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簡介

大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺又稱(cheng)大(da)(da)佛寺，位(wei)于齊齊哈爾(er)市鐵鋒(feng)區木海街與民(min)航路交叉口、西滿革命烈士陵(ling)園南(nan)側(ce)。建(jian)(jian)于1943年(nian)，占地面積3.1萬(wan)平方米。坐(zuo)北朝南(nan)，有前(qian)后兩座大(da)(da)殿。寺內外古木參天(tian)，環境優雅，雖近代所建(jian)(jian)，因(yin)采用傳(chuan)統的(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式而(er)獨具一(yi)(yi)格，是黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省現存規模最大(da)(da)的(de)琉璃瓦(wa)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，為(wei)(wei)省內重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。又稱(cheng)大(da)(da)佛寺，位(wei)于齊齊哈爾(er)市大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)路1號，火車(che)站南(nan)約2.5公(gong)里。為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)龍江(jiang)五教(jiao)道德(de)院院長孔玉書所建(jian)(jian)，是天(tian)臺(tai)宗(zong)四十四嗣如法禪(chan)師住(zhu)錫的(de)道場，因(yin)此大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)北方天(tian)臺(tai)宗(zong)祖庭。后因(yin)戰亂(luan)，而(er)被迫停辦佛事，進而(er)被征(zheng)用。1990年(nian)重建(jian)(jian)。

大乘寺坐(zuo)北朝南，由山門、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組成，院墻(qiang)按八(ba)(ba)卦建造，廟(miao)宇采用斗(dou)拱式建筑(zhu)，玻璃瓦覆蓋，院墻(qiang)呈八(ba)(ba)邊(bian)形結構，以大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中心，各邊(bian)有一(yi)座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，共(gong)7座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，每(mei)座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恰好(hao)88米(mi)，而且均面向大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)抖拱式建筑(zhu)，屋頂由彩(cai)色琉璃瓦鋪成，均高4米(mi)，寬(kuan)3.3米(mi)。長8.3米(mi)，各5間(jian)。7座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)山門組合，成八(ba)(ba)卦形排列(lie)，配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)山門之間(jian)由涂紅磚墻(qiang)連(lian)接。

距(ju)(ju)山(shan)門26.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)，是(shi)(shi)天王殿(dian)（前殿(dian)）。高、寬(kuan)均4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)連貫為一。供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)彌(mi)勒佛(fo)(fo)祖，坐北面(mian)南(nan)，高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下首(shou)(shou)左(zuo)(zuo)為阿彌(mi)陀佛(fo)(fo)，右(you)為燃燈佛(fo)(fo)。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)觀世音菩薩，西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)地藏(zang)王菩薩。距(ju)(ju)天王殿(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)（正殿(dian)），是(shi)(shi)大乘寺的(de)(de)主體建筑，高4.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)8.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)屋脊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)麒麟背馱一座(zuo)玲瓏寶塔經幌，排(pai)檐下為各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)珍奇動物(wu)的(de)(de)彩色(se)木(mu)雕。正殿(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)釋(shi)迦牟(mou)尼佛(fo)(fo)，左(zuo)(zuo)首(shou)(shou)文殊菩薩，右(you)為普(pu)賢菩薩。隔(ge)扉后為坐南(nan)面(mian)北的(de)(de)觀世音菩薩。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)太(tai)上(shang)老君，西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)孔圣人。距(ju)(ju)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)經樓(lou)（后殿(dian)），兩層(ceng)，每層(ceng)高4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)五(wu)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)。樓(lou)下中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室供(gong)誦(song)經用。距(ju)(ju)藏(zang)經樓(lou)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)北配殿(dian)。新辟(pi)有(you)500羅漢堂和全市最(zui)高觀世音（高8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)）供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)殿(dian)。

山門(men)西側是鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)和鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)，二(er)層(ceng)閣樓(lou)(lou)上分別懸著直徑1.8米的大(da)鼓(gu)和5000公斤(jin)的大(da)鐘(zhong)，鐘(zhong)上刻著一整部《金剛經》。山門(men)殿(dian)(dian)和大(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)間，是天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)，天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)前，有(you)一尊漢白玉(yu)露(lu)天(tian)觀音像，高7米多，手(shou)拿楊枝和凈(jing)瓶，端莊慈祥。大(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)后面(mian)有(you)藏以樓(lou)(lou)及閉關(guan)樓(lou)(lou)。市佛教(jiao)協會設(she)在西配殿(dian)(dian)內。

寺院雖為近代(dai)所造，但(dan)因采(cai)用(yong)傳統的古建筑(zhu)形式而(er)獨具一格。墻內外古樹(shu)參于，綠(lv)草如茵(yin)，環境(jing)幽雅，已辟游(you)覽(lan)區。

歷史沿革

大(da)乘寺屬十方(fang)叢林(lin)規模，在黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)內與哈爾濱(bin)市(shi)極樂寺齊名。籌建於(wu)民國，落成於(wu)偽滿。前(qian)後歷時(shi)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)之久。系天臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)第四(si)十四(si)代法(fa)嗣虛大(da)師(shi)倡(chang)建於(wu)一九二九年(nian)(nian)；黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)五(wu)教道德院孔(kong)毓書投資(zi)(zi)和集資(zi)(zi)，於(wu)一九三九年(nian)(nian)正式(shi)動工；一九四(si)三年(nian)(nian)竣工并開(kai)光，禮請天臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)如光法(fa)師(shi)為開(kai)山住持，是故為天臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)叢林(lin)。

當(dang)時，香火旺盛、道風淳(chun)正，常住(zhu)僧眾(zhong)曾達(da)到(dao)一百五(wu)十多(duo)人(ren)。一九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)四四年，滿洲(zhou)國政府把大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)列(lie)為(wei)全國重(zhong)點寺(si)(si)院，滿洲(zhou)國皇(huang)帝愛新(xin)覺羅．溥儀(yi)還贈(zeng)送給大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)唐朝《華嚴經(jing)》一套（現存市(shi)圖書館古籍部）。一九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)四五(wu)年，齊齊哈爾解放前昔，為(wei)防止佛像(xiang)遭到(dao)破壞，大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)僧眾(zhong)趁著月(yue)色含淚把佛像(xiang)偷偷的掩埋(mai)起來，然後悄悄奔(ben)赴四方(fang)。「文化大(da)(da)革命」過後，宗教政策得到(dao)落實。市(shi)政府派(pai)人(ren)經(jing)過多(duo)方(fang)尋找，於(wu)一九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)八(ba)三(san)年，在當(dang)初(chu)參與埋(mai)藏佛像(xiang)的原(yuan)大(da)(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)監院園智法師的指導(dao)下，市(shi)委統戰部和民(min)宗委組織(zhi)人(ren)力，很快挖出(chu)了當(dang)初(chu)掩埋(mai)的全部漢(han)白玉石雕佛像(xiang)，共計三(san)十九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)件(jian)，終於(wu)使(shi)埋(mai)藏了三(san)十八(ba)年的圣像(xiang)重(zhong)見天日(ri)。

一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)八○年(nian)(nian)，大乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)被(bei)市政府(fu)列(lie)為市級(ji)文物重點保護單位(wei)；一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)八七年(nian)(nian)大乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)被(bei)省政府(fu)列(lie)為省級(ji)文物重點保護單位(wei)；一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)○年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)日，受(shou)黑龍江省佛教(jiao)協會派遣和(he)齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾(er)市政府(fu)及齊(qi)嫩(nen)地區居士的(de)邀請，九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)三(san)歲高齡的(de)東北妙修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)法師駐錫大乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)。開(kai)(kai)始(shi)大乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)的(de)正(zheng)式維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工程。一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)農歷五(wu)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)八日，大乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)舉行大雄寶殿開(kai)(kai)光暨妙修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)和(he)尚升座法會。