南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)屬下僅有(you)一(yi)種,為卡(ka)氏(shi)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long),是一(yi)種發(fa)現于阿根廷的大(da)型(xing)獸腳類恐龍(long)(long),生存年代為晚白堊世塞(sai)諾曼期,約距今9700萬年前。南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)屬于異(yi)特龍(long)(long)超科(ke)中的鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)類,并且(qie)(qie)很有(you)可能是地(di)球歷史中體(ti)型(xing)最大(da)的陸地(di)掠食動物(wu)。與霸(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi),南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸的樣本量很小,且(qie)(qie)大(da)個(ge)體(ti)標本的完整度很差,因此對其體(ti)型(xing)的準確估計有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)當的難度。它(ta)與霸(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)誰的體(ti)型(xing)更大(da)也是學術界(jie)一(yi)直在爭論的話(hua)題(ti)。
南(nan)方巨獸龍屬(shu)名(ming)的(de)(de)含義是巨型(xing)南(nan)方蜥蜴(yi),這是由(you)于(yu)它(ta)發(fa)現于(yu)南(nan)方大(da)陸且體型(xing)巨大(da)。種名(ming)卡氏是為了紀念化石的(de)(de)發(fa)現者卡洛琳(Rubén D.Carolini)。
南方(fang)巨獸龍的正(zheng)(zheng)型標(biao)本(ben)(ben)約有70%的完整度(du),包含了大(da)多數的脊椎骨,肩帶(dai)(dai)和(he)腰帶(dai)(dai)骨骼,股(gu)骨,以及(ji)左(zuo)側的脛骨和(he)腓骨。這(zhe)(zhe)件標(biao)本(ben)(ben)于(yu)1995年(nian)(nian)被描述,相關(guan)成果(guo)發表在自然科(ke)學頂級雜(za)志Nature上。1998年(nian)(nian),科(ke)里亞(ya)等人又將帶(dai)(dai)有少數牙(ya)齒的一塊下頜歸入到(dao)南方(fang)巨獸龍。這(zhe)(zhe)件下頜標(biao)本(ben)(ben)比1995年(nian)(nian)描述的正(zheng)(zheng)型標(biao)本(ben)(ben)還要大(da)一些,科(ke)里亞(ya)等人甚至認為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)件標(biao)本(ben)(ben)的頭骨總長達到(dao)1.95米。
南方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)頭骨(gu)(gu)整(zheng)體較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)低(di)矮,其上(shang)(shang)頜(he)骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)列長(chang)度(du)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)92厘米(mi)(mi)。其上(shang)(shang)頜(he)骨(gu)(gu)具(ju)(ju)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)非(fei)常發達的(de)(de)鼻骨(gu)(gu)下(xia)突(tu)(tu)和(he)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)橢圓形(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)頜(he)孔。鼻骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)背(bei)面非(fei)常粗(cu)糙,充(chong)滿褶(zhe)皺。這(zhe)樣(yang)粗(cu)糙的(de)(de)表(biao)面向(xiang)頭骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)后向(xiang)延申,并覆蓋整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)鼻骨(gu)(gu)背(bei)面。淚骨(gu)(gu)在前(qian)突(tu)(tu)和(he)下(xia)突(tu)(tu)交匯的(de)(de)地方(fang)形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)非(fei)常發達的(de)(de)脊,這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點與很多異特龍(long)(long)(long)類相似。眶后骨(gu)(gu)下(xia)突(tu)(tu)與顴骨(gu)(gu)相接(jie)處具(ju)(ju)備一(yi)(yi)向(xiang)眼眶內(nei)深入的(de)(de)突(tu)(tu)起。方(fang)骨(gu)(gu)約(yue)44厘米(mi)(mi)長(chang),其內(nei)部具(ju)(ju)有氣腔(qiang)化(hua)的(de)(de)結構。額骨(gu)(gu)和(he)頂骨(gu)(gu)寬闊,對上(shang)(shang)顳窩造(zao)成了(le)一(yi)(yi)定程度(du)的(de)(de)遮擋(dang)。齒(chi)(chi)骨(gu)(gu)在齒(chi)(chi)骨(gu)(gu)聯合處縱向(xiang)加高。每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)(chi)骨(gu)(gu)可(ke)能(neng)有12個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)(chi)窩。除了(le)第(di)一(yi)(yi)顆牙齒(chi)(chi)比較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)以(yi)外(wai),下(xia)頜(he)齒(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)都比較(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)近。牙齒(chi)(chi)比較(jiao)(jiao)薄,在前(qian)緣和(he)后緣處都具(ju)(ju)有鋸(ju)齒(chi)(chi),鋸(ju)齒(chi)(chi)密度(du)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)毫米(mi)(mi)9-12個(ge)(ge)鋸(ju)齒(chi)(chi)。牙齒(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)表(biao)面具(ju)(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)釉(you)質褶(zhe)皺。生物力學研(yan)究發現,南方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)咬合力弱于霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)。因此(ci),古(gu)生物學家認為(wei)(wei)南方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)大嘴更適(shi)合撕開獵(lie)物的(de)(de)皮肉(rou),而非(fei)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)那樣(yang)直接(jie)壓碎獵(lie)物的(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)骼。南方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)很有可(ke)能(neng)以(yi)同時(shi)代的(de)(de)泰坦巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)類為(wei)(wei)食。
南方巨獸(shou)龍(long)的(de)(de)頸部非(fei)常(chang)強(qiang)壯,具有(you)粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)樞椎(zhui)。其(qi)余的(de)(de)頸椎(zhui)具有(you)短且(qie)略扁的(de)(de)椎(zhui)體(ti),椎(zhui)體(ti)內部有(you)明顯的(de)(de)氣腔化構造。尾(wei)(wei)椎(zhui)的(de)(de)椎(zhui)體(ti)粗(cu)壯,前端尾(wei)(wei)椎(zhui)的(de)(de)脈弓呈(cheng)刀片(pian)狀(zhuang)。肩(jian)帶骨(gu)骼較短,肩(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)的(de)(de)長度少于(yu)股骨(gu)長度的(de)(de)一(yi)半。肩(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)柄具有(you)很強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)肉附著(zhu)點(dian)。腸骨(gu)的(de)(de)北(bei)緣向上拱起,髖臼窩后突(tu)低矮,尾(wei)(wei)骨(gu)短肌(ji)(ji)附著(zhu)脊較窄(zhai)。恥骨(gu)遠端的(de)(de)突(tu)起發達(da),且(qie)前緣較后緣短。股骨(gu)呈(cheng)S形。股骨(gu)頭非(fei)常(chang)強(qiang)壯,并指(zhi)向內上側。小(xiao)轉子(zi)呈(cheng)翅(chi)膀狀(zhuang),其(qi)近(jin)端位于(yu)大轉子(zi)之(zhi)下。第(di)四轉子(zi)發達(da)并指(zhi)向后方。
目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流觀點認為南(nan)方巨獸龍(long)(long)屬于(yu)異特龍(long)(long)超科的(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊齒龍(long)(long)類,與(yu)同屬于(yu)這一(yi)類群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬普龍(long)(long)構成(cheng)姐(jie)妹單(dan)元。這一(yi)類群(qun)中不乏巨型(xing)(xing)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)捕食者,例如(ru)非洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊齒龍(long)(long),以及同樣(yang)發現(xian)于(yu)南(nan)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)和馬普龍(long)(long),還有北美洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高棘龍(long)(long)和西(xi)雅茨龍(long)(long),它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)體型(xing)(xing)都與(yu)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)十分(fen)接(jie)近甚至更為巨大。這些巨型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)異特龍(long)(long)類統治著早(zao)白堊世至晚白堊世初期的(de)(de)(de)(de)陸地(di)生態系統。在它們滅(mie)絕以后,它們在北半(ban)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統治權(quan)移交給(gei)了(le)暴龍(long)(long)類,而在南(nan)半(ban)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置則由大型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)貝力龍(long)(long)類取代(dai)。
南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學意義之(zhi)一(yi)就在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)它可(ke)(ke)能刷(shua)新了(le)人們對(dui)于(yu)(yu)陸(lu)地(di)食肉動物體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)極限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)知早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)認(ren)為(wei)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)能長達(da)1.8米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)2001年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong),科(ke)學家給(gei)出(chu)了(le)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)估(gu)(gu)計(ji)為(wei)6.6噸(dun)。2002年,科(ke)里亞與(yu)柯里在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)顱進行形(xing)態描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候給(gei)出(chu)了(le)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)正(zheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)長度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)估(gu)(gu)計(ji),大(da)(da)(da)約為(wei)1.6米(mi),并(bing)(bing)依據股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)中(zhong)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)截面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)長估(gu)(gu)計(ji)得(de)到體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)約為(wei)4.16噸(dun)。2004年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項研(yan)究(jiu)通過股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)和脛腓骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多種測量(liang)數據對(dui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)進行估(gu)(gu)算,認(ren)為(wei)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)正(zheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能為(wei)6.604噸(dun),而更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)具(ju)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)可(ke)(ke)能為(wei)8.47噸(dun)。如果(guo)這一(yi)估(gu)(gu)計(ji)可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話,那(nei)么南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)確實是歷史上(shang)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陸(lu)地(di)肉食動物。當(dang)然相比(bi)(bi)于(yu)(yu)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)擁(yong)有(you)(you)非常多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保存(cun)(cun)精美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)本(ben),以(yi)及(ji)(ji)較(jiao)為(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)(ti)(ti)發育(yu)序列(lie),南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)(zai)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)數量(liang)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完整程度(du)都不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)前者,并(bing)(bing)且頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)多個骨(gu)(gu)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關節面沒(mei)有(you)(you)保存(cun)(cun),因此使得(de)推算頭(tou)(tou)長以(yi)及(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)得(de)極為(wei)困難。同時,鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)可(ke)(ke)能擁(yong)有(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)身比(bi)(bi),因此,更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)定代(dai)表南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)就擁(yong)有(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)。另(ling)外,南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)正(zheng)型(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)雖(sui)然比(bi)(bi)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)“蘇”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)股(gu)骨(gu)(gu)更強壯(zhuang)更長,但是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脛骨(gu)(gu)卻更短(duan)。短(duan)期(qi)內,它和霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)相比(bi)(bi)誰(shui)大(da)(da)(da)誰(shui)小還很難確認(ren)。但毫(hao)無疑問的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)點是,南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現動搖了(le)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)位,并(bing)(bing)揭示了(le)一(yi)個在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)崛起(qi)之(zhi)前由(you)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)異(yi)特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)統治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界,同時對(dui)于(yu)(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)白堊紀陸(lu)地(di)革命(ming)(Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution)期(qi)間恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)動物類(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)(bian)具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要意義。
在(zai)電影侏羅(luo)紀(ji)世界(jie)3中(zhong),南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)被描述為(wei)地(di)球歷史上(shang)最(zui)大的(de)(de)陸地(di)肉食動(dong)物(wu),比霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)更(geng)為(wei)巨(ju)(ju)大。在(zai)電影的(de)(de)開頭(tou),一(yi)(yi)只噩兆龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(一(yi)(yi)種小(xiao)型(xing)暴(bao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類,與西亞茨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)發現(xian)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)地(di)區)在(zai)進食南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)嘴中(zhong)的(de)(de)食物(wu)殘渣,之后南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)大戰并(bing)殺死對手(shou)。在(zai)最(zui)終的(de)(de)大戰中(zhong),被霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)鐮刀龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)聯手(shou)殺死。導演所設計的(de)(de)劇情(qing)似乎暗示了巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)異特(te)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類與暴(bao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類在(zai)漫長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)演化(hua)歷史中(zhong)綿(mian)延(yan)8000多萬年(nian)的(de)(de)糾葛。然而,在(zai)真(zhen)實的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可能相遇的(de)(de),因為(wei)兩(liang)者的(de)(de)生存年(nian)代差了3000多萬年(nian)。除了侏羅(luo)紀(ji)世界(jie)3以外,南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)還(huan)出現(xian)在(zai)BBC的(de)(de)紀(ji)錄(lu)片《與龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)同行特(te)輯(ji):尋爪記》和(he)紀(ji)錄(lu)片《巴(ba)塔(ta)哥(ge)尼亞的(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)》,在(zai)這兩(liang)部紀(ji)錄(lu)片中(zhong),南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)被描述為(wei)群(qun)體獵(lie)殺阿(a)根廷(ting)(ting)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)獵(lie)手(shou)。阿(a)根廷(ting)(ting)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)大的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)大的(de)(de)陸地(di)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)種子選手(shou)之一(yi)(yi),體長(chang)(chang)可達約40米,其化(hua)石同樣被發現(xian)于(yu)阿(a)根廷(ting)(ting)。然而南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)可能與阿(a)根廷(ting)(ting)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)不(bu)處(chu)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)時代,反而是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)近親馬普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)更(geng)可能是(shi)(shi)阿(a)根廷(ting)(ting)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)天敵。南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)也(ye)出現(xian)在(zai)英劇《遠古入侵》中(zhong),被親切的(de)(de)成為(wei)G.rex。
南(nan)方(fang)巨獸龍生(sheng)存于1億年前中(zhong)生(sheng)代中(zhong)白(bai)堊世森(sen)諾曼(man)期(qi)巴塔哥尼(ni)亞。
恐(kong)龍(long)(long)種類(lei):蜥臀目(mu)·獸腳類(lei)·堅尾龍(long)(long)類(lei).肉食龍(long)(long)下目(mu).異特(te)龍(long)(long)超(chao)科.鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科.鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)亞(ya)科.南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)(long)族
1993年(nian)阿(a)根廷一(yi)個驚人發現,南方巨(ju)獸龍正模被(bei)發現了。
1993年(nian)(nian),考古(gu)學家ruben d. carolini在(zai)1993年(nian)(nian)在(zai)阿根(gen)廷巴塔哥尼亞平原(yuan)進行考古(gu)發(fa)掘的(de)時候意(yi)外地(di)發(fa)現(xian)了一個(ge)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)秘密(mi), 原(yuan)來在(zai)遠古(gu)的(de)阿根(gen)廷曾經存在(zai)過一種可怕的(de)怪獸。這種可怕的(de)怪獸是地(di)球上有史以來第(di)二大(da)的(de)兩足(zu)生(sheng)物,最大(da)體長13米,最大(da)體重(zhong)可以達到(dao)11噸,這種恐龍(long)(long)1995年(nian)(nian)被命名為(wei)南(nan)方巨獸龍(long)(long),意(yi)思(si)是南(nan)方巨大(da)的(de)蜥蜴。
MUCPv-Ch1,長12米(mi),體重8.5噸,40%的(de)完整(zheng)骨架,部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)頭骨、一(yi)點零碎的(de)小部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)前(qian)肢、完整(zheng)脖子、絕大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)軀(qu)干、部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)后(hou)肢、大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)尾(wei)巴。
MUCPv-95,長13米(mi),體重11噸,一(yi)個完整的下頜骨。
南方(fang)(fang)巨獸龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腦袋就身(shen)體而言(yan)較(jiao)大(da)(da),下巴略呈方(fang)(fang)形(xing)。它(ta)碩大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嘴巴長(chang)著一(yi)口(kou)鋒(feng)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi),每顆牙(ya)(ya)有(you)9厘(li)米(mi)長(chang)。巨獸龍(long)(long)作為(wei)鯊(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)成員,有(you)個又細又尖又長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尾巴。巨獸龍(long)(long)走路時(shi)用兩條腿。南方(fang)(fang)巨獸龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)骨(gu)長(chang)達(da)1.8米(mi)左右,顎部長(chang)滿9-13厘(li)米(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋒(feng)利(li)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)。南方(fang)(fang)巨獸龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體重(zhong)最重(zhong)可(ke)達(da)10.52噸,所以(yi)它(ta)們(men)(men)發展出(chu)強(qiang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)骼及肌肉(rou)網絡來支撐沉重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)軀,同(tong)時(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)它(ta)們(men)(men)在捕食(shi)獵物的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候有(you)可(ke)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度。長(chang)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尾巴則在快速奔跑的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中起了平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用和快速轉向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。
LENGTH IN THEROPODS給(gei)出(chu)了13.1米,13.8噸,但是顯然這個計(ji)算完全忽略了恐龍(long)體形的差別,和頭骨的體積,僅僅計(ji)算長度,因此可靠性(xing)非常(chang)低。
第一個南方(fang)巨獸(shou)龍和霸王龍(FNMH PR 2081)的對比:
FNMH PR 2081俗名"蘇",1990年(nian)出土,也是"完整腿骨的(de)霸王龍"中最大的(de)(所有(you)霸王龍中不綜合年(nian)齡(ling),蘇第4/5大,綜合年(nian)齡(ling)以后并列第6)
頭骨中線(xian)長度(du)(midline):南方巨獸龍MUCPv-Ch1 1530mm,蘇1394mm
頭(tou)骨全(quan)長(chang):南方(fang)巨獸(shou)龍MUCPv-Ch1 1700mm,蘇(su)1435mm
下(xia)頜骨長(chang)度:南方巨獸(shou)龍MUCPv-Ch1(推測)1800mm,蘇1395mm
大腿(tui)骨長度(du):南方巨獸龍(long)MUCPv-Ch1 1430mm,蘇(su)1380mm
大(da)腿骨周長:南方巨(ju)獸龍MUCPv-Ch1 520mm,蘇580mm
小腿骨長度:南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍MUCPv-Ch1 1120mm,蘇1200mm
頭骨寬度(du):南(nan)方巨(ju)獸龍MUCPv-Ch1,520mm,蘇860mm
大小(xiao)腿骨聯合長度:南方巨(ju)獸龍MUCPv-Ch1 2540mm,蘇2580mm
骨盆(pen)大小(xiao):南方巨獸龍MUCPv-Ch1 1180mm,蘇1220mm
頭(tou)骨(gu)體(ti)積:霸王龍略大。
2004年Mazzeta在其論(lun)文(wen)中也指出MUCPv-Ch1的體積和一(yi)般的霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)相(xiang)等(deng),"體積"比蘇小(xiao)2.5噸,但是(shi)至少(shao)和一(yi)般的霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)體重相(xiang)等(deng),可(ke)以從圖片看出南(nan)方(fang)巨獸(shou)龍(long)比較瘦,和身體長(chang)度接近的霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)相(xiang)比明顯(xian)單薄(bo)一(yi)些。
蘇(su)的(de)(de)體(ti)重在2004年(nian)Henderson保(bao)守估(gu)算為10噸(dun),Mazzeta在估(gu)算南方巨獸龍(long)的(de)(de)論文里(li)面認為蘇(su)的(de)(de)體(ti)重8噸(dun)左右(you),但2013年(nian)研究蘇(su)有(you)13噸(dun)重。部分資料根據保(bao)羅(luo)和Henderson 1999年(nian)對一只(zhi)10.7米霸王(wang)龍(long)ANMH5027,估(gu)測上限7.9噸(dun)的(de)(de),把放大,蘇(su)11.3噸(dun),而根據Anderson1990年(nian)對10.7米的(de)(de)雄霸王(wang)龍(long)的(de)(de)估(gu)算是4.5噸(dun),較粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)雌龍(long)蘇(su)的(de)(de)體(ti)重7.4噸(dun)
那么南方巨獸龍是否比一般的霸王龍重(zhong)?答案是:比霸王龍略輕
Seebacher在(zai)2001年的計(ji)算估計(ji)南方(fang)巨獸龍(long)正模MUCPv-Ch1 6594kg,霸王(wang)龍(long)正模CM 9380的體重6650kg
Coria在最(zui)初公布南(nan)巨的(de)時候給(gei)出了6000+
南(nan)方(fang)巨獸龍MUCPv-Ch1的(de)體重的(de)最(zui)低估測是(shi)4160kg,
南方巨獸龍(long)的(de)體重進行(xing)過最詳細計(ji)算的(de)Mazzeta給(gei)出了可靠(kao)上(shang)限(xian)8.48噸(dun),最可靠(kao)體重6.604-6.8噸(dun),Mazzeta也認為(wei)MUCPv-Ch1體重下限(xian)4160kg是計(ji)算方式不可靠(kao),否定了南方巨獸龍(long)4160kg的(de)說法。Mazzeta認可的(de)下限(xian)是4860kg
Mazzeta認為(wei)比MUCPv-Ch1長8%的MUCPv-95,按三次方計算,可達8.5-11.5噸。體重(zhong)超(chao)過(guo)了蘇,但(dan)仍舊沒有霸王(wang)龍中MOR008,LACM 23844,MOR1126,UCMP118742重(zhong)。但(dan)神秘的最大(da)南方巨獸龍超(chao)過(guo)了最大(da)霸王(wang)龍MOR1126。
南方(fang)巨獸(shou)龍MUCPv-Ch1總結大小:13米(mi),8.5噸(dun)
南方巨獸龍MUCPv-95總結大小:14米.11.5噸
其他最大獸腳類
撒哈拉鯊齒龍:13.4米,7-11.4噸(dun)
玫瑰馬普龍MCF-PVPH-108.185:14.4米(mi),8-13.25噸
玫瑰馬普龍MCF-PVPH-108.145:13.4米,7.2-11噸
玫瑰馬普龍MCF-PVPH-108.202:12.2米(mi),7-8噸(dun)
霸王龍(FNMH PR2081)12.2米,7.4-11噸
霸王龍(MOR008) 13.4米,8.5-13噸
紂魁龍:12米,8.5噸
埃及棘(ji)龍MSNM 4047,17-18米
南方巨獸龍(long)是南美洲歷史上(shang)(shang)最大(da)陸地肉(rou)食(shi)動物和最大(da)的食(shi)肉(rou)恐龍(long)。也(ye)是歷史上(shang)(shang)第2大(da)的食(shi)肉(rou)恐龍(long)。
南美洲中生(sheng)代最(zui)大的鱷魚巴(ba)西哈氏肌鱷(最(zui)大個體(ti)估計(ji)哈氏帝(di)王鱷10-11米,3-4噸,種群體(ti)形9-10米,3噸。)哈氏肌鱷是(shi)非(fei)洲帝(di)王肌鱷的近親(qin),唯一化石(shi)是(shi)一塊(kuai)有11顆(ke)牙槽的43厘(li)米的下頜骨殘
片,大概帝王鱷對(dui)應(ying)部分(fen)是(shi)50厘米(mi)。
南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)出土后不久(jiu)因為體(ti)型(xing)巨(ju)大被認為超(chao)過霸王(wang)龍(long),因為最大的南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)大于霸王(wang)龍(long)蘇最小的體(ti)重(zhong)估測。然而(er)霸王(wang)龍(long)蘇的體(ti)重(zhong)根(gen)據(ju)其他版(ban)本可(ke)(ke)以估測到12.8噸(dun),遠超(chao)過南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)。霸王(wang)龍(long)還有多(duo)個更大的標(biao)本,可(ke)(ke)以證明霸王(wang)龍(long)的體(ti)重(zhong)更大,甚至可(ke)(ke)能(neng)達到17.72噸(dun)