簡介
大乘寺(si)(si)又稱(cheng)(cheng)大佛寺(si)(si),位(wei)(wei)于(yu)齊齊哈爾(er)市鐵鋒(feng)區木(mu)海街與民航(hang)路交叉口、西滿革命烈士陵園(yuan)南側。建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1943年(nian),占地(di)面積(ji)3.1萬平方米。坐北朝南,有前后兩座大殿。寺(si)(si)內外古(gu)木(mu)參天(tian)(tian),環(huan)境優(you)雅,雖近代所(suo)建(jian)(jian),因采用傳統(tong)的古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式而獨具一(yi)(yi)格,是黑龍江省現存(cun)規模最(zui)大的琉(liu)璃瓦建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi)(yi),為省內重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)(wei)。又稱(cheng)(cheng)大佛寺(si)(si),位(wei)(wei)于(yu)齊齊哈爾(er)市大乘路1號,火車站南約2.5公里。為黑龍江五教道德院(yuan)院(yuan)長孔玉書所(suo)建(jian)(jian),是天(tian)(tian)臺宗四十四嗣如法禪(chan)師住(zhu)錫的道場,因此大乘寺(si)(si)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為北方天(tian)(tian)臺宗祖(zu)庭。后因戰亂,而被迫停辦佛事(shi),進而被征用。1990年(nian)重建(jian)(jian)。
大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)坐北朝南,由山(shan)門(men)、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)、前殿(dian)(dian)、后殿(dian)(dian)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),院墻按八(ba)卦(gua)建(jian)造,廟宇采用斗拱(gong)式建(jian)筑(zhu),玻璃瓦覆(fu)蓋,院墻呈(cheng)八(ba)邊形結(jie)構,以大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)中心,各(ge)邊有一(yi)座配(pei)殿(dian)(dian),共7座配(pei)殿(dian)(dian),每座配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)距(ju)離大(da)殿(dian)(dian)恰好88米,而且均(jun)(jun)面向(xiang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)。配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)抖拱(gong)式建(jian)筑(zhu),屋(wu)頂由彩色琉璃瓦鋪成(cheng)(cheng),均(jun)(jun)高(gao)4米,寬3.3米。長8.3米,各(ge)5間。7座配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門(men)組(zu)合,成(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)卦(gua)形排(pai)列(lie),配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門(men)之(zhi)間由涂紅磚墻連接。
距(ju)(ju)山門26.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上(shang),是(shi)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(前(qian)殿(dian)(dian))。高、寬均(jun)4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各5間(jian)(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)三間(jian)(jian)連貫為(wei)(wei)一(yi)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)彌勒佛(fo)(fo)祖,坐北面(mian)南(nan),高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下首左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)阿彌陀佛(fo)(fo),右(you)為(wei)(wei)燃燈佛(fo)(fo)。東單(dan)(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa),西單(dan)(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)地藏(zang)王(wang)(wang)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。距(ju)(ju)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)大(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)),是(shi)大(da)乘寺(si)的(de)主體建筑,高4.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬8.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各五間(jian)(jian)。大(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian)屋脊中(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)麒麟背(bei)馱一(yi)座玲瓏寶(bao)(bao)(bao)塔經(jing)幌,排(pai)檐下為(wei)(wei)各種珍奇動物的(de)彩色木雕。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo),左(zuo)首文殊菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa),右(you)為(wei)(wei)普(pu)賢菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。隔扉(fei)后為(wei)(wei)坐南(nan)面(mian)北的(de)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。東單(dan)(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)太上(shang)老(lao)君(jun),西單(dan)(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)孔圣人。距(ju)(ju)大(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)(后殿(dian)(dian)),兩層,每(mei)層高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各五5間(jian)(jian)。樓(lou)下中(zhong)(zhong)室供(gong)(gong)(gong)誦經(jing)用。距(ju)(ju)藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)北配殿(dian)(dian)。新(xin)辟有500羅漢(han)堂(tang)和全市(shi)最高觀世(shi)音(高8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉(feng)殿(dian)(dian)。
山門西側是(shi)(shi)鐘樓和(he)鼓樓,二層閣樓上分別懸著直徑(jing)1.8米(mi)的大(da)(da)鼓和(he)5000公斤的大(da)(da)鐘,鐘上刻著一(yi)整部(bu)《金剛經》。山門殿和(he)大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿中(zhong)間(jian),是(shi)(shi)天王(wang)殿,天王(wang)殿前,有(you)一(yi)尊漢白(bai)玉露天觀音(yin)像(xiang),高7米(mi)多,手拿楊枝和(he)凈瓶,端莊慈祥(xiang)。大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿后面有(you)藏(zang)以(yi)樓及閉關樓。市佛教協會(hui)設在西配殿內(nei)。
寺院雖為近代(dai)所造,但因采用傳統的(de)古(gu)建筑(zhu)形式(shi)而獨具一格(ge)。墻內外(wai)古(gu)樹參于,綠草如茵(yin),環境(jing)幽雅,已辟游覽區。
歷史沿革
大(da)乘寺(si)屬十方叢林規模,在黑龍江省內與哈爾濱市(shi)極樂寺(si)齊名。籌建於(wu)民國,落成於(wu)偽(wei)滿。前後歷時十四(si)年之久(jiu)。系天(tian)臺(tai)宗第(di)四(si)十四(si)代法嗣(si)虛大(da)師(shi)倡(chang)建於(wu)一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)二九(jiu)(jiu)年;黑龍江省五教道德(de)院孔毓(yu)書投資和集資,於(wu)一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)三九(jiu)(jiu)年正式(shi)動工;一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)四(si)三年竣工并(bing)開(kai)光,禮請天(tian)臺(tai)宗如光法師(shi)為開(kai)山住持(chi),是故為天(tian)臺(tai)宗叢林。
當時,香火(huo)旺盛、道風(feng)淳正,常住僧眾曾達到一(yi)(yi)百五十(shi)(shi)多人。一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)四(si)四(si)年(nian)(nian),滿(man)洲(zhou)國(guo)政府把大乘寺(si)列為(wei)全國(guo)重點寺(si)院,滿(man)洲(zhou)國(guo)皇帝愛新覺羅.溥儀還贈送給大乘寺(si)唐朝《華嚴經(jing)》一(yi)(yi)套(tao)(現存市圖書館古籍部(bu))。一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)四(si)五年(nian)(nian),齊齊哈爾解放前昔,為(wei)防止佛(fo)像(xiang)遭(zao)到破(po)壞,大乘寺(si)僧眾趁著月色(se)含淚把佛(fo)像(xiang)偷(tou)偷(tou)的(de)掩(yan)埋(mai)(mai)起(qi)來,然後(hou)悄悄奔(ben)赴(fu)四(si)方(fang)。「文化大革命」過後(hou),宗(zong)教政策得到落實。市政府派(pai)人經(jing)過多方(fang)尋找,於一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)八三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian),在當初(chu)參與(yu)埋(mai)(mai)藏佛(fo)像(xiang)的(de)原(yuan)大乘寺(si)監院園智(zhi)法師的(de)指導(dao)下(xia),市委統戰部(bu)和(he)民(min)宗(zong)委組織人力(li),很快挖出了(le)當初(chu)掩(yan)埋(mai)(mai)的(de)全部(bu)漢白玉(yu)石(shi)雕佛(fo)像(xiang),共計三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)件(jian),終於使埋(mai)(mai)藏了(le)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)的(de)圣像(xiang)重見(jian)天(tian)日。
一九(jiu)八(ba)○年,大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)被市政府列(lie)為市級文物(wu)重點保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei);一九(jiu)八(ba)七年大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)被省政府列(lie)為省級文物(wu)重點保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei);一九(jiu)九(jiu)○年十月(yue)(yue)二(er)十九(jiu)日(ri),受黑(hei)龍(long)江省佛教(jiao)協(xie)會派遣(qian)和(he)齊齊哈爾市政府及齊嫩地區居士的(de)邀請,九(jiu)十三(san)歲高齡(ling)的(de)東北妙修法師(shi)駐錫大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)。開始大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)的(de)正式維修工程。一九(jiu)九(jiu)五年農歷五月(yue)(yue)二(er)十八(ba)日(ri),大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)(si)舉行(xing)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)開光暨妙修和(he)尚升(sheng)座法會。