禪佛圣地
1919年(nian),梅(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)市梅(mei)縣(xian)(xian)區佛(fo)教協會成(cheng)立(li),禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)(lin)寺住(zhu)持善(shan)開法(fa)師(shi)任(ren)(ren)首屆會長,在禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)(lin)寺設立(li)佛(fo)學(xue)院(yuan),并由其(qi)兼(jian)(jian)任(ren)(ren)院(yuan)長,培養了不少正(zheng)法(fa)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)僧(seng),名(ming)聞遐邇。傳至應章法(fa)師(shi)任(ren)(ren)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)(lin)寺住(zhu)持兼(jian)(jian)任(ren)(ren)院(yuan)長后不久停辦。由于歷史(shi)原因,禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)(lin)寺這個(ge)佛(fo)教叢林(lin)(lin)為(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所用。為(wei)(wei)了落實黨和國家的宗教政(zheng)策,并應各階層人土要求,1999年(nian)經(jing)政(zheng)府批準(zhun)決定把禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)(lin)寺遷建(jian)于梅(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)市梅(mei)縣(xian)(xian)區畬江(jiang)鎮畬江(jiang)公(gong)園的東山上,新(xin)址周圍(wei)眾山環抱,座北向南,兩邊操(cao)手(shou)平衡,形似(si)大佛(fo)座壇,山前(qian)溪(xi)水繞流,猶如(ru)玉帶纏腰,面朝(chao)大江(jiang),長樂江(jiang)水順來朝(chao),遠眺蓮花山,山嵐相疊,似(si)片片蓮瓣現眼前(qian),是天然禪(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)佛(fo)圣地。
遷建概況
遷建(jian)后的(de)梅州禪林寺(si)址,占(zhan)地面積(ji)約(yue)百(bai)畝,按佛門(men)風范結(jie)合時代特色進行規劃(hua)設計,其主體(ti)布(bu)局規劃(hua),由(you)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)門(men)依(yi)次(ci)是:五方(fang)(fang)佛塔(ta)(ta)——千(qian)手觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)——法(fa)堂——天(tian)王殿(dian)——山(shan)(shan)門(men)。山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)建(jian)五方(fang)(fang)佛塔(ta)(ta),佛塔(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)基1089平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),主塔(ta)(ta)高19米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),四個副塔(ta)(ta)各高6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。千(qian)手觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian),高14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);兩側副殿(dian)各高10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長23米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),法(fa)堂,高12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);天(tian)王殿(dian),高10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);兩旁鼓(gu)樓(lou)鐘樓(lou);山(shan)(shan)門(men),高10.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長22.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);山(shan)(shan)門(men)至(zhi)天(tian)王殿(dian)之間(jian)(jian)是放生池,池面建(jian)九龍橋。觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)至(zhi)佛塔(ta)(ta)筑九十九階(jie)臺。觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)門(men)左右兩傍,按用途分別建(jian)兩層樓(lou)房(fang),樓(lou)房(fang)之間(jian)(jian)長廊銜接。整(zheng)個寺(si)廟建(jian)成后,莊嚴(yan)壯觀(guan)(guan),既富有佛家(jia)風范,又具有客家(jia)文化特色。它與公園、烈士紀念陵園,雖各具一格,自成一局,但又自然連成一個旅游景點的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)布(bu)局。
禪林(lin)寺的(de)所在地梅州市(shi)梅縣區畬(yu)江鎮,距梅州市(shi)區40公(gong)(gong)里(li),地處(chu)206國道(dao),往汕(shan)頭必經之路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),既是廣(guang)梅汕(shan)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、閩粵鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)交匯點,又是梅汕(shan)高速(su)(su)、梅河(he)高速(su)(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)匯合處(chu)。目(mu)前圓(yuan)通寶殿(觀音(yin)大殿)已建成,殿內(nei)供奉:由普陀山觀音(yin)道(dao)場戒忍大和尚主持開光(guang)分(fen)靈(ling)分(fen)香請來的(de)南海觀音(yin),以(yi)及(ji)8米(mi)高的(de)千(qian)手(shou)千(qian)眼觀音(yin),還(huan)有觀音(yin)32身(shen)和送子觀音(yin)。圓(yuan)通寶殿兩邊,分(fen)別是方丈樓(僧房)和功德堂(tang),功德堂(tang)內(nei)供地藏王菩薩,供各(ge)善(shan)(shan)信供奉先靈(ling)牌位。還(huan)是有齋(zhai)堂(tang)和客房,供善(shan)(shan)信住宿(su)和素(su)食(shi)用餐。寺前石拱大橋由梁雅佳、李(li)翠華伉儷等捐資已建好,路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)已接通,但未筑水泥路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)面。
五方佛塔
山頂五方(fang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)已在動工興建(jian)(jian)中,是遷建(jian)(jian)禪林寺總(zong)體規劃的(de)(de)重點項目,修建(jian)(jian)菩提(ti)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)嚴格按佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教傳統(tong)量(liang)度要(yao)求設計,整座塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)平(ping)臺1089平(ping)萬(wan)米,中央主(zhu)(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)矗立寺后主(zhu)(zhu)峰之上,高19米,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)四(si)(si)邊(bian)(bian)各邊(bian)(bian)長9.9米,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)體白色(se)材(cai)料裝(zhuang)飾(shi),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)供(gong)奉(feng)釋(shi)迦牟(mou)尼(ni)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法身大日(ri)如(ru)來(如(ru)供(gong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)舍利),黃色(se),屬(shu)土。東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北(bei)四(si)(si)方(fang)各建(jian)(jian)副塔(ta)(ta)(ta)一座,高6米,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)四(si)(si)邊(bian)(bian)各邊(bian)(bian)長3.18米。東(dong)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)供(gong)奉(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)健康(kang)的(de)(de)藥師琉璃光佛(fo)(fo)(fo),青色(se),屬(shu)木(mu)。西(xi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)供(gong)奉(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)長壽(shou)的(de)(de)阿彌陀佛(fo)(fo)(fo),白色(se),屬(shu)金。南(nan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)供(gong)奉(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)財(cai)富的(de)(de)寶生如(ru)來佛(fo)(fo)(fo),紅色(se),屬(shu)火。北(bei)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)供(gong)奉(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)業成就(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)成就(jiu)(jiu)如(ru)來佛(fo)(fo)(fo),屬(shu)水,黑色(se)。統(tong)稱五方(fang)菩提(ti)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。
寺院建筑
梅州禪林寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)建筑(zhu)(zhu),基本上都是漢式建筑(zhu)(zhu),其建筑(zhu)(zhu)形式來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)佛(fo)教濫觴時期的(de)(de)洛陽鴻臚(lu)寺(si)(si)。眾所周知,鴻臚(lu)寺(si)(si)是東(dong)漢專管朝祭禮儀的(de)(de)官(guan)署,只因西域(yu)來(lai)的(de)(de)攝摩騰(teng)和竺法蘭(lan)兩位僧(seng)人(ren),用白馬(ma)馱經書來(lai)此(ci)翻譯(yi)和傳法,中原(yuan)人(ren)便效仿他們住的(de)(de)地方建筑(zhu)(zhu)了后來(lai)的(de)(de)佛(fo)教道(dao)場一(yi)一(yi)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)。因此(ci),可以這(zhe)么說(shuo),禪林寺(si)(si)是飛檐斗拱式的(de)(de)佛(fo)教寺(si)(si)院(yuan)。
寺院現狀
現在(zai)的(de)(de)梅州禪(chan)林寺(si)按漢(han)傳佛(fo)教叢林軌儀(yi)辦寺(si),常住均是持戒(jie)清(qing)凈的(de)(de)出家(jia)比丘。每(mei)天(tian)晨(chen)鐘暮鼓,做早(zao)、晚課,上午(wu)上供(gong)禮佛(fo)。每(mei)月(yue)基本安排固(gu)定(ding)法會外,順應善(shan)信(xin)所(suo)求做各項佛(fo)事,如(ru)放焰口(kou)、拜懺、超度、灑凈等,為(wei)善(shan)信(xin)消災增福慧,冥陽(yang)兩利。寺(si)內還設有(you)光明智慧燈供(gong)善(shan)信(xin)供(gong)奉觀(guan)音菩薩,特(te)設長(chang)年消災增福祿位(wei)牌為(wei)善(shan)信(xin)供(gong)奉(于每(mei)年農(nong)歷12月(yue)十(shi)九為(wei)完愿日)。
寺廟布局
梅州禪(chan)林寺(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)為山門(men),山門(men)內左右分別為鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou),正面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內有四大(da)金剛塑像,后(hou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)依次為大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和藏(zang)經樓(lou),僧房、齋堂則分列正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)左右兩側(ce)。大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)要、最(zui)(zui)龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),“大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)”即(ji)為佛(fo)(fo)(fo)祖釋加牟尼。隋(sui)唐以前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si),一(yi)般(ban)在寺(si)(si)(si)(si)前(qian)(qian)或(huo)宅(zhai)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心造塔(ta),隋(sui)唐以后(hou),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)普遍代(dai)替了(le)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta),寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)內大(da)都另(ling)辟塔(ta)院(yuan)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)不論(lun)規模地點(dian),其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有一(yi)定規律的(de)(de)(de)(de):平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)方形,以山門(men)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)———天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)———大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)———本寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主供菩薩(sa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)———法堂———藏(zang)經樓(lou)這(zhe)條南(nan)北縱深軸(zhou)線來組織空間(jian),對稱(cheng)穩重(zhong)(zhong)且(qie)整(zheng)飭嚴謹。沿著這(zhe)條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線,前(qian)(qian)后(hou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)起承轉(zhuan)合(he),宛若一(yi)曲(qu)前(qian)(qian)呼后(hou)應(ying)、氣韻(yun)生動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)章。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)美就響應(ying)在群山、松(song)柏、流水、殿(dian)(dian)(dian)落(luo)與(yu)亭廊的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)呼應(ying)之(zhi)間(jian),含蓄溫蘊,展示出(chu)組合(he)變幻所(suo)賦予的(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧(xie)、寧(ning)靜及韻(yun)味。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古人(ren)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)上有很深的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰陽宇宙觀和崇(chong)尚(shang)對稱(cheng)、秩(zhi)序、穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美心理。因此中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)融合(he)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭祀(si)祖宗、天地的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能,仍然是(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)方形、南(nan)北中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線布(bu)局(ju)(ju)(ju)、對稱(cheng)穩重(zhong)(zhong)且(qie)整(zheng)飭嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群體。此外(wai),園林式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)也較(jiao)普遍。這(zhe)兩種藝(yi)術格(ge)局(ju)(ju)(ju)使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)既(ji)有典雅莊重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廟(miao)堂氣氛,又極(ji)富自然情趣,且(qie)意境深遠。