轡飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、帶扣(kou)(kou)、馬鈴和當(dang)盧等(deng)(deng)馬飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)。

展覽與藏品

手形銎銅戈

西漢（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)206年—公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)8年）文物，通長(chang)26.2厘米(mi)(mi)，寬9厘米(mi)(mi)，云南(nan)江川李家山51號(hao)墓出土。手形銎戈(ge)可能(neng)作儀仗器使(shi)用(yong)，裝柄后如操生殺(sha)權力(li)之(zhi)手。器物構思巧妙(miao)，造型(xing)奇特，集(ji)裝飾效果與實用(yong)功能(neng)于(yu)一(yi)體，為中國青銅器所罕(han)見，顯示了滇人(ren)的(de)豐富(fu)想象力(li)，是滇文化的(de)藝(yi)術珍品。

蝕花石髓珠

東漢（公元25—220年）文物，通長6.1厘米(mi)，徑2.2—2.3厘米(mi)，云南(nan)江川李(li)家山69號墓出土。此石(shi)珠(zhu)為(wei)肉(rou)紅石(shi)髓，表面白色花紋并不是(shi)天(tian)然(ran)的，而(er)是(shi)化學腐蝕(shi)經人為(wei)加(jia)工(gong)而(er)成，此類蝕(shi)花工(gong)藝最早出現于西(xi)亞和南(nan)亞一帶，可能通過古(gu)“蜀—身毒(du)道(dao)”傳入，表明古(gu)滇國受外來文化影響之遠。

寬邊玉鐲

西(xi)漢（公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)206年—公(gong)元(yuan)8年）文物(wu)，外徑(jing)20.6厘米，內徑(jing)6.7厘米，唇高1.2厘米，云南江川李家山47號墓出土(tu)。這(zhe)件玉(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo)為目前(qian)古滇(dian)文化墓葬出土(tu)寬邊玉(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo)中最大的(de)一件。寬邊玉(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo)是滇(dian)國特有(you)的(de)一種臂飾，大多出自墓主(zhu)的(de)手臂部，戴此(ci)玉(yu)鐲(zhuo)(zhuo)者有(you)騎士(shi)、舞樂者，也(ye)有(you)滇(dian)國的(de)上層人物(wu)。

銅編鐘

西漢（公元(yuan)前206年—公元(yuan)8年）文物，高(gao)40.6厘米—50.2厘米，口(kou)寬16.8厘米—20.4厘米，云南江川(chuan)李(li)家山(shan)51號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)出土(tu)。銅(tong)編鐘(zhong)(zhong)1套6件，大小相依，扁圓筒狀，器身飾旋(xuan)紋，鐘(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)為橢圓形。李(li)家山(shan)墓(mu)(mu)地僅(jin)出此一套編鐘(zhong)(zhong)，表明墓(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人(ren)的身份(fen)極高(gao)，可能是古滇國的“王”或“侯”。

銅魚杖頭飾

西漢（公元前(qian)206年—公元8年）文(wen)物，高26厘(li)米，長22.3厘(li)米，云南江川(chuan)李家山51號墓(mu)出(chu)土。銅(tong)魚杖頭在(zai)大型墓(mu)是成對(dui)放置在(zai)戈、矛、棒(bang)等(deng)長柄兵器和(he)儀(yi)仗器中，制作十分(fen)精(jing)致，當屬(shu)專用的儀(yi)仗器。