簡介
清康(kang)熙四(si)(si)(si)十八年(nian)九月,因(yin)(yin)(yin)強烈地震,高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)保(bao)安寺(si)殿堂傾(qing)圮,后(hou)經四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)修(xiu)整方(fang)(fang)復原貌。至乾隆年(nian)間,廟(miao)(miao)寺(si)再(zai)次傾(qing)于(yu)地震之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)災,時由住持廣壽法(fa)師,率(lv)徒續(xu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)、續(xu)行(xing),啟發地方(fang)(fang)善信,保(bao)其存者(zhe),補其毀者(zhe)。至咸(xian)豐八年(nian)同(tong)增建(jian)的(de)磚牌坊(fang)、東西(xi)天池、轉圈樓以及山門,廣場、影樓戲臺全(quan)部竣工。地方(fang)(fang)紳(shen)士尊其三教同(tong)源之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說,將(jiang)最頂(ding)層(ceng)供奉玉皇大帝,故(gu)爾新廟(miao)(miao)又稱“玉皇閣”。一(yi)九四(si)(si)(si)二年(nian)農歷(li)二月十五(wu)日(ri),因(yin)(yin)(yin)廟(miao)(miao)會失火,高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)保(bao)安寺(si)磚牌坊(fang)以上的(de)建(jian)筑全(quan)部付之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)炬(ju),次年(nian)由信士梁邦振、詹毓(yu)麟(lin)等助捐(juan)募化,陳銘信士提任木(mu)工總設(she)計,再(zai)與土木(mu),歷(li)時四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)方(fang)(fang)完工。新建(jian)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)其執事(shi)瑤池徒,將(jiang)瑤池金(jin)母和十二仙女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像供于(yu)最頂(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng),所以新建(jian)廟(miao)(miao)宇又稱“高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)”。
特色
高(gao)(gao)(gao)廟保安寺的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑特點是(shi)集中(zhong)、緊湊(cou)、重疊(die)、回(hui)曲、高(gao)(gao)(gao)雅。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計縱向沿中(zhong)軸線展開,橫向左(zuo)右對稱,逐次伸(shen)進(jin),升高(gao)(gao)(gao),平(ping)地高(gao)(gao)(gao)臺渾(hun)為一體。其布局上下貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),前(qian)部分是(shi)保安寺,山門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)接引樓(lou),簡樸(pu)淡(dan)雅。進(jin)山門(men)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)院落,迎(ying)面是(shi)三(san)鳳朝陽的(de)木(mu)刻(ke)小牌(pai)坊,小巧俊秀,亭亭玉立(li),往北步和(he)古樸(pu)大(da)(da)方(fang)的(de)天王殿(dian)(dian),東西兩(liang)側各有(you)祠堂,院落左(zuo)右廂各配殿(dian)(dian)宇。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)天王殿(dian)(dian),登(deng)十二(er)級臺階,下有(you)東西貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)弧形隧道,叫(jiao)地獄宮,清咸(xian)豐八(ba)(ba)年增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)三(san)孔(kong)磚(zhuan)牌(pai)坊,巍然屹(yi)立(li)在(zai)(zai)隧道之(zhi)(zhi)上。設(she)計別(bie)具匠(jiang)心,磚(zhuan)雕(diao)工藝(yi)精美,內容豐富多彩。再十二(er)級臺階,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過“華(hua)藏(zang)玄門(men)”,繞過屏障,迎(ying)面是(shi)重疊(die)三(san)層(ceng)的(de)主(zhu)樓(lou),一層(ceng)為“大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)”,二(er)層(ceng)為“西方(fang)三(san)圣殿(dian)(dian)”,三(san)層(ceng)為“五方(fang)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)”。主(zhu)樓(lou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er)十九米,為九轉七工程,大(da)(da)層(ceng)頂(ding)騰空拔起,氣勢宏(hong)偉。主(zhu)樓(lou)前(qian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)三(san)層(ceng)玲(ling)瓏(long)俊秀的(de)“大(da)(da)悲閣(ge)”(俗稱中(zhong)樓(lou)),其造型之(zhi)(zhi)奇特,雕(diao)刻(ke)藝(yi)術之(zhi)(zhi)精美為全寺這(zhe)精華(hua)。其底層(ceng)為透風過廳,四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)宇,排列有(you)序的(de)翹(qiao)首飛檐三(san)層(ceng)共有(you)三(san)十六個。在(zai)(zai)三(san)樓(lou)脊頂(ding)中(zhong)起一座八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)塔(ta),猶如鳳冠;在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)悲閣(ge)東兩(liang)側又建(jian)(jian)(jian)雙層(ceng)樓(lou)閣(ge)(即鐘(zhong)鼓樓(lou))如鳳凰(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)翼(yi)。從整體看,整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑似(si)鳳凰(huang)展翅,給人(ren)以欲飛的(de)感覺。
保(bao)安寺是近(jin)代三教合(he)一的典型(xing)寺院(yuan),如(ru)寺內小牌樓有(you)寓意三教合(he)一的對聯(lian)∶上聯(lian)“廟貌巍峨(e)清凈通(tong)一氣”,下聯(lian)“神(shen)靈感應慈悲忠恕不(bu)二門”,橫批(pi)“三教同源”。磚(zhuan)牌坊之(zhi)磚(zhuan)柱上聯(lian)“儒(ru)釋(shi)道之(zhi)度我度他皆從這里”,下聯(lian)“天在人之(zhi)自造自化盡在此間”。殿內塑(su)像(xiang)有(you)佛像(xiang)、神(shen)仙和孔圣牌位,反映出(chu)明清時期(qi)儒(ru)釋(shi)道三教融合(he)、和諧相(xiang)處(chu)的狀況。
“十年浩劫”期間,歷代儒(ru)釋(shi)道(dao)神(shen)像盡遭搗毀之厄,高廟保安寺(si)除(chu)一口(kou)古(gu)鐘和(he)部(bu)分建筑物外(wai),殿(dian)堂(tang)內的設施,經(jing)書(shu)、法器全部(bu)毀壞,蕩然無存,寺(si)僧被逐。
現狀
十(shi)一屆三中全會以(yi)后(hou),政府拔款三十(shi)六萬(wan)八千元,信眾(zhong)集資(zi)七十(shi)多(duo)萬(wan)元,對(dui)高廟保安寺進行(xing)全面整(zheng)修。按照佛(fo)教內容雕(diao)塑佛(fo)像、精工(gong)彩畫,十(shi)六位僧人常住(zhu),由佛(fo)教界自(zi)主管理,現成為寧南佛(fo)教中心,為振興(xing)中寧夏佛(fo)教作出貢獻。
現任住持(chi)為(wei)宗相法師,一九八八年選為(wei)自治區佛(fo)協(xie)常(chang)務理(li)事,中衛縣佛(fo)協(xie)副(fu)會長,一九九五年選為(wei)中衛縣佛(fo)協(xie)會長。
自然氣候
中(zhong)衛市保安寺(si)深居內陸,遠離海洋,靠近沙漠(mo),屬半干(gan)(gan)旱(han)氣候(hou),具有典型(xing)的大陸性(xing)季風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)和沙漠(mo)氣候(hou)的特(te)點。春暖遲、秋(qiu)涼(liang)早、夏(xia)熱短、冬(dong)寒長,風(feng)(feng)大沙多,干(gan)(gan)旱(han)少雨。年平均氣溫(wen)在7.3-9.5℃之(zhi)間,最佳游寺(si)時(shi)間在春秋(qiu)兩(liang)季。
寺廟歷史
保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si),原名新廟,又名高廟。位于寧廈回(hui)族自治區(qu)中衛縣城(cheng)北(bei),環(huan)境清(qing)幽,保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si)布局緊湊,建筑巍峨,層樓重疊,飛檐(yan)翹角(jiao),雄偉壯觀(guan)。保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si)景觀(guan)具有70多年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)的保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si)位于安(an)(an)(an)達市區(qu)北(bei)引路北(bei)側,是安(an)(an)(an)達著(zhu)名的佛(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)和(he)宗教(jiao)活(huo)動場所。該寺(si)(si)俗稱(cheng)姑子庵(an),始建于民國(guo)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)),稱(cheng)念(nian)佛(fo)堂(tang)。偽康德9年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1942年(nian)(nian)(nian))正式命(ming)名保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si),供奉彌勒佛(fo)、觀(guan)音,大勢至菩薩。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)重新修(xiu)建,保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si)現占地(di)面積10000多平方(fang)米,保(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)(si)創建于明代以前,明永樂(le)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1403-1424)曾增修(xiu),先修(xiu)天王殿,后(hou)(hou)又增建中樓。清(qing)康熙四十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1709)秋,因地(di)震坍塌重修(xiu)。后(hou)(hou)經道光二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1822)、咸豐三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1853)、光緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882)陸續(xu)增建東西轉(zhuan)角(jiao)樓,并與中樓相互銜接。
到(dao)民(min)國初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)增(zeng)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)三(san)層(ceng)。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中樓(lou)與大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)三(san)層(ceng)毀于火(huo),1943年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)除(chu)按原樣修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)外,又(you)增(zeng)建(jian)了(le)鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)和(he)僧舍(she)。現已成為(wei)(wei)擁有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)當規格的寺(si)院古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群。地安門(men)(men)西大街(jie)路北(bei)(bei)。元至正年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian),原有(you)(you)寺(si)僧義(yi)佛住(zhu)錫,相(xiang)(xiang)傳僧聰(cong)慧(hui)異(yi)于常(chang)人,學習佛經過目能(neng)誦。寺(si)本無(wu)名,由于義(yi)佛聰(cong)慧(hui)如半(ban)部藏經,被稱為(wei)(wei)半(ban)藏寺(si)。元至正七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1347),義(yi)佛之(zhi)(zhi)徒智存請求(qiu)寺(si)名,丞相(xiang)(xiang)布哈奏請,賜(si)名為(wei)(wei)義(yi)利寺(si)。明嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),改(gai)名保安寺(si)。明隆慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1568)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。寺(si)內(nei)有(you)(you)明萬(wan)歷(li)十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1589)、清(qing)(qing)康(kang)熙二(er)(1663)、清(qing)(qing)嘉慶十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1812)所立碑。寺(si)坐北(bei)(bei)朝南,分東西兩院。西院依次為(wei)(wei)山門(men)(men)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)、正殿(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)帶(dai)廊(lang)、后殿(dian)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(3間(jian)(jian)(jian)吞(tun)廊(lang))、東西配殿(dian)各(ge)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)。東院有(you)(you)殿(dian)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),規模(mo)較(jiao)西院略小,其(qi)西配殿(dian)即為(wei)(wei)西院之(zhi)(zhi)東配殿(dian),一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),東廂房3間(jian)(jian)(jian),三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)。全(quan)寺(si)共有(you)(you)古(gu)建(jian)房屋37間(jian)(jian)(jian)。有(you)(you)3通(tong)石碑砌筑(zhu)墻(qiang)內(nei),山門(men)(men)已無(wu)存。現為(wei)(wei)民(min)居(ju)。西城區(qu)文物保護單位。清(qing)(qing)康(kang)熙四(si)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))九(jiu)月(yue),寧夏發生強烈(lie)地震(zhen),使上(shang)層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)全(quan)部傾圮。地震(zhen)后重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)繕完工,起名新廟(miao)(miao)。清(qing)(qing)乾隆三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)四(si)日(公(gong)(gong)元1739年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)3日),寧夏再次發生強烈(lie)地震(zhen),寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)的大部分建(jian)筑(zhu)倒塌。之(zhi)(zhi)后,又(you)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。清(qing)(qing)咸豐八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元1858年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))增(zeng)建(jian)了(le)門(men)(men)前(qian)廣場上(shang)的法戒樓(lou)和(he)寺(si)院內(nei)的磚砌牌坊、東西轉樓(lou)、東西天(tian)池(chi),改(gai)稱玉皇閣。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷(li)二(er)月(yue)十(shi)五日,在此舉行廟(miao)(miao)會,因(yin)香火(huo)不(bu)慎,造成重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大火(huo)災,使南天(tian)門(men)(men)以上(shang)建(jian)筑(zhu)一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)部焚(fen)毀,蕩然無(wu)存。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再度(du)興(xing)工重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),并擴大殿(dian)宇,增(zeng)加高度(du),歷(li)時(shi)4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),于1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工,起名保安寺(si),即為(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)20世紀(ji)40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、增(zeng)建(jian)后的定型。其(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)風格依然以清(qing)(qing)代古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)(wei)主體。
人文景觀
古(gu)城中(zhong)衛城北建(jian)在(zai)(zai)接連(lian)城墻的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)臺上的(de)(de)(de)雄(xiong)偉古(gu)建(jian)筑——高(gao)(gao)廟(miao),格外引人(ren)注目。高(gao)(gao)廟(miao),始建(jian)于明永樂年間(jian),稱新廟(miao)。清(qing)康熙四十(shi)八(ba)年(公(gong)元1710年)秋,因地震坍塌重(zhong)建(jian),后經道光二(er)年、咸豐三(san)(san)年、光緒八(ba)年續建(jian),改(gai)稱玉皇閣。民國(guo)初年增建(jian)后,改(gai)稱保(bao)安(an)寺,建(jian)筑面積達2510平(ping)方(fang)米,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)處造型完整、氣魄壯美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)。保(bao)安(an)寺坐北朝(chao)南。前院為保(bao)安(an)寺,進入山門(men),耀眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)單檐歇山頂大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)正(zheng)(zheng)面屹立;兩側廂房、地藏宮(gong)(gong)、三(san)(san)霄宮(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)3座配殿(dian)各具特色。保(bao)安(an)寺后就是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)廟(miao)主體建(jian)筑。沿24級青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪(pu)砌的(de)(de)(de)臺階而(er)上,高(gao)(gao)廟(miao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕牌(pai)坊(fang)聳(song)立眼(yan)前。牌(pai)坊(fang)立的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)副對聯(lian)十(shi)分(fen)有(you)趣。上聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):儒(ru)釋(shi)道之度我度他皆從這里(li);下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):天(tian)(tian)地人(ren)之自造自化盡在(zai)(zai)此間(jian);橫批是(shi)(shi):無上法橋。過南天(tian)(tian)門(men),達中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)靈巧別致(zhi),六角三(san)(san)重(zhong)檐四面坡頂分(fen)三(san)(san)層疊(die)合。途中(zhong)兩側有(you)東西天(tian)(tian)池(chi)和(he)(he)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌天(tian)(tian)池(chi),分(fen)別有(you)飛橋同南天(tian)(tian)門(men)相(xiang)連(lian),渾(hun)然(ran)一(yi)(yi)體。中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上層塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)太白金(jin)星像(xiang),肅穆尊嚴(yan);中(zhong)層塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)音像(xiang),寧靜慈善;下(xia)(xia)層繪的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)八(ba)宿,各展風(feng)采。最后,是(shi)(shi)分(fen)上中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)三(san)(san)層而(er)設的(de)(de)(de)五岳玉皇、圣(sheng)母寶殿(dian)。下(xia)(xia)層正(zheng)(zheng)面是(shi)(shi)五岳廟(miao),東有(you)三(san)(san)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian),西有(you)祖師殿(dian);中(zhong)層正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)塑(su)有(you)玉皇像(xiang),后樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為大成殿(dian),祀孔子;上層正(zheng)(zheng)面為瑤(yao)池(chi)宮(gong)(gong),東西兩側為三(san)(san)教宮(gong)(gong)。三(san)(san)殿(dian)底層東西兩側的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)別是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)番(fan)景(jing)色:文(wen)(wen)(wen)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)塑(su)文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌,身(shen)騎四不象怪獸;武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)塑(su)關公(gong),騎赤兔(tu)追風(feng)馬。文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)層的(de)(de)(de)龍王宮(gong)(gong),塑(su)四海龍王,神態各異,功(gong)力超群(qun),令(ling)人(ren)敬慕。
磚(zhuan)牌坊(fang)下面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地獄(yu)宮(gong),繪滿了(le)(le)各(ge)種怪(guai)像(xiang),或(huo)青面(mian)(mian)紅發,或(huo)鋸齒獠牙(ya),或(huo)面(mian)(mian)目(mu)猙(zheng)獰,或(huo)神態從(cong)容,整個(ge)繪畫想象(xiang)豐(feng)富,結(jie)構嚴(yan)謹,色彩(cai)鮮艷,筆法細膩,顯示了(le)(le)民間藝人(ren)不(bu)同(tong)凡響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高超技藝。十(shi)(shi)分可惜,高廟(miao)(miao)1700多個(ge)彩(cai)塑(su)(su)(su)造(zao)像(xiang)和大(da)量(liang)彩(cai)畫在動蕩年(nian)代,遭(zao)到了(le)(le)破(po)壞(huai),如(ru)今,雖補塑(su)(su)(su)了(le)(le)不(bu)少彩(cai)像(xiang),但(dan)遠(yuan)不(bu)及(ji)(ji)矣!高廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)都位于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)條中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。層層相(xiang)(xiang)因,逐步(bu)增(zeng)高;輔(fu)助建筑(zhu)(zhu)位于(yu)(yu)兩(liang)側(ce),均衡對稱(cheng)(cheng)。在僅2000余平方米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),建筑(zhu)(zhu)了(le)(le)近百間九脊歇山(shan)、四角攢尖、十(shi)(shi)字歇山(shan)、將軍(jun)盔(kui)頂等各(ge)種類型、不(bu)同(tong)風(feng)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)(yu)。整個(ge)建筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)重樓疊閣,亭廊相(xiang)(xiang)連,飛檐相(xiang)(xiang)啄,回環(huan)曲折,緊湊而富于(yu)(yu)變化,真是寧夏古建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰作。高廟(miao)(miao)在南北(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),從(cong)南向(xiang)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)保(bao)安寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)門,山(shan)門之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)是魁星樓,內(nei)塑(su)(su)(su)魁星造(zao)像(xiang)。進山(shan)門迎面(mian)(mian)是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)雙層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)雕牌坊(fang),婷(ting)婷(ting)玉立,結(jie)構獨特。由(you)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)塑(su)(su)(su)天(tian)(tian)宮(gong)彌勒(le)佛,故稱(cheng)(cheng)彌勒(le)閣。由(you)此(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)踏15級臺(tai)階(jie)(jie),至大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian),內(nei)塑(su)(su)(su)釋迦牟(mou)尼坐(zuo)像(xiang)。大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東側(ce)為(wei)地藏(zang)宮(gong),西側(ce)為(wei)三霄宮(gong)。東西兩(liang)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配殿(dian)(dian)里,塑(su)(su)(su)十(shi)(shi)方佛及(ji)(ji)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四諸天(tian)(tian)。穿過34級臺(tai)階(jie)(jie),直抵南天(tian)(tian)門。臺(tai)階(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)半,建成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)橋(qiao)狀,天(tian)(tian)橋(qiao)兩(liang)側(ce)被環(huan)繞一(yi)(yi)周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓宇(yu)(yu)圍成(cheng)兩(liang)個(ge)天(tian)(tian)井,東邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)東天(tian)(tian)池(chi),西邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)西天(tian)(tian)池(chi)。兩(liang)個(ge)天(tian)(tian)池(chi)由(you)天(tian)(tian)橋(qiao)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形隧洞(dong)相(xiang)(xiang)互聯通,隧洞(dong)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)地獄(yu)輪回洞(dong)。在清咸豐(feng)八年(nian)建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)雕牌坊(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),雕刻(ke)著這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)副對聯,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)聯是儒釋道之度我度他皆從(cong)這(zhe)(zhe)里,下聯是天(tian)(tian)地人(ren)之自造(zao)自化盡在此(ci)間,橫批為(wei)無(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)法橋(qiao)。由(you)此(ci)可見,保(bao)安寺是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)儒、佛、道三教合一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寺廟(miao)(miao)。宋朝以(yi)后,尤(you)其(qi)是明清兩(liang)代,這(zhe)(zhe)種現象(xiang)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)也是常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
高廟建(jian)筑的(de)特點(dian)是:集(ji)中、緊湊、回(hui)(hui)曲、高聳,在占地(di)僅4100多平方米的(de)面(mian)積(ji)上(shang),建(jian)造了260多間(jian)建(jian)筑物(wu),最(zui)高建(jian)筑高出中衛(wei)(wei)街面(mian)近30米。站在中衛(wei)(wei)街頭,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去,高廟氣(qi)勢磅礴,雄偉壯麗,重(zhong)樓疊閣,錯(cuo)落有致。深入其(qi)間(jian),又見殿宇玲(ling)瓏(long),清幽文(wen)雅(ya),廊橋(qiao)高懸,構(gou)思奇異。中衛(wei)(wei)高廟集(ji)中國(guo)南(nan)北(bei)古(gu)建(jian)筑特點(dian)于一體(ti),充分顯現了古(gu)代勞動(dong)人(ren)民的(de)聰明智慧和精湛技藝。保安寺以其(qi)獨特的(de)群體(ti)古(gu)建(jian)筑和包羅萬象的(de)合體(ti)宗教信仰,吸引著八(ba)方來(lai)客(ke),使(shi)廟內香火不斷,興(xing)盛不竭。高廟也(ye)因此而馳名(ming),被列(lie)為寧夏回(hui)(hui)族自治區重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。
寺內佛像
在(zai)造型和(he)(he)色(se)彩(cai)上(shang)(shang)都充(chong)滿(man)鮮明的(de)民間(jian)特色(se)和(he)(he)民族風(feng)格。最引(yin)人注目的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)琳(lin)瑯(lang)滿(man)目的(de)彩(cai)繪,其中釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)會彩(cai)畫(hua)人物多、場面(mian)大(da),尤為(wei)生(sheng)動傳神。保(bao)安寺和(he)(he)高廟(miao)共兩部分。保(bao)安寺在(zai)前(qian)(qian),山(shan)門(men)朝南,全寺共分三進(jin)(jin),每進(jin)(jin)一(yi)級(ji)(ji),其地(di)(di)勢高出(chu)數丈,緩(huan)步前(qian)(qian)行(xing)(xing),宛若登梯。山(shan)門(men)前(qian)(qian)地(di)(di)坪寬闊,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石獅雄(xiong)踞門(men)前(qian)(qian),山(shan)門(men)牌樓(lou)(lou)花紋絢(xuan)麗。往里是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個方正的(de)庭院(yuan),院(yuan)內松柏翠(cui)綠,盆景花香(xiang)。院(yuan)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)石坊,高約(yue)四米(mi),上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)玲瓏小(xiao)殿(dian)(dian),紅柱雕欄,古(gu)雅精致。出(chu)天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian),拾(shi)級(ji)(ji)而(er)上(shang)(shang),臺階呈垂帶式,共十二級(ji)(ji),其上(shang)(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)仿木磚砌(qi)牌樓(lou)(lou),磨磚對(dui)縫,造型美(mei)觀(guan)。其間(jian)回廊(lang)相接,轉樓(lou)(lou)圍繞,兩側飛橋,似(si)雨后彩(cai)虹橫跨晴空。殿(dian)(dian)后為(wei)高廟(miao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二十四級(ji)(ji)磚砌(qi)臺階,循階而(er)上(shang)(shang),至(zhi)南天(tian)門(men)樓(lou)(lou),門(men)樓(lou)(lou)寬兩間(jian),高兩層(ceng)(ceng),門(men)頭一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)廊(lang)檐(yan)(yan),覆蓋著藍白色(se)青瓦,飛檐(yan)(yan)高挑(tiao)。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)后建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二層(ceng)(ceng)三重檐(yan)(yan)、四面(mian)坡頂(ding)的(de)中樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo),它們分別通(tong)過飛橋與南天(tian)門(men)相接。閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)相對(dui),犀脊層(ceng)(ceng)翹(qiao);畫(hua)棟朱楹(ying),彩(cai)繪精美(mei),其間(jian)由過橋直通(tong)鐘樓(lou)(lou)、鼓樓(lou)(lou)、乘涼亭。樓(lou)(lou)里塑(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)千手千眼觀(guan)音菩薩像(xiang),神態逼真,樓(lou)(lou)頂(ding)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)座(zuo)潔白玲瓏古(gu)樸的(de)小(xiao)寶塔(ta),風(feng)鈴垂于塔(ta)檐(yan)(yan)四角,風(feng)吹角鈴,鈴聲悅(yue)耳動聽。續行(xing)(xing)向前(qian)(qian),便是(shi)(shi)(shi)雄(xiong)偉(wei)壯觀(guan)、重樓(lou)(lou)迭閣(ge)的(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)寶殿(dian)(dian),高二十幾米(mi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)寺內最高大(da)的(de)建(jian)筑。底層(ceng)(ceng)即大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)旁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)木梯伸向二層(ceng)(ceng)中樓(lou)(lou),名三圣殿(dian)(dian),再登梯上(shang)(shang)三樓(lou)(lou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)五方佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian),供阿閦(chu)佛(fo)(fo)、寶生(sheng)佛(fo)(fo)、毗盧(lu)那(nei)佛(fo)(fo)、無量(liang)壽佛(fo)(fo)、不空成(cheng)就佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)。
保安(an)寺雖(sui)在(zai)十年文(wen)革動亂(luan)中遭毀壞,但自撥亂(luan)反(fan)正以來,在(zai)人民政(zheng)府資(zi)助(zhu)和四(si)眾教(jiao)友(you)支持下,修復了殿堂、佛像和文(wen)物古跡。
該寺(si)屢毀屢建(jian)(jian)(jian)。現(xian)僅存無(wu)梁(liang)殿(dian)和殿(dian)前一(yi)棵(ke)明(ming)代銀杏樹。無(wu)梁(liang)殿(dian)殿(dian)名穢跡,建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)。通體磚石拱券結構,不(bu)(bu)施(shi)寸木,不(bu)(bu)設(she)梁(liang)柱(zhu),俗稱(cheng)無(wu)梁(liang)(量)殿(dian)。這類建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑流行于(yu)(yu)明(ming)代,現(xian)存實(shi)物很少。殿(dian)原為(wei)三(san)間(jian)兩進,現(xian)僅存明(ming)間(jian),面闊8.24米,進深14.35米,高約(yue)7米。東、西次(ci)間(jian)于(yu)(yu)1958年(nian)拆毀。1988年(nian)市(shi)文物管理部門對僅存的(de)明(ming)間(jian)作了(le)修(xiu)葺(qi)。無(wu)梁(liang)殿(dian)現(xian)存壁龕中(zhong),原有一(yi)座木雕(diao)穢跡金剛像,俗稱(cheng)瀨疥菩薩(sa)現(xian)已不(bu)(bu)存。高廟保安寺(si),創建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)永樂年(nian)間(jian),和北(bei)京故(gu)宮同年(nian)開工(gong),同年(nian)竣工(gong),為(wei)一(yi)大謎底,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑緊(jin)湊,造(zao)型獨(du)特,重樓疊閣(ge),氣(qi)勢(shi)雄偉,似鳳凰展翅,凌空欲(yu)飛,五(wu)百羅漢堂,雕(diao)像神態各異,栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生,在全國首屈一(yi)指;十八層地獄(yu),陰森恐怖(bu),驚心(xin)動魄,是(shi)(shi)(shi)全國四(si)大古地獄(yu)之一(yi);不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)外罕(han)見的(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)界文化遺產——佛教圣地。
寺內壁畫
登上(shang)(shang)(shang)南天(tian)門,迎面是一(yi)座建(jian)在高臺基上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)九楹三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)樓(lou)閣(ge)。下層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)五岳殿(dian),東陪三(san)(san)(san)宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian),西陪祖師殿(dian),從兩側陪殿(dian)登木梯上(shang)(shang)(shang)至二層(ceng),是玉皇樓(lou),內塑(su)(su)玉皇大帝造像;登上(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng),為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)清宮(gong)(gong),內塑(su)(su)道家祖圣老子造像,并繪(hui)有天(tian)宮(gong)(gong)朝無(wu)、玉闕仙宴、天(tian)女散花、嫦娥奔月等彩繪(hui)圖案。在三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)主樓(lou)的(de)(de)正面,還十分(fen)別致地(di)建(jian)造了一(yi)座三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)中(zhong)樓(lou),小巧玲瓏,婷婷秀(xiu)麗(li);下層(ceng)繪(hui)二十八星宿,中(zhong)層(ceng)塑(su)(su)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)薩和接引佛(fo)像,上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)塑(su)(su)太(tai)白金星。中(zhong)樓(lou)的(de)(de)兩側是鐘鼓樓(lou)、四仙閣(ge)、觀景臺等,這些(xie)建(jian)筑(zhu)用廊橋相(xiang)互連(lian)接溝通,使(shi)之左右對稱,逐(zhu)次升高。形(xing)似鳳凰展翅,瑰(gui)麗(li)挺拔。檐角高翹,給人以凌(ling)空欲飛之感;檐牙相(xiang)啄,又(you)使(shi)人有爭妍斗巧之覺。