簡介
大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)又(you)稱(cheng)大(da)佛寺(si),位于(yu)齊齊哈(ha)爾(er)市鐵鋒區木海街(jie)與民(min)航路(lu)交(jiao)叉口、西滿革命烈士陵園(yuan)南側。建于(yu)1943年,占地面積3.1萬平方(fang)米(mi)。坐北(bei)朝南,有前(qian)后兩座大(da)殿。寺(si)內外(wai)古木參天,環(huan)境優雅,雖近(jin)代(dai)所建,因采用傳統的(de)古建筑(zhu)形式而獨具一(yi)格,是黑龍(long)江省現存規模(mo)最大(da)的(de)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦建筑(zhu)之一(yi),為省內重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。又(you)稱(cheng)大(da)佛寺(si),位于(yu)齊齊哈(ha)爾(er)市大(da)乘(cheng)路(lu)1號,火(huo)車(che)站南約2.5公里。為黑龍(long)江五教道(dao)德院(yuan)院(yuan)長孔玉書所建,是天臺宗四(si)(si)十四(si)(si)嗣如法禪師住錫的(de)道(dao)場(chang),因此大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)被稱(cheng)為北(bei)方(fang)天臺宗祖庭。后因戰亂(luan),而被迫停辦佛事,進而被征用。1990年重(zhong)建。
大(da)(da)乘寺坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,由山門(men)、配殿(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)、前殿(dian)(dian)、后殿(dian)(dian)組(zu)成(cheng),院墻按八(ba)卦(gua)建造,廟(miao)宇(yu)采用斗拱式建筑,玻(bo)璃瓦覆蓋(gai),院墻呈八(ba)邊(bian)形結構(gou),以大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)為中(zhong)心(xin),各(ge)邊(bian)有一座配殿(dian)(dian),共7座配殿(dian)(dian),每座配殿(dian)(dian)距(ju)離大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)恰(qia)好(hao)88米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),而且均面(mian)向大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)。配殿(dian)(dian)為抖拱式建筑,屋頂由彩色琉(liu)璃瓦鋪成(cheng),均高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。長8.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)5間(jian)(jian)。7座配殿(dian)(dian)與(yu)山門(men)組(zu)合,成(cheng)八(ba)卦(gua)形排列,配殿(dian)(dian)與(yu)山門(men)之間(jian)(jian)由涂紅(hong)磚墻連接。
距(ju)山門26.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線上,是(shi)(shi)天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)(前殿(dian)(dian))。高、寬(kuan)均4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)(ge)5間(jian)(jian)(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)連貫(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一。供(gong)奉(feng)彌(mi)勒佛祖,坐北面南,高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下(xia)首左(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)阿彌(mi)陀佛,右為(wei)(wei)(wei)燃燈佛。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩(sa),西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)地藏(zang)王菩(pu)薩(sa)。距(ju)天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線上是(shi)(shi)大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)),是(shi)(shi)大(da)乘寺的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)建筑(zhu),高4.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)(ge)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)屋脊中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)麒麟背馱(tuo)一座玲(ling)瓏(long)寶(bao)塔經(jing)幌,排檐下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)各(ge)(ge)種珍奇動物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)彩色木雕。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)釋迦牟尼佛,左(zuo)(zuo)首文殊(shu)菩(pu)薩(sa),右為(wei)(wei)(wei)普賢菩(pu)薩(sa)。隔扉后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)坐南面北的(de)(de)(de)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩(sa)。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)太上老君(jun),西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)孔圣人。距(ju)大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線上是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)(后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)),兩層,每(mei)層高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)(ge)五(wu)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)。樓(lou)下(xia)中(zhong)(zhong)室供(gong)誦經(jing)用。距(ju)藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線上是(shi)(shi)北配殿(dian)(dian)。新辟有500羅漢堂和全市最高觀世(shi)音(高8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))供(gong)奉(feng)殿(dian)(dian)。
山門西(xi)側(ce)是(shi)鐘(zhong)樓(lou)和(he)鼓樓(lou),二層閣樓(lou)上分別懸著直(zhi)徑1.8米(mi)的(de)大鼓和(he)5000公斤的(de)大鐘(zhong),鐘(zhong)上刻著一整部《金剛(gang)經》。山門殿(dian)(dian)和(he)大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)中間,是(shi)天王殿(dian)(dian),天王殿(dian)(dian)前,有一尊漢白玉露天觀音像(xiang),高7米(mi)多,手(shou)拿(na)楊枝和(he)凈瓶,端莊慈祥。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)后面有藏以樓(lou)及閉關樓(lou)。市佛教(jiao)協會設在西(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)內。
寺院(yuan)雖為近代所造,但(dan)因采用(yong)傳統的古建筑(zhu)形式(shi)而獨(du)具一格。墻內(nei)外(wai)古樹參(can)于,綠草如(ru)茵,環境幽雅,已辟游覽區。
歷史沿革
大(da)乘寺屬十(shi)方(fang)叢(cong)林(lin)規模(mo),在黑龍江(jiang)省內與哈爾(er)濱市極(ji)樂寺齊名。籌(chou)建(jian)於民國,落成於偽(wei)滿。前後歷時十(shi)四年(nian)之久。系(xi)天臺(tai)宗第四十(shi)四代(dai)法(fa)嗣虛大(da)師倡建(jian)於一九(jiu)(jiu)二九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian);黑龍江(jiang)省五教道德院(yuan)孔毓書投資(zi)和集資(zi),於一九(jiu)(jiu)三(san)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)正式(shi)動(dong)工;一九(jiu)(jiu)四三(san)年(nian)竣工并開光(guang)(guang),禮(li)請天臺(tai)宗如(ru)光(guang)(guang)法(fa)師為開山住持(chi),是故為天臺(tai)宗叢(cong)林(lin)。
當(dang)時,香火旺(wang)盛、道風(feng)淳正,常住僧(seng)眾曾達(da)到一(yi)(yi)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)多人。一(yi)(yi)九四四年,滿洲國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)把(ba)大乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)列(lie)為全(quan)國(guo)重點寺(si)(si)院,滿洲國(guo)皇(huang)帝愛新覺羅.溥儀還(huan)贈送給大乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)唐朝《華嚴經》一(yi)(yi)套(tao)(現存市圖書館古籍部)。一(yi)(yi)九四五(wu)(wu)年,齊齊哈爾解(jie)放前(qian)昔(xi),為防止佛像(xiang)遭到破壞,大乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)僧(seng)眾趁著月(yue)色含淚把(ba)佛像(xiang)偷偷的掩埋(mai)(mai)起來,然後悄悄奔赴四方。「文化大革命」過後,宗(zong)教政(zheng)策得到落實。市政(zheng)府(fu)派(pai)人經過多方尋找,於一(yi)(yi)九八三年,在當(dang)初參與埋(mai)(mai)藏佛像(xiang)的原大乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)監院園智法師的指導下,市委統戰部和民宗(zong)委組織人力,很快(kuai)挖出了(le)當(dang)初掩埋(mai)(mai)的全(quan)部漢(han)白玉石雕佛像(xiang),共計三十(shi)九件(jian),終於使(shi)埋(mai)(mai)藏了(le)三十(shi)八年的圣像(xiang)重見天日。
一九(jiu)八○年,大(da)乘寺(si)(si)被(bei)市政(zheng)(zheng)府列為市級文物重點保護單位;一九(jiu)八七年大(da)乘寺(si)(si)被(bei)省政(zheng)(zheng)府列為省級文物重點保護單位;一九(jiu)九(jiu)○年十月(yue)二十九(jiu)日,受黑(hei)龍江省佛教(jiao)協會(hui)派遣(qian)和齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾市政(zheng)(zheng)府及齊(qi)嫩地區居士的邀請,九(jiu)十三歲高齡的東北妙修(xiu)法師駐錫(xi)大(da)乘寺(si)(si)。開始(shi)大(da)乘寺(si)(si)的正(zheng)式維(wei)修(xiu)工(gong)程。一九(jiu)九(jiu)五年農歷五月(yue)二十八日,大(da)乘寺(si)(si)舉行大(da)雄寶殿開光暨(ji)妙修(xiu)和尚升座法會(hui)。