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博物館簡介

云南李(li)家(jia)山青(qing)銅(tong)器博物館(guan)共建造設置了(le)8個展(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)，現開(kai)放有(you)兩個青(qing)銅(tong)器展(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)和一(yi)個書畫(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)。書畫(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting)(ting)主要(yao)陳列的是當(dang)代江(jiang)川籍(ji)書畫(hua)家(jia)的作(zuo)品以及曾參(can)觀過博物館(guan)的一(yi)些(xie)知(zhi)名人士(shi)的書畫(hua)作(zuo)品。

青(qing)銅(tong)展廳集中陳列展出了(le)館藏2000余件文物中的279件，其(qi)中包括(kuo)青(qing)銅(tong)器(qi)、金(jin)器(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)等。它們按功能和用途分(fen)為生產(chan)類(lei)(lei)、生活類(lei)(lei)、軍事類(lei)(lei)、舞蹈(dao)類(lei)(lei)、裝飾類(lei)(lei)。

社會生產類

包括尖葉形(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、梯形(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、曲刃(ren)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、平(ping)刃(ren)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、條形(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、鏤形(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、寬刃(ren)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤、彎(wan)形(xing)(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)斧、蛇頭(tou)(tou)形(xing)(xing)鏤孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)農具。其中(zhong)鏤孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋤和(he)蛇頭(tou)(tou)形(xing)(xing)鏤孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)很特別，它們可(ke)能是(shi)在水中(zhong)使用(yong)的農具。蛇頭(tou)(tou)形(xing)(xing)鏤孔(kong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)在云南是(shi)首次發(fa)(fa)現。馴馬貯貝(bei)(bei)器(qi)(qi)、二牛扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、二牛交合扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、喂牛扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牛頭(tou)(tou)、騎士獵鹿(lu)扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、八(ba)人(ren)(ren)獵虎(hu)(hu)扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、三人(ren)(ren)獵虎(hu)(hu)扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)孔(kong)雀、熊形(xing)(xing)扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、七人(ren)(ren)獵虎(hu)(hu)扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、五(wu)人(ren)(ren)縛牛扣(kou)(kou)飾(shi)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)魚等(deng)體現了古滇國社會除農業(ye)生產外，畜牧業(ye)、漁(yu)業(ye)和(he)狩獵也占較大的比重。紡織貯貝(bei)(bei)器(qi)(qi)雕鑄了在貴婦人(ren)(ren)監(jian)督下進行紡織活動(dong)的場面(mian)，可(ke)以從中(zhong)了解當(dang)時的紡織技術水平(ping)。鎏金、鍛打(da)、范鑄、鑲嵌、線(xian)刻、錯金、壓膜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)說(shuo)明除失蠟法(fa)(fa)鑄造(zao)工藝外，還采用(yong)不同的工藝技術方法(fa)(fa)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄造(zao)業(ye)比較發(fa)(fa)達。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)駑機、饕餮紋劍、獸形(xing)(xing)金飾(shi)、旋形(xing)(xing)金飾(shi)、回紋鏡、日光鏡、百乳(ru)鏡、海(hai)貝(bei)(bei)等(deng)是(shi)古滇國與外部交往(wang)的重要見證。

生活類

包括男女銅(tong)俑、銅(tong)房(fang)子模型(xing)(xing)、銅(tong)爐、銅(tong)罐、銅(tong)匜、銅(tong)釜、立牛貯貝(bei)器、祭(ji)祀(si)扣(kou)飾、祭(ji)祀(si)貯貝(bei)器、銅(tong)奩等，反映了古滇國社(she)會人們的住房(fang)、衣(yi)著、發(fa)型(xing)(xing)、生活習(xi)俗等方(fang)面的情況。

軍事類

包(bao)括銅(tong)(tong)叉(cha)、銅(tong)(tong)戈、鎏(liu)金甲(jia)片(pian)、銅(tong)(tong)斧、銅(tong)(tong)鋮、銅(tong)(tong)錘(chui)、金鞘鐵劍(jian)、銅(tong)(tong)啄、銅(tong)(tong)矛、銅(tong)(tong)劍(jian)、劍(jian)鞘、吊(diao)人銅(tong)(tong)矛、銅(tong)(tong)棒(bang)、立犬狼牙棒(bang)等，從中可以了解古(gu)滇國(guo)的(de)軍事裝(zhuang)備、兵器制作和(he)戰(zhan)斗方式特點。鐵兵器的(de)出現(xian)，說明古(gu)滇國(guo)的(de)生產(chan)力(li)水平已有很大提高(gao)，生產(chan)技(ji)術相當發達(da)。

音樂舞蹈類

包括編(bian)鐘、鎏(liu)金(jin)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、蹲蛙銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)形貯貝(bei)器(qi)等。編(bian)鐘一(yi)套，大小共6個，可發出高低(di)不同(tong)的(de)聲音，專用于盛大慶典(dian)，并(bing)往往用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)伴奏(zou)。大量的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)繪有舞(wu)蹈(dao)場面，有獨舞(wu)、四人舞(wu)和集體(ti)舞(wu)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)當時普(pu)遍的(de)打擊樂器(qi)。從銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)變(bian)形而來的(de)鎏(liu)金(jin)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、蹲蛙銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)形貯貝(bei)器(qi)等則失去了(le)原來的(de)功能和意義，賦(fu)于新的(de)內涵。

裝飾類

包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)腰帶(dai)(dai)及銅扣(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、獸邊(bian)（猴邊(bian)、雞(ji)邊(bian)、蛇邊(bian)）長方形(xing)扣(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、動物紋（二虎(hu)噬牛、二虎(hu)噬鹿、四(si)虎(hu)噬牛、虎(hu)豹(bao)噬羊、虎(hu)豹(bao)噬牛、虎(hu)豹(bao)噬鹿、立(li)豹(bao)、立(li)熊(xiong)等(deng)）扣(kou)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、銅鐲、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)劍鞘、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)釧、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)項鏈(lian)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)發飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杯形(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)花(hua)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)扳(ban)指(zhi)、玉耳(er)環、瑪(ma)(ma)瑙(nao)扣(kou)、孔(kong)雀石珠(zhu)管、馬飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、杖頭銅飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。這些(xie)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)大部分是當(dang)時貴族身(shen)上(shang)佩戴的(de)，頭飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、項飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳(er)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、腰飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臂(bei)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、腿飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俱全。制作(zuo)材料廣泛，有青銅、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)玉、瑪(ma)(ma)瑙(nao)、孔(kong)雀石、綠松石等(deng)。有一部分是衣飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或器物上(shang)的(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)件。古滇國戰爭中有相當(dang)數量的(de)騎兵，因此對(dui)馬的(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同樣(yang)受到重(zhong)視，包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)馬銜(xian)、轡(pei)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、帶(dai)(dai)扣(kou)、馬鈴和(he)當(dang)盧(lu)等(deng)馬飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)。

展覽與藏品

手形銎銅戈

西漢(han)（公(gong)元前206年—公(gong)元8年）文物，通(tong)長26.2厘(li)米，寬9厘(li)米，云南江川李家山51號(hao)墓出(chu)土。手形銎戈可能(neng)作儀(yi)仗器使用，裝柄后如操生殺權(quan)力之手。器物構思(si)巧(qiao)妙，造型奇特，集裝飾效果(guo)與實用功(gong)能(neng)于一(yi)體，為中國(guo)青銅器所(suo)罕見(jian)，顯(xian)示了滇(dian)人的(de)豐富想象力，是滇(dian)文化的(de)藝術(shu)珍品。

蝕花石髓珠

東漢（公元25—220年）文(wen)物，通長6.1厘米，徑2.2—2.3厘米，云南(nan)江川李家山69號墓出土。此石珠(zhu)為肉紅石髓，表(biao)面白色花紋并(bing)不是天然的，而(er)是化學腐蝕(shi)經人(ren)為加工而(er)成，此類(lei)蝕(shi)花工藝最(zui)早出現于(yu)西亞和南(nan)亞一帶，可能通過(guo)古“蜀—身毒道(dao)”傳入，表(biao)明古滇國受外來文(wen)化影響之(zhi)遠。

寬邊玉鐲

西漢（公元前(qian)206年—公元8年）文物(wu)，外徑20.6厘米(mi)，內徑6.7厘米(mi)，唇(chun)高1.2厘米(mi)，云南江川(chuan)李家(jia)山47號墓出(chu)土(tu)。這件(jian)(jian)玉鐲(zhuo)為目(mu)前(qian)古(gu)滇(dian)文化墓葬出(chu)土(tu)寬(kuan)邊玉鐲(zhuo)中(zhong)最大(da)的一(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)。寬(kuan)邊玉鐲(zhuo)是滇(dian)國特有的一(yi)(yi)種臂飾(shi)，大(da)多(duo)出(chu)自墓主(zhu)的手臂部，戴此玉鐲(zhuo)者(zhe)有騎(qi)士、舞(wu)樂者(zhe)，也有滇(dian)國的上層人物(wu)。

銅編鐘

西(xi)漢(han)（公元前206年—公元8年）文(wen)物(wu)，高40.6厘(li)米—50.2厘(li)米，口寬(kuan)16.8厘(li)米—20.4厘(li)米，云南江川李家山(shan)51號墓出(chu)土。銅編(bian)鐘1套6件，大小(xiao)相依(yi)，扁圓筒狀，器身(shen)飾(shi)旋紋，鐘口為橢圓形。李家山(shan)墓地僅出(chu)此一(yi)套編(bian)鐘，表(biao)明墓主人的(de)身(shen)份極高，可能是古滇國的(de)“王”或“侯”。

銅魚杖頭飾

西漢（公(gong)元(yuan)前206年—公(gong)元(yuan)8年）文物，高(gao)26厘(li)米，長22.3厘(li)米，云南江(jiang)川李家山51號墓(mu)出土。銅魚杖頭在(zai)(zai)大型墓(mu)是成對放置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)戈、矛、棒(bang)等長柄兵器(qi)和儀(yi)仗(zhang)器(qi)中，制作十分精致，當屬(shu)專(zhuan)用的儀(yi)仗(zhang)器(qi)。