全稱《西(xi)岳(yue)華山廟碑(bei)》,延熹四(si)年(公(gong)元161年)四(si)月刻,是(shi)漢碑(bei)隸書(shu)成(cheng)熟時期的代表(biao)作之一(yi)。
漢隸——華山碑
漢代隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)。全稱《西岳華(hua)山廟碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》,延熹四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元161年(nian)(nian))四月刻(ke),此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)與《禮器碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》一樣被譽為漢隸(li)(li)中典范(fan),結(jie)字(zi)堂(tang)堂(tang)正正,字(zi)、行(xing)距齊(qi)整,波磔(zhe)秀美。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)原在陜(shan)西華(hua)陰縣西岳廟中,明(ming)嘉靖三十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(一五五五)毀于地震。隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu),二十(shi)(shi)(shi)二行(xing),行(xing)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)八字(zi)。額篆(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)“西岳華(hua)山廟碑(bei)(bei)(bei)”六字(zi)。末行(xing)有“郭(guo)香查(cha)書(shu)(shu)”字(zi)樣。《華(hua)山碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》是漢碑(bei)(bei)(bei)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)成熟時期的(de)代表作之一。書(shu)(shu)風樸茂(mao)古拙又圓轉(zhuan)流動;用筆豐滿(man)中和(he)又波磔(zhe)明(ming)顯(xian),為書(shu)(shu)家所推重(zhong)。
周(zhou)禮(li)職方(fang)氏,(河南山鎮曰(yue)崋,謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西岳,春秋傳曰(yue),山岳則配(pei)天(tian),乾?定)位(wei)(wei),山澤通氣(qi),云行雨(yu)施,既(ji)成萬物(wu),易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(也(ye),祀典曰(yue):日(ri)月星辰(chen),所(suo)昭(zhao)昂也(ye),地理山川(chuan),所(suo)生殖也(ye),功)加於民,祀以報之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。禮(li)記曰(yue):天(tian)子祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)地,及(山川(chuan),歲(sui)?焉(yan)(yan),自三五(wu)迭興(xing),其(qi)(qi)奉(feng)山川(chuan),或在(zai)天(tian)子,或在(zai)(諸侯,是以唐虞疇咨四(si)(si)岳,五(wu)歲(sui)壹巡(xun)狩(shou),皆以四(si)(si)(時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中月,各省其(qi)(qi)方(fang),親(qin)至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)山,柴祭(ji)(ji)燔燎),〔夏(xia)〕商則未聞所(suo)損益,周(zhou)鑒於二(er)代,十有(you)二(er)歲(sui),王巡(xun)狩(shou)殷(國,亦有(you))事(shi)於方(fang)岳,祀以圭(璧,樂(le)奏六歌),高祖初興(xing),改秦淫祀。太宗(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)循,各詔(zhao)有(you)司,其(qi)(qi)山川(chuan)在(zai)諸侯者(zhe),以時祠(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孝(xiao)武皇帝(di)修封禪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(禮(li)),〔恩〕登假之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,巡(xun)省五(wu)岳,禋祀豐〔備〕,故立(li)宮其(qi)(qi)下(xia),宮曰(yue)集靈宮,壂曰(yue)存仙(xian)壂,門(men)曰(yue)望仙(xian)門(men)。仲宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,重使(shi)使(shi)者(zhe)持(chi)(節祀)焉(yan)(yan),歲(sui)一禱(dao)而三祠(ci),后不承(cheng)(cheng)前,(至(zhi)(zhi))於亡(wang)新,寖(jin)用丘虛,迄今垣趾營兆(zhao)猶存,建(jian)武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元,事(shi)舉其(qi)(qi)中,禮(li)從其(qi)(qi)省,但使(shi)二(er)千石以歲(sui)時往(祠(ci)),其(qi)(qi)有(you)風旱(han),禱(dao)請祈(qi)求,靡不報應,自是以來,百有(you)余年(nian),有(you)事(shi)西巡(xun),輒過亨(heng)祭(ji)(ji),然其(qi)(qi)所(suo)立(li)碑石,刻(紀時事(shi)),文字摩滅,莫能存識,延(yan)熹四(si)(si)年(nian)七(qi)月甲子,弘農大(da)守安國亭侯汝南袁逢,掌(zhang)崋岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)位(wei)(wei),應古(gu)制修廢起頓,閔其(qi)(qi)若茲,深達和民事(shi)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義,精通誠至(zhi)(zhi)礿祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福,乃案經傳所(suo)載,原(yuan)本(ben)所(suo)由,銘勒斯石,垂(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於后,其(qi)(qi)辭曰(yue):
巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)西岳(yue)(yue),峻極穹(qiong)蒼,奄有河朔,遂(sui)荒(huang)崋陽,觸石興云,雨我農(nong)桑,資糧品物,亦相瑤(yao)光,崇冠(guan)二州,古曰雝梁,馮於豳岐,文武克昌,天子展(zhan)義(yi),巡狩省方,玉(yu)帛(bo)之贄,禮與岱亢,六樂之變,舞(wu)以致(zhi)康,在漢中葉,建(jian)設宇堂,山(shan)岳(yue)(yue)之守,是秩(zhi)是望,侯惟安國,兼命斯章,尊修(xiu)靈基,肅共壇場(chang),明德惟馨(xin),神歆(xin)其芳,遏禳兇札,?#91;斂(lian)吉祥(xiang),歲其有年,民〔說〕無疆。
袁(yuan)府(fu)君(jun)(jun)肅恭(gong)明神,易碑飾闕(que),會遷京兆尹(yin),孫(sun)府(fu)君(jun)(jun)到(dao),欽(qin)若嘉業,遵而成之,延熹八年四月(yue)廿九日甲子(zi)就,袁(yuan)府(fu)君(jun)(jun)諱逢,字周陽,汝南(nan)女陽人,孫(sun)府(fu)君(jun)(jun)諱璆,字山(shan)陵,安平(ping)信都(dou)人,時令朱頡(jie),字宣得(de),甘陵鄃人,丞(cheng)張昉,字少(shao)游,河(he)南(nan)京人,左尉(wei)唐佑(you),字君(jun)(jun)惠(hui),河(he)南(nan)密人,主者(zhe)掾崋陰王(wang)萇(chang),字得(de)長,京兆尹(yin)?監都(dou)水掾霸陵〔杜遷〕市石(shi),遣〔書〕佐(zuo)新豐郭?察(cha)書,刻者(zhe)潁川邯鄲(dan)公(gong)修(xiu)〔蘇(su)〕張,工郭君(jun)(jun)〔遷〕。
清代朱彝尊評此碑說(shuo):“漢(han)隸凡(fan)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)整(zheng),一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)流麗(li),一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)奇古。惟延(yan)熹《華(hua)(hua)岳(yue)碑》正(zheng)變乖合,靡(mi)所(suo)不有(you),兼三(san)者之長(chang),當為漢(han)隸第一品。”方(fang)朔《枕經堂金石(shi)書畫提拔》中云(yun):“字字起棱(leng),筆(bi)筆(bi)如(ru)鑄,意包(bao)千古,勢(shi)壓三(san)峰。”(《金石(shi)文字跋尾》)。劉熙載也說(shuo):“漢(han)碑蕭(xiao)散如(ru)韓敕、孔(kong)宙,嚴密如(ru)衡方(fang)、張遷,皆隸之盛也,若華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)碑,磅礴郁積,流漓頓挫,意味(wei)尤不可窮(qiong)極。”。”《華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)碑》傳世拓本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)只(zhi)有(you)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):長(chang)垣(yuan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),華(hua)(hua)陰本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),四明本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),李(li)文田本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。除(chu)長(chang)垣(yuan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)為宋拓外,其余(yu)均為明拓。此次印行之拓即為長(chang)垣(yuan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),惜(xi)原物已流入日本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。