基本情況
圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)寺(si)位于(yu)(yu)今甘肅省金昌市永昌縣,始建于(yu)(yu)公元561年。公元609年,有一條東西走(zou)向的(de)(de)大(da)峽谷,叫望御(yu)山(shan)(shan)谷(簡稱御(yu)山(shan)(shan)峽或御(yu)山(shan)(shan)谷)。在這條峽谷的(de)(de)中段,有一座始建于(yu)(yu)公元561 年的(de)(de)瑞(rui)像(xiang)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(今名圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)寺(si)),寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)正殿的(de)(de)石(shi)壁(bi)上,挺立著一尊始雕于(yu)(yu)公元520年的(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)佛瑞(rui)像(xiang),敦(dun)煌莫高(gao)窟里(li)有它(ta)大(da)量壁(bi)畫和(he)(he)豐富文字記(ji)載(zai),諸如“盤(pan)和(he)(he)都(dou)督(du)府(fu)御(yu)谷山(shan)(shan)番禾縣北(bei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)瑞(rui)像(xiang)”、“盤(pan)和(he)(he)都(dou)督(du)府(fu)仰(yang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)番禾縣北(bei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)瑞(rui)像(xiang)”、“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者劉薩訶和(he)(he)尚”、“盤(pan)和(he)(he)都(dou)督(du)府(fu)仰(yang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)像(xiang)”等(deng)等(deng),就是講的(de)(de)該雕像(xiang)和(he)(he)它(ta)的(de)(de)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)。
中文名稱:圣容寺
所在地(di)區(qu):甘肅省金昌(chang)市永昌(chang)縣
周邊景點:驪靬(jian)古(gu)城遺址、金(jin)(jin)山(shan)寺(si)、紫金(jin)(jin)花城、金(jin)(jin)川國家礦山(shan)公園、永昌鐘鼓樓
歷史
據佛(fo)(fo)籍記載:在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)東晉十(shi)六國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)魏(wei)時(shi)期(qi),中(zhong)國(guo)有(you)(you)個稽胡(hu)族高僧叫(jiao)劉(liu)薩訶(公元(yuan)360 至(zhi)(zhi)436 年(nian)(nian)),文成郡(今山西(xi)(xi)(xi)吉縣(xian))人(ren),三十(shi)歲(sui)時(shi)出(chu)家當(dang)了和(he)(he)尚(shang),取(qu)法名(ming)釋慧達(da)。劉(liu)薩訶一(yi)生敬佛(fo)(fo)40多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian),前(qian)20多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家鄉和(he)(he)江南(nan)(nan)各地(di)(di)學法宣教,后(hou)22年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)弘揚(yang)(yang)佛(fo)(fo)法。劉(liu)薩訶生前(qian)最受時(shi)人(ren)崇仰的(de)(de)是(shi)預言準確(que),凡是(shi)他預言過(guo)的(de)(de)事,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以后(hou)幾十(shi)年(nian)(nian)乃至(zhi)(zhi)幾百年(nian)(nian)里(li),都(dou)得到了應驗。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)江南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)(he)河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區(qu)尤(you)其在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區(qu),有(you)(you)關(guan)他的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)跡活動的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)很多(duo)(duo),遺跡不少。比(bi)如有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)番(fan)禾縣(xian)預方仰容山石佛(fo)(fo)瑞像出(chu)現的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo);有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)肅州(zhou)開(kai)山暢流,救助生靈的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo);有(you)(you)開(kai)鑿莫高窟的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo);有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)番(fan)禾縣(xian)開(kai)鑿云(yun)莊石窟、修建云(yun)莊寺(si)并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這里(li)長期(qi)居(ju)住宣揚(yang)(yang)佛(fo)(fo)法的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)等(deng)等(deng)。后(hou)來他被(bei)推上(shang)了至(zhi)(zhi)高無比(bi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)位。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)佛(fo)(fo)教文獻中(zhong),他不僅被(bei)神化為觀(guan)音(yin)菩薩假形化俗,更與(yu)佛(fo)(fo)祖釋迦牟尼比(bi)肩(jian),被(bei)尊為劉(liu)師佛(fo)(fo)、劉(liu)大菩薩、佛(fo)(fo)教第二十(shi)二代尊師,河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區(qu)信仰尤(you)甚。就是(shi)這個和(he)(he)尚(shang),于北(bei)魏(wei)太(tai)武帝太(tai)延元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)435 年(nian)(nian)),第二次西(xi)(xi)(xi)去印度觀(guan)佛(fo)(fo)跡。行至(zhi)(zhi)涼州(zhou)番(fan)和(he)(he)縣(xian)(今永昌縣(xian)城西(xi)(xi)(xi)二十(shi)里(li)的(de)(de)水么(me)關(guan)一(yi)帶)向東北(bei)望御(yu)山谷(gu)說(shuo):“此山有(you)(you)奇靈祥光,將來會(hui)有(you)(you)寶(bao)像出(chu)現。寶(bao)像出(chu)現時(shi),如殘缺(que),預示著天(tian)下離 亂,黎民饑饉;如寶(bao)像肢首俱全,預示著天(tian)下太(tai)平,民生安樂(le)”。
授(shou)記之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),率弟(di)子繼(ji)續(xu)西行,行至肅州西七(qi)里(li)(li)澗,劉(liu)(liu)薩訶(he)無(wu)病而逝(shi),骨頭立時(shi)化為小碎(sui)塊(kuai),如(ru)葵籽(zi)大,當(dang)地佛(fo)僧(seng)(seng)認為是(shi)(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)薩訶(he)顯圣成佛(fo)的像征(zheng),就在(zai)那里(li)(li)修了(le)一(yi)座骨塔和(he)寺(si)(si)院,紀念(nian)劉(liu)(liu)薩訶(he)。86年(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou),到(dao)北魏(wei)孝明帝正(zheng)光元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)520 年(nian)(nian)),涼(liang)州番禾郡御谷(gu)山(shan)一(yi)帶,忽然大風驟起(qi),祥云密(mi)布,雷(lei)電交加,御谷(gu)山(shan)崩裂,絕(jue)崖(ya)石(shi)壁(bi)上現出一(yi)尊石(shi)佛(fo)瑞像,除了(le)沒有頭,其(qi)他都完好無(wu)損。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的約40 年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間中,天災(zai)人(ren)(ren)禍連連發生,百姓痛(tong)苦,正(zheng)好應(ying)驗(yan)了(le)劉(liu)(liu)薩訶(he)和(he)尚生前授(shou)記之(zhi)言。北周(zhou)明帝宇文(wen)毓元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)557 年(nian)(nian)),在(zai)距此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)山(shan)二百里(li)(li)的武威城東七(qi)里(li)(li)澗,夜(ye)現祥光,人(ren)(ren)們都去觀(guan)看,是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)尊石(shi)佛(fo)像頭。于是(shi)(shi)(shi),就把它迎送(song)到(dao)御谷(gu)山(shan),舉行了(le)祈禱儀式(shi),當(dang)眾僧(seng)(seng)侶(lv)敬捧佛(fo)首(shou)(shou)放戴于肩的時(shi)候,佛(fo)首(shou)(shou)“相去數尺,飛(fei)而暗合,無(wu)復差殊(shu)”。于是(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)民“悲欣千(qian)里(li)(li)”,禮佛(fo)慶賀。從此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),天下(xia)太平,人(ren)(ren)民安居樂業。后(hou)(hou)(hou)來,北周(zhou)皇帝宇文(wen)邕知道(dao)了(le)這些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)后(hou)(hou)(hou),就派(pai)遣宇文(wen)儉親(qin)往察驗(yan)。并(bing)于保定元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)561 年(nian)(nian))下(xia)旨,調集涼(liang)州、甘(gan)州、肅州三(san)州力役(yi)三(san)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)造寺(si)(si),三(san)年(nian)(nian)建(jian)成,寺(si)(si)分三(san)處。該(gai)寺(si)(si)初有僧(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)七(qi)十人(ren)(ren),敕賜(si)寺(si)(si)額為“瑞像寺(si)(si)”,從此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),香火盛極,僧(seng)(seng)侶(lv)眾多。到(dao)建(jian)德初年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)572 年(nian)(nian))一(yi)天夜(ye)間,瑞像佛(fo)首(shou)(shou)自行落地,僧(seng)(seng)侶(lv)官(guan)府(fu)驚愕,馬上把此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)報告了(le)朝廷,皇帝派(pai)大冢宰和(he)齊(qi)王(wang)親(qin)臨驗(yan)察,并(bing)舉行儀式(shi)重新安放,但是(shi)(shi)(shi),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)白天安好,夜(ye)晚(wan)脫(tuo)落,反復十余次,仍然如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。
時過不(bu)久,到(dao)(dao)建(jian)德三年,武帝(di)焚(fen)寺(si)(si)滅法(fa),天(tian)下寺(si)(si)院(yuan)遭到(dao)(dao)焚(fen)燒(shao),廣大僧眾受到(dao)(dao)嚴厲打擊,番禾(he)郡的瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang)寺(si)(si)遭到(dao)(dao)了(le)被焚(fen)厄運(yun)。因此,人們更(geng)信仰神(shen)僧劉薩訶的預言(yan)。隋朝建(jian)立后,隋文帝(di)提倡佛法(fa),佛教(jiao)再度興(xing)旺,番禾(he)縣瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang)寺(si)(si)得以(yi)重建(jian),瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang)身首復(fu)合一體(ti),隋大業五年(公元609年)煬帝(di)西巡河西,親臨該寺(si)(si)拜謁瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang),御筆將瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang)寺(si)(si)改名感通寺(si)(si),施舍(she)了(le)大量(liang)財寶(bao),下旨(zhi)擴(kuo)建(jian)增(zeng)修寺(si)(si)院(yuan)。并令天(tian)下模寫石佛瑞(rui)(rui)像(xiang)供奉,不(bu)久,感通寺(si)(si)聲震全國,馳(chi)名西域。
唐(tang)朝,由于佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)在中(zhong)國更加(jia)興盛(sheng),地處絲綢之路要(yao)津的(de)古(gu)番(fan)禾(he)縣感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si),成了(le)與西方佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文化融匯的(de)中(zhong)心寺(si)(si)院(yuan),因此,唐(tang)朝皇帝非常重視這座寺(si)(si)院(yuan),太宗(zong)貞觀十年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)636 年(nian)(nian)),感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si)像(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)出現(xian)鳳鳥(niao)蔽日(ri)祥兆,太宗(zong)派使(shi)供養;貞觀十八年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)644年(nian)(nian))三藏法師從五天竺取經(jing)歸途中(zhong),來感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si)拜佛(fo)(fo)講(jiang)經(jing),并講(jiang)說了(le)感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si)石佛(fo)(fo)瑞像(xiang)(xiang)的(de)由來。唐(tang)中(zhong)宗(zong)時(shi)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)684 —710 年(nian)(nian)),中(zhong)宗(zong)多次派特(te)使(shi)郭元(yuan)振、霍嗣(si)光等到(dao)寺(si)(si)敬物。朝廷(ting)敕令在寺(si)(si)后像(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)頂上(shang)和寺(si)(si)前隔河半山(shan)腰間修建了(le)大小佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)各一座。至今雄偉壯觀。到(dao)中(zhong)唐(tang),即(ji)代宗(zong)李(li)豫(yu)廣德二年(nian)(nian)(764年(nian)(nian))吐蕃(fan)攻陷涼州(zhou),番(fan)禾(he)縣也為吐蕃(fan)所據。番(fan)禾(he)縣感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si)吐蕃(fan)統(tong)治時(shi)香火很盛(sheng),據莫高窟壁畫和文獻記載可知,古(gu)番(fan)禾(he)縣感通(tong)(tong)寺(si)(si)吐蕃(fan)統(tong)時(shi)改(gai)稱為圣(sheng)容寺(si)(si)。
宋朝,在(zai)(zai)西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)統治的(de)190 余年中(zhong)(zhong),古番(fan)禾縣(xian)(xian)(西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi)改設永州)圣(sheng)(sheng)容寺的(de)佛事活動依然興旺。據(ju)今(jin)存(cun)于該寺前石壁的(de)西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)文和莫高窟(ku)有(you)關資料記載,西(xi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)時(shi)(shi),這座(zuo)寺院曾進行(xing)了(le)(le)重修(xiu)或維(wei)修(xiu)。元朝統治時(shi)(shi),這里民(min)(min)間的(de)香火還是不斷的(de),但(dan)已經走向了(le)(le)衰敗(bai)。明朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi),由于在(zai)(zai)縣(xian)(xian)城內和縣(xian)(xian)城附近興建很多(duo)寺廟,而遠(yuan)在(zai)(zai)城北二(er)十里望(wang)御(yu)山(shan)谷的(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)容寺更(geng)加冷落衰敗(bai)。到清(qing)代中(zhong)(zhong)后期(qi)至(zhi)民(min)(min)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi),圣(sheng)(sheng)容寺逐步地(di)被廢棄了(le)(le)。解放(fang)初,僅存(cun)欲頹的(de)山(shan)門和幾間僧(seng)房,于1953年,在(zai)(zai)破除(chu)封(feng)建迷信(xin)活動中(zhong)(zhong),被當地(di)居民(min)(min)拆除(chu)。
景點
在圣容寺彎延(yan)兩公里(li)的御山峽谷中(zhong),現存有河西最(zui)早的唐塔(ta)、漢、明(ming)長城、西夏六(liu)體文石刻、西夏墓葬群、高昌王墓、花大門石刻等多處(chu)文物(wu)古跡(ji)。