簡介
大乘寺又(you)(you)稱大佛(fo)(fo)寺,位于(yu)齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈(ha)爾市(shi)鐵鋒區木海街(jie)與民航(hang)路(lu)(lu)交叉口、西(xi)滿革命烈士陵園(yuan)南(nan)側。建于(yu)1943年(nian),占地面積3.1萬平(ping)方米(mi)。坐北朝南(nan),有前后兩座大殿。寺內外(wai)古木參天(tian)(tian)(tian),環境優雅,雖(sui)近代所建,因(yin)采用傳統的古建筑形式而(er)獨具一格,是黑龍(long)江省現存規模最大的琉(liu)璃(li)瓦建筑之一,為省內重點文物保護(hu)單位。又(you)(you)稱大佛(fo)(fo)寺,位于(yu)齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈(ha)爾市(shi)大乘路(lu)(lu)1號,火車站南(nan)約2.5公里。為黑龍(long)江五教道德院院長(chang)孔玉書(shu)所建,是天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺宗四十(shi)四嗣如法禪師住錫的道場(chang),因(yin)此大乘寺被稱為北方天(tian)(tian)(tian)臺宗祖庭。后因(yin)戰亂(luan),而(er)被迫停辦佛(fo)(fo)事,進(jin)而(er)被征用。1990年(nian)重建。
大乘寺坐(zuo)北朝南,由(you)山(shan)門、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)組成(cheng)(cheng),院墻(qiang)按八卦建(jian)造,廟(miao)宇采(cai)用斗(dou)拱(gong)式建(jian)筑(zhu),玻璃(li)瓦覆蓋,院墻(qiang)呈八邊形結構,以大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為中心,各邊有一座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian),共7座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian),每座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)恰好88米(mi),而且均面向大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為抖拱(gong)式建(jian)筑(zhu),屋頂由(you)彩(cai)色琉璃(li)瓦鋪成(cheng)(cheng),均高4米(mi),寬3.3米(mi)。長8.3米(mi),各5間。7座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門組合(he),成(cheng)(cheng)八卦形排列,配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與山(shan)門之間由(you)涂紅(hong)磚墻(qiang)連接。
距(ju)山門26.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)軸線上,是(shi)(shi)天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(前殿(dian)(dian))。高(gao)(gao)、寬(kuan)均4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)5間(jian)(jian),中(zhong)三(san)間(jian)(jian)連貫為(wei)一。供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)彌(mi)勒佛祖(zu),坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)南(nan),高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下首左為(wei)阿彌(mi)陀佛,右(you)為(wei)燃(ran)燈佛。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩,西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)地(di)藏(zang)王(wang)菩(pu)薩。距(ju)天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)軸線上是(shi)(shi)大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(正殿(dian)(dian)),是(shi)(shi)大乘寺的(de)主體建筑(zhu),高(gao)(gao)4.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)五間(jian)(jian)。大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)屋脊中(zhong)央的(de)麒麟(lin)背馱(tuo)一座(zuo)玲瓏寶塔經(jing)(jing)幌(huang),排檐(yan)下為(wei)各(ge)種珍奇動物(wu)的(de)彩(cai)色木雕(diao)。正殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)釋迦牟尼佛,左首文殊(shu)菩(pu)薩,右(you)為(wei)普賢菩(pu)薩。隔扉后為(wei)坐(zuo)南(nan)面(mian)北(bei)(bei)的(de)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩。東單(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)太(tai)上老君,西單(dan)間(jian)(jian)供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)孔圣人。距(ju)大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)軸線上是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(后殿(dian)(dian)),兩(liang)層,每層高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),各(ge)五5間(jian)(jian)。樓下中(zhong)室供(gong)(gong)誦經(jing)(jing)用。距(ju)藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓18.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)中(zhong)軸線上是(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)配殿(dian)(dian)。新辟(pi)有500羅漢堂和(he)全市最(zui)高(gao)(gao)觀世(shi)音(高(gao)(gao)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))供(gong)(gong)奉(feng)殿(dian)(dian)。
山(shan)門西側是(shi)鐘樓(lou)(lou)和(he)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),二層閣樓(lou)(lou)上分別懸著直徑1.8米的大(da)(da)鼓(gu)和(he)5000公(gong)斤的大(da)(da)鐘,鐘上刻著一整(zheng)部《金剛經》。山(shan)門殿和(he)大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿中間,是(shi)天王殿,天王殿前,有一尊漢白玉露天觀音像(xiang),高7米多,手拿(na)楊(yang)枝和(he)凈(jing)瓶,端莊慈(ci)祥(xiang)。大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿后面有藏以樓(lou)(lou)及閉關樓(lou)(lou)。市佛教協會設在(zai)西配殿內。
寺院雖為近代所造,但因采(cai)用傳統的古建(jian)筑形(xing)式而獨具一(yi)格。墻內外(wai)古樹(shu)參于,綠草如茵,環境(jing)幽雅(ya),已辟游覽區。
歷史沿革
大(da)乘(cheng)寺(si)屬十方叢林規模,在黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)內(nei)與(yu)哈爾濱市極(ji)樂寺(si)齊名。籌建(jian)於民國,落成(cheng)於偽滿。前後歷(li)時(shi)十四(si)年(nian)之久。系天(tian)臺宗第(di)四(si)十四(si)代(dai)法嗣(si)虛大(da)師倡建(jian)於一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian);黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)五教道德院孔毓書投資和集(ji)資,於一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)三九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)正式動工;一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)四(si)三年(nian)竣工并開(kai)光,禮(li)請天(tian)臺宗如(ru)光法師為開(kai)山住持,是(shi)故(gu)為天(tian)臺宗叢林。
當(dang)(dang)時,香(xiang)火旺盛(sheng)、道風淳正,常住僧眾曾達到一(yi)(yi)百五(wu)十多(duo)人。一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)四(si)四(si)年(nian),滿洲國政(zheng)府(fu)把(ba)大乘(cheng)寺列為(wei)全國重點寺院(yuan),滿洲國皇帝愛新覺(jue)羅.溥(pu)儀(yi)還贈送給大乘(cheng)寺唐(tang)朝《華嚴經》一(yi)(yi)套(現(xian)存市圖書館古(gu)籍部)。一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)四(si)五(wu)年(nian),齊齊哈爾解放前昔(xi),為(wei)防止佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)遭到破壞,大乘(cheng)寺僧眾趁著月色(se)含淚(lei)把(ba)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)偷偷的(de)掩埋(mai)起來,然後(hou)悄悄奔赴四(si)方(fang)。「文化大革命」過後(hou),宗教政(zheng)策得到落(luo)實。市政(zheng)府(fu)派人經過多(duo)方(fang)尋找,於一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)八三年(nian),在當(dang)(dang)初(chu)參與埋(mai)藏(zang)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)的(de)原大乘(cheng)寺監院(yuan)園智法師(shi)的(de)指導下,市委統戰部和民宗委組(zu)織人力,很快挖出(chu)了當(dang)(dang)初(chu)掩埋(mai)的(de)全部漢白玉石雕佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang),共計三十九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)件(jian),終(zhong)於使埋(mai)藏(zang)了三十八年(nian)的(de)圣像(xiang)(xiang)重見天(tian)日(ri)。
一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)八○年(nian),大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)被市(shi)政府列為市(shi)級文物(wu)重點(dian)保護單(dan)位;一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)八七年(nian)大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)被省(sheng)政府列為省(sheng)級文物(wu)重點(dian)保護單(dan)位;一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)○年(nian)十月二十九(jiu)日,受黑龍江省(sheng)佛教協(xie)會(hui)(hui)派(pai)遣和(he)齊齊哈爾市(shi)政府及(ji)齊嫩(nen)地區居士(shi)的邀(yao)請,九(jiu)十三(san)歲高(gao)齡的東北(bei)妙修(xiu)法師駐錫大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)。開始大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)的正式維(wei)修(xiu)工程。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)五年(nian)農歷五月二十八日,大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)寺(si)(si)舉行大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿開光暨妙修(xiu)和(he)尚升座法會(hui)(hui)。