簡介
大(da)(da)(da)乘寺(si)又(you)稱(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)佛寺(si),位于齊(qi)齊(qi)哈(ha)爾(er)市(shi)鐵鋒區木海街與民航路(lu)交叉(cha)口、西滿革命烈(lie)士(shi)陵園南(nan)側。建(jian)于1943年,占地面積3.1萬平方米。坐北朝南(nan),有前后(hou)(hou)兩座大(da)(da)(da)殿。寺(si)內(nei)外古(gu)木參天,環境優(you)雅,雖近代所(suo)(suo)建(jian),因采用傳統的古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式而獨具一格,是黑(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)存規(gui)模最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的琉璃瓦建(jian)筑(zhu)之一,為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。又(you)稱(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)佛寺(si),位于齊(qi)齊(qi)哈(ha)爾(er)市(shi)大(da)(da)(da)乘路(lu)1號,火(huo)車站(zhan)南(nan)約2.5公里。為(wei)黑(hei)龍(long)江五教(jiao)道德院院長孔玉(yu)書所(suo)(suo)建(jian),是天臺宗(zong)四十四嗣如法禪(chan)師住錫的道場,因此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)乘寺(si)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)北方天臺宗(zong)祖庭(ting)。后(hou)(hou)因戰亂,而被(bei)迫停(ting)辦佛事,進(jin)而被(bei)征用。1990年重(zhong)建(jian)。
大乘寺坐北朝南(nan),由(you)山(shan)門(men)、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)組成(cheng)(cheng),院墻按八(ba)卦建(jian)造(zao),廟(miao)宇采用斗(dou)拱式(shi)建(jian)筑,玻璃瓦覆(fu)蓋,院墻呈八(ba)邊(bian)形結構,以(yi)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中心,各邊(bian)有一(yi)座(zuo)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian),共7座(zuo)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian),每(mei)座(zuo)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)恰好(hao)88米(mi),而且均面向大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)抖拱式(shi)建(jian)筑,屋(wu)頂由(you)彩色琉璃瓦鋪成(cheng)(cheng),均高4米(mi),寬3.3米(mi)。長8.3米(mi),各5間(jian)。7座(zuo)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門(men)組合,成(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)卦形排列,配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門(men)之間(jian)由(you)涂紅磚墻連接。
距(ju)(ju)山門26.3米(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang),是(shi)天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(前殿(dian)(dian))。高(gao)(gao)、寬(kuan)均(jun)4.6米(mi),長12米(mi),各5間(jian)(jian)(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)連貫為(wei)一(yi)。供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)彌勒佛(fo)(fo)祖,坐北(bei)面南(nan),高(gao)(gao)4米(mi),下首左為(wei)阿(a)彌陀佛(fo)(fo),右為(wei)燃燈(deng)佛(fo)(fo)。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)觀世(shi)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)薩,西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)地藏(zang)王(wang)菩(pu)(pu)薩。距(ju)(ju)天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)是(shi)大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(正殿(dian)(dian)),是(shi)大(da)乘寺的(de)(de)主體建筑,高(gao)(gao)4.8米(mi),寬(kuan)8.3米(mi)長12米(mi),各五間(jian)(jian)(jian)。大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)屋(wu)脊中(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)麒麟背馱一(yi)座玲瓏寶塔經幌,排檐下為(wei)各種珍奇(qi)動物的(de)(de)彩色木雕。正殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)釋迦牟尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo),左首文殊菩(pu)(pu)薩,右為(wei)普賢菩(pu)(pu)薩。隔扉后為(wei)坐南(nan)面北(bei)的(de)(de)觀世(shi)音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)薩。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)太(tai)上(shang)老君,西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)孔圣人。距(ju)(ju)大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)是(shi)藏(zang)經樓(lou)(后殿(dian)(dian)),兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),每層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)4米(mi),各五5間(jian)(jian)(jian)。樓(lou)下中(zhong)(zhong)室供(gong)(gong)誦經用。距(ju)(ju)藏(zang)經樓(lou)18.3米(mi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)是(shi)北(bei)配殿(dian)(dian)。新(xin)辟有(you)500羅(luo)漢堂和全市最高(gao)(gao)觀世(shi)音(yin)(高(gao)(gao)8米(mi))供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)殿(dian)(dian)。
山門西側是(shi)鐘樓和(he)鼓樓,二層閣樓上分別懸著直(zhi)徑1.8米(mi)的大(da)鼓和(he)5000公斤的大(da)鐘,鐘上刻著一整部《金剛經》。山門殿和(he)大(da)雄寶殿中間,是(shi)天王殿,天王殿前(qian),有(you)一尊漢(han)白玉露天觀音像,高7米(mi)多(duo),手拿(na)楊枝(zhi)和(he)凈瓶(ping),端(duan)莊(zhuang)慈祥。大(da)雄寶殿后面有(you)藏以樓及閉關樓。市佛教協(xie)會設在西配殿內。
寺院(yuan)雖為(wei)近(jin)代所造,但因采用(yong)傳統的古(gu)建筑形式而獨具一格。墻內外古(gu)樹參于,綠草如茵,環境幽雅,已(yi)辟游覽區。
歷史沿革
大(da)乘寺屬十方(fang)叢(cong)林(lin)規模,在黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)省內與哈(ha)爾濱市極樂寺齊名(ming)。籌建於民國,落(luo)成於偽滿(man)。前後(hou)歷時十四年(nian)(nian)之久。系(xi)天臺(tai)宗第四十四代法(fa)(fa)嗣虛(xu)大(da)師倡建於一九二(er)九年(nian)(nian);黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)省五教道德(de)院孔毓(yu)書投資(zi)和集資(zi),於一九三(san)九年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)式動工(gong)(gong);一九四三(san)年(nian)(nian)竣工(gong)(gong)并(bing)開光,禮(li)請天臺(tai)宗如光法(fa)(fa)師為(wei)(wei)開山住(zhu)持,是故為(wei)(wei)天臺(tai)宗叢(cong)林(lin)。
當(dang)時,香(xiang)火(huo)旺(wang)盛、道風(feng)淳正,常住僧眾曾達到一(yi)百五(wu)(wu)十(shi)多(duo)(duo)人(ren)。一(yi)九四四年(nian)(nian),滿洲(zhou)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)府把(ba)大乘寺(si)列(lie)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重點寺(si)院(yuan),滿洲(zhou)國(guo)(guo)皇帝愛(ai)新覺羅(luo).溥儀(yi)還贈(zeng)送給(gei)大乘寺(si)唐朝《華嚴經》一(yi)套(tao)(現存市(shi)圖書館古籍部(bu)(bu)(bu))。一(yi)九四五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian),齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾解(jie)放前昔,為(wei)防(fang)止佛(fo)像(xiang)遭到破壞,大乘寺(si)僧眾趁著月色含淚把(ba)佛(fo)像(xiang)偷偷的(de)(de)掩埋起來,然後(hou)悄悄奔赴四方。「文(wen)化大革命」過(guo)(guo)後(hou),宗(zong)教政(zheng)策(ce)得到落實。市(shi)政(zheng)府派(pai)人(ren)經過(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)方尋(xun)找(zhao),於一(yi)九八三年(nian)(nian),在當(dang)初(chu)參(can)與埋藏佛(fo)像(xiang)的(de)(de)原大乘寺(si)監(jian)院(yuan)園(yuan)智法(fa)師的(de)(de)指導下,市(shi)委統戰部(bu)(bu)(bu)和民宗(zong)委組織人(ren)力,很快挖出了當(dang)初(chu)掩埋的(de)(de)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)漢白玉石雕佛(fo)像(xiang),共計三十(shi)九件(jian),終於使埋藏了三十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)圣像(xiang)重見(jian)天日(ri)。
一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)八○年(nian)(nian),大乘(cheng)寺被市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)列為市(shi)級(ji)文(wen)物重點保護單(dan)位;一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)八七年(nian)(nian)大乘(cheng)寺被省(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)列為省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物重點保護單(dan)位;一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)○年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月二十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日,受黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)佛教協會(hui)派(pai)遣和齊齊哈爾市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)及齊嫩地區居士的(de)邀請(qing),九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)三歲高齡的(de)東北妙(miao)修法師駐(zhu)錫(xi)大乘(cheng)寺。開(kai)始大乘(cheng)寺的(de)正(zheng)式維修工程(cheng)。一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)五年(nian)(nian)農歷五月二十(shi)八日,大乘(cheng)寺舉行大雄寶(bao)殿開(kai)光(guang)暨妙(miao)修和尚升座(zuo)法會(hui)。