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基本介紹

魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)是一種(zhong)大型(xing)(xing)異特龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)，體型(xing)(xing)接近(jin)霸王龍(long)(long)(long)，其化石發現于阿根廷的(de)巴塔哥尼亞地區(qu)。魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)屬下(xia)僅包含一種(zhong)，丘布特魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)。魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)與同(tong)屬于異特龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的(de)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)，南(nan)方巨(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)有(you)很(hen)近(jin)的(de)親緣關系。與這(zhe)些近(jin)親相比(bi)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)生存時間更早，年代為早白堊世(shi)的(de)阿普(pu)特期(qi)。魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)發現對于認識巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的(de)早期(qi)形態(tai)演化具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意義(yi)。

命名由來

魁紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)屬名是(shi)tyrannus和titan的(de)(de)合成詞，意為(wei)“巨大的(de)(de)暴君”，種名是(shi)阿根廷(ting)的(de)(de)丘布特省。

基本信息和形態學

魁紂龍目前報道了兩(liang)件(jian)標(biao)本，正型標(biao)本MPEF-PV 1156包含了不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)的齒骨(gu)，脫落的牙(ya)齒；第3-8和(he)11-14節背椎，近端尾(wei)椎，肋骨(gu)和(he)脈弧；不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)的左(zuo)側(ce)肩胛烏喙骨(gu)和(he)右側(ce)肱骨(gu)以及尺骨(gu)；恥骨(gu)，坐骨(gu)，不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)的左(zuo)側(ce)腸骨(gu)；幾乎完(wan)整(zheng)的左(zuo)側(ce)股(gu)骨(gu)，腓骨(gu)和(he)第二跖骨(gu)。

樞椎(zhui)(zhui)之后(hou)的(de)(de)頸椎(zhui)(zhui)均為后(hou)凹形。薦椎(zhui)(zhui)前(qian)的(de)(de)椎(zhui)(zhui)體都(dou)具備(bei)良好發育(yu)的(de)(de)氣腔。尾椎(zhui)(zhui)骨缺乏氣腔或(huo)者滋養孔，這一點(dian)于(yu)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)和高棘龍(long)不同。背椎(zhui)(zhui)神經棘延前(qian)后(hou)方向伸長，背腹向加深以及(ji)內外向加厚，其前(qian)后(hou)面都(dou)發育(yu)有強大的(de)(de)韌帶(dai)附著點(dian)。

烏喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)愈合(he)。肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)較(jiao)窄，肩(jian)峰突較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)高聳，與(yu)肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)略呈90度(du)夾角。魁紂(zhou)龍(long)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)纖細(xi)的(de)(de)肩(jian)帶骨(gu)(gu)(gu)骼與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)粗壯的(de)(de)肩(jian)帶形(xing)成鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)對比(bi)(bi)，但(dan)是南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)的(de)(de)烏喙骨(gu)(gu)(gu)更為(wei)(wei)退化。保(bao)存的(de)(de)肱(gong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)表明魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)前(qian)肢較(jiao)短(duan)但(dan)是比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)粗壯。股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)厚實，具(ju)備鯊(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)類的(de)(de)典型的(de)(de)共近裔性狀組合(he)：股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)頭向(xiang)近端內側的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)延申，腓(fei)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)長度(du)小于股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)長度(du)的(de)(de)70%。魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)長度(du)與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)獸龍(long)接近，股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)內外(wai)側向(xiang)寬(kuan)度(du)為(wei)(wei)16.5厘(li)米。

歸入標本(ben)(ben)(ben)MPEF-PV 1157包含了顴(quan)骨(gu)(gu)，右側(ce)齒骨(gu)(gu)，不(bu)關(guan)聯的(de)牙齒，寰椎(zhui)，第(di)(di)9節(jie)頸椎(zhui)，第(di)(di)7，10和(he)13節(jie)背(bei)椎(zhui)，不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)保存(cun)的(de)1-5節(jie)合(he)薦(jian)椎(zhui)，一(yi)些不(bu)關(guan)聯的(de)遠端(duan)尾(wei)椎(zhui)骨(gu)(gu)，肋骨(gu)(gu)，右側(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)，不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)跖骨(gu)(gu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)二(er)(er)腳(jiao)趾的(de)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)指節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)和(he)第(di)(di)三腳(jiao)趾的(de)第(di)(di)三指節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)。歸入標本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)體型(xing)比正形標本(ben)(ben)(ben)更(geng)大。

歸入(ru)標本的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)骨(gu)長度為68厘(li)(li)米，吻端(duan)的(de)(de)深度為14厘(li)(li)米。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)骨(gu)聯合處背腹向加深且呈方形。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)骨(gu)上大約(yue)有(you)(you)16個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)槽。牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)遠(yuan)中脊唇側具有(you)(you)邊緣釉質褶(zhe)皺(zhou)，這一特征也存在于其它(ta)鯊齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)龍(long)類(lei)中。牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)前(qian)中脊的(de)(de)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)(you)二(er)(er)裂式的(de)(de)前(qian)邊緣。二(er)(er)裂式的(de)(de)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)邊緣在巨齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)龍(long)類(lei)中也有(you)(you)發現。

分類位置

目前主(zhu)流的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統發育(yu)分析(xi)認為魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)屬于(yu)異特(te)龍(long)(long)(long)超科的(de)(de)(de)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)。在鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)內部，它(ta)與鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)，馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)和南方巨(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)形成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個小(xiao)單(dan)(dan)系(xi)(xi)。這一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)員都具有異常巨(ju)(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)體型，分別代表了(le)岡瓦納(na)古陸不同(tong)部分的(de)(de)(de)頂級(ji)捕食(shi)者，且除了(le)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)發現(xian)于(yu)非洲以外，其余成(cheng)員都發現(xian)于(yu)阿(a)根廷。魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)是這一(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)最早出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)員。

科學意義以及體型估算

根據(ju)估(gu)算(suan)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)體(ti)長可以達(da)到11.4-12米，甚至(zhi)(zhi)13米。體(ti)重(zhong)大(da)(da)約為(wei)4.9-7噸。作為(wei)早期(qi)(qi)出(chu)現的(de)(de)南(nan)半(ban)球巨型(xing)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)發現有助于古(gu)(gu)生物學家更(geng)好的(de)(de)研究中晚白堊(e)階段(duan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)動(dong)物類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)轉變(bian)。從阿(a)普特期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)塞諾曼期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)階段(duan)，岡瓦納古(gu)(gu)陸上(shang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)主要(yao)包括大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)棘(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，而植食(shi)性(xing)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則以大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)泰坦巨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)基干(gan)的(de)(de)梁龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)主。在(zai)北非(fei)地區還有體(ti)長達(da)到12米的(de)(de)鱷(e)(e)魚。在(zai)土倫期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)后期(qi)(qi)，大(da)(da)型(xing)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)棘(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)南(nan)美(mei)洲化石(shi)記錄(lu)中的(de)(de)出(chu)現頻率減少。在(zai)南(nan)美(mei)洲，馬達(da)加斯加和(he)(he)印度(du)等地的(de)(de)化石(shi)記錄(lu)中取而代之的(de)(de)是體(ti)型(xing)略小一些的(de)(de)阿(a)貝力(li)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。巧(qiao)合的(de)(de)是，伴(ban)隨著(zhu)這兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)消失(shi)，其它的(de)(de)一些動(dong)物也逐漸消失(shi)，包括大(da)(da)頭鱷(e)(e)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)（典(dian)型(xing)代表(biao)包括帝鱷(e)(e)），大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)基干(gan)禽龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)以及梁龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。

這(zhe)種在南方大(da)陸上出現的動物類(lei)(lei)群(qun)替換現象(xiang)在北半球(qiu)也(ye)平(ping)行出現。如以(yi)高棘龍(long)(long)西亞(ya)茨(ci)龍(long)(long)為(wei)代表的大(da)型異特龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的消(xiao)失，取而(er)代之的是大(da)型暴龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)。植食性動物方面，隨著泰(tai)坦巨龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)基干禽龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的消(xiao)失，角龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)鴨(ya)嘴龍(long)(long)逐漸(jian)繁盛。這(zhe)種在南半球(qiu)和(he)北半球(qiu)平(ping)行發生(sheng)的動物類(lei)(lei)群(qun)替代現象(xiang)說(shuo)明(ming)在這(zhe)一(yi)時期發生(sheng)了全球(qiu)性的生(sheng)物多樣性變革事(shi)件。對于這(zhe)一(yi)事(shi)件的詳細研究將會使(shi)古生(sheng)物學(xue)家更加(jia)深入的了解(jie)白堊紀(ji)末大(da)滅絕前的生(sheng)態變化。

生長與分布

丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E.Novas)、Sil發現與種vina de Valais、帕特(te)·里奇(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以及托馬(ma)斯(si)·里奇(Tom Rich)等人在2005年所敘述。魁紂龍(long)的正模(mo)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)和(he)副(fu)模(mo)標(biao)本(ben)(ben)被(bei)發現于(yu)阿(a)根廷(ting)丘(qiu)布(bu)特(te)省帕索(suo)印(yin)第歐(ou)東北方(fang)(fang)28公里的La Juanita牧場。該地方(fang)(fang)被(bei)認為屬于(yu)Cerro Barcino地層，地質年代為阿(a)爾必階，約1.08億年前的白堊紀早期到中期。已有兩(liang)個完(wan)整度一般的骨(gu)骼(ge)化石標(biao)本(ben)(ben)被(bei)發現。

形態及特征

魁紂龍Tyrannotitan

魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)含(han)義(yi)是(shi)"暴(bao)君巨(ju)人"，最大體長可達12.5米，最大體重(zhong)(zhong)9.3噸。骨骼(ge)的(de)(de)(de)結構表明(ming)魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)緣關(guan)系屬于(yu)在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)之間的(de)(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，魁紂龍(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于(yu)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)，親(qin)緣關(guan)系更接近南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)馬普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，并且與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)馬普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)共同組成南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)族，而離(li)鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)相(xiang)對較(jiao)遠(yuan)。體重(zhong)(zhong)指數和(he)(he)身體粗壯(zhuang)度超(chao)過了除霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)外的(de)(de)(de)所有獸(shou)腳(jiao)亞目和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，但頭部比(bi)例(li)比(bi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)小一些，體重(zhong)(zhong)指數和(he)(he)身體粗壯(zhuang)程度在食(shi)(shi)肉(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)里僅次于(yu)霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。它有著(zhu)細(xi)小的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)和(he)(he)爪子，就像白堊紀的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他巨(ju)型掠食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)--其(qi)他鯊(sha)齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)，暴(bao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)和(he)(he)阿貝力龍(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)那樣。已發現了兩個完整度較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)骨骼(ge)化石(shi)。

體腔極寬

此(ci)外，在所有獸(shou)腳亞目和食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)里，除(chu)了(le)(le)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)以(yi)外，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)是發現(xian)的(de)(de)所有獸(shou)腳亞目里，按(an)比例身(shen)體(ti)(ti)最粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)厚重和寬大(da)的(de)(de)(特(te)別(bie)是在同(tong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)重指(zhi)數和粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)程度(du)僅僅次于(yu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)。一般個體(ti)(ti)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)重大(da)概相當于(yu)同(tong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)85%甚(shen)至90%，股(gu)骨粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、肩胛(jia)骨巨(ju)大(da)、肋(lei)骨很粗(cu)(cu)厚、骨盆(pen)大(da)、脊椎(zhui)骨很寬，都使得(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)重指(zhi)數和身(shen)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)度(du)，將其他食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(除(chu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long))遠遠甩在了(le)(le)身(shen)后，同(tong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)腔寬度(du)和身(shen)體(ti)(ti)厚實度(du)穩穩地超(chao)過(guo)了(le)(le)其他獸(shou)腳亞目。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)不(bu)僅僅是肉食龍(long)(long)(long)下目異特(te)龍(long)(long)(long)超(chao)科鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)科最壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)，也(ye)是整個獸(shou)腳亞目、堅尾龍(long)(long)(long)類、食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)里第二(er)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)。同(tong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)下的(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)有著(zhu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)85-90%的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)重，雖然粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)程度(du)和體(ti)(ti)重指(zhi)數還是遜色于(yu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)一些，但是魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)最大(da)個體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)度(du)按(an)比例甚(shen)至超(chao)過(guo)了(le)(le)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)較瘦(shou)的(de)(de)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)如MOR555。

生活習性

和(he)絕大(da)多數(shu)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科一樣(yang)(yang)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)也被認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)到巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)蜥(xi)(xi)腳亞(ya)目恐(kong)龍(long)(long)為(wei)(wei)食物(wu)的(de)(de)，它(ta)(ta)們(men)極(ji)快的(de)(de)撕咬(yao)速度(du)、異常鋒(feng)利(li)的(de)(de)牙齒(chi)、大(da)的(de)(de)咬(yao)合力(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及張合度(du)很大(da)的(de)(de)嘴(zui)巴，很適合快速和(he)高頻(pin)率(lv)地(di)撕咬(yao)動作緩慢的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)(xing)蜥(xi)(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)，從(cong)獵物(wu)身上(shang)咬(yao)下(xia)皮(pi)肉，并且給獵物(wu)迅速地(di)放(fang)血，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致獵物(wu)最(zui)終因(yin)為(wei)(wei)傷勢過(guo)重倒下(xia)。而和(he)它(ta)(ta)們(men)生活(huo)(huo)在(zai)同(tong)一地(di)區和(he)時代的(de)(de)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)蜥(xi)(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)丘布特龍(long)(long)，也被研(yan)究認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)主要食物(wu)之一。除此之外(wai)，它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)近親(qin)高棘(ji)龍(long)(long)和(he)馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)都有(you)直接化(hua)石證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)，顯示它(ta)(ta)們(men)會采(cai)用群居團結(jie)的(de)(de)方式，一起生活(huo)(huo)和(he)捕(bu)食，如(ru)同(tong)現今非洲(zhou)的(de)(de)獅子一樣(yang)(yang)，因(yin)此，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)也被認為(wei)(wei)很可能具有(you)群居的(de)(de)習性(xing)，但缺少(shao)直接的(de)(de)化(hua)石證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)來徹底證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)這(zhe)一點。和(he)其他近親(qin)一樣(yang)(yang)，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)也被認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)到巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)蜥(xi)(xi)腳亞(ya)目恐(kong)龍(long)(long)為(wei)(wei)主要食物(wu)的(de)(de)。

前肢研究

魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和自(zi)身(shen)相比(bi)，只能(neng)算(suan)是中等大(da)小(xiao)，前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)和與自(zi)身(shen)比(bi)例(li)總體和近親(qin)高棘龍大(da)致(zhi)相當(dang)，但從比(bi)例(li)和絕對值上(shang)來(lai)看(kan)，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)和力(li)量明顯超過(guo)了南方巨獸龍和馬普龍，如果從絕對值上(shang)看(kan)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍擁有(you)著鯊齒龍科(ke)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和爪子(zi)。此外，科(ke)學家們認為，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍主要(yao)獵食和搏斗(dou)，具有(you)著大(da)咬合力(li)的(de)(de)(de)嘴(zui)巴是它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)主力(li)武器(qi)，它(ta)(ta)們很少(shao)會用到(dao)(dao)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和爪子(zi)來(lai)攻(gong)擊(ji)敵人，因(yin)此它(ta)(ta)們長(chang)度較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)頭部(bu)使得它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位置較(jiao)為靠后(hou)，在(zai)獵殺和戰(zhan)斗(dou)時(shi)，嘴(zui)巴比(bi)前(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爪子(zi)更容易先攻(gong)擊(ji)到(dao)(dao)目標。

前肢活動

如(ru)(ru)同絕大部分(fen)其(qi)他的獸(shou)腳類(lei)恐龍，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍的手掌(zhang)心(xin)無法接觸(chu)地面，因(yin)此前(qian)肢(zhi)沒有支撐身體(ti)四足行走的功能，前(qian)肢(zhi)的主要(yao)用途被認為是在(zai)獵食(shi)時用到。MPEF-PV 1156標本的保存(cun)下來的絕大部分(fen)前(qian)肢(zhi)骨骼，有助于研究(jiu)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍前(qian)肢(zhi)的功能與(yu)(yu)活(huo)動范圍。一個(ge)研究(jiu)檢驗了骨頭(tou)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)相連(lian)骨頭(tou)的表面，以計算關節(jie)能有多少(shao)活(huo)動范圍，而不會(hui)關節(jie)脫(tuo)位(wei)。如(ru)(ru)同許(xu)多現存(cun)初龍類(lei)，許(xu)多手部關節(jie)的骨頭(tou)并沒有完全相吻(wen)合，顯(xian)示這些(xie)關節(jie)有一定的軟骨。這個(ge)研究(jiu)并指出(chu)當魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍休息時，前(qian)肢(zhi)會(hui)從肩膀(bang)下垂，肱骨微向(xiang)后擺，手肘彎曲，指爪(zhua)朝內。

與人(ren)類(lei)相比，魁紂龍的肩(jian)膀的轉(zhuan)動范圍(wei)很小(xiao)。它們的手(shou)臂無(wu)法做(zuo)出(chu)360°的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)幅(fu)度，但可后擺至(zhi)離垂直(zhi)面(mian)(mian)約(yue)109°，所以(yi)肱骨(gu)可以(yi)后擺至(zhi)斜微上方。手(shou)臂可以(yi)前(qian)轉(zhuan)至(zhi)超過垂直(zhi)面(mian)(mian)約(yue)25°。手(shou)臂往無(wu)法垂直(zhi)地往下擺，但可外(wai)展(zhan)至(zhi)超于水平面(mian)(mian)約(yue)9°。與人(ren)類(lei)相比，手(shou)肘的活動范圍(wei)也很小(xiao)，大(da)約(yue)只有(you)57°的轉(zhuan)動幅(fu)度。手(shou)臂無(wu)法完全地180度伸直(zhi)，也無(wu)法大(da)幅(fu)彎(wan)曲，而肱骨(gu)不能做(zuo)出(chu)90°彎(wan)曲。橈骨(gu)與尺骨(gu)互相固定，所以(yi)無(wu)法如人(ren)類(lei)的前(qian)臂，做(zuo)出(chu)往內側(ce)(ce)或(huo)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的動作。

每個腕骨之(zhi)間(jian)沒有(you)準(zhun)確地相(xiang)接合(he)，顯示手腕有(you)大量的軟(ruan)骨，可(ke)(ke)使手腕堅韌。當(dang)手指向外(wai)扳時(shi)，能幾(ji)乎(hu)碰(peng)觸到(dao)手腕。手指向內彎(wan)曲時(shi)，第(di)一指能與第(di)二指平行(xing)，第(di)三(san)指只能內彎(wan)。第(di)一指的指爪(zhua)最(zui)大，而且總是(shi)往內彎(wan)曲。第(di)二指爪(zhua)也總是(shi)彎(wan)曲的，而最(zui)小的第(di)三(san)指爪(zhua)則可(ke)(ke)往內側、外(wai)側擺動。

除了(le)計算前(qian)(qian)肢關節(jie)的(de)活(huo)動范圍以(yi)外(wai)，這個研究還提出了(le)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍的(de)獵(lie)(lie)食習(xi)性假設。它們的(de)前(qian)(qian)肢的(de)前(qian)(qian)擺(bai)幅度不(bu)(bu)大，遠距離時無法(fa)勾(gou)抓到獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)的(de)背(bei)部。因(yin)此前(qian)(qian)肢無法(fa)在與獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)較遠距離時派(pai)上用(yong)場(chang)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍應當會主(zhu)要(yao)使用(yong)嘴(zui)部來獵(lie)(lie)食。此外(wai)，前(qian)(qian)肢無法(fa)先一(yi)(yi)步(bu)于嘴(zui)部先碰觸到獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)，只(zhi)有(you)當嘴(zui)部咬住獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)時，強壯(zhuang)的(de)前(qian)(qian)肢才(cai)能將獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)拉近、緊緊抓住，防止獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)逃脫。當獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)企圖逃脫時，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍可用(yong)彎(wan)曲的(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)、第(di)二指爪刺住獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)的(de)身(shen)體(ti)。手(shou)指的(de)大幅外(wai)扳幅度是種演(yan)化適應，可讓魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)冒著手(shou)指關節(jie)脫臼的(de)風險就能抓住掙扎(zha)的(de)獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)。一(yi)(yi)旦獵(lie)(lie)物(wu)(wu)被緊抓到身(shen)體(ti)旁，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍便可以(yi)用(yong)嘴(zui)巴對其(qi)造(zao)成致命的(de)撕咬傷。

價值及其他

物種學史

2014年5月，在(zai)阿(a)根廷丘布(bu)特省(sheng)，發現了保存很完整(zheng)的(de)巨(ju)型蜥腳類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，包(bao)括兩(liang)具比較完整(zheng)的(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)一些(xie)(xie)零散(san)的(de)四肢(zhi)骨骼(ge)和(he)牙(ya)齒，這(zhe)(zhe)種恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)被(bei)(bei)命名(ming)為馬約氏·巴塔哥巨(ju)龍(long)Patagotitan mayorum，隨即(ji)，幾(ji)乎在(zai)同(tong)一時間(jian)，該(gai)地區又(you)發現了200多(duo)塊其他古生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。據當地博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館古生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學家(jia)何塞·路易斯(si)·卡爾(er)巴利多(duo)表示(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)應屬(shu)于(yu)至少(shao)7只恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中包(bao)括了55顆(ke)鯊齒龍(long)科(ke)的(de)牙(ya)齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、1顆(ke)阿(a)貝力龍(long)的(de)牙(ya)齒和(he)1顆(ke)馳(chi)龍(long)科(ke)的(de)牙(ya)齒。雖然(ran)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)齒與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)發現于(yu)同(tong)一組(zu)，但該(gai)組(zu)跨度較長(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)齒與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)不(bu)屬(shu)于(yu)同(tong)一段，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)屬(shu)地層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)年代被(bei)(bei)發現為白堊紀(ji)中期的(de)森諾(nuo)曼階(jie)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)牙(ya)齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)地層(ceng)(ceng)被(bei)(bei)發現屬(shu)于(yu)阿(a)爾(er)布(bu)階(jie)時期。因為時間(jian)和(he)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)一致(zhi)，所(suo)以這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)一定是魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)，而是來自(zi)于(yu)一個新物(wu)(wu)種。

名字含義

魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義為(wei)(wei)，"巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君蜥蜴(yi)"，也可以(yi)譯為(wei)(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君泰坦(tan)"或"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君巨人(ren)(ren)"，意(yi)指其(qi)駭人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體型以(yi)及(ji)粗壯厚實的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)怖外(wai)表。而在(zai)它(ta)們(men)所生存的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)里(li)，魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)無疑是頂級(ji)掠食者和(he)(he)當(dang)之(zhi)無愧(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸主(zhu)，在(zai)它(ta)們(men)所統治的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)國里(li)無疑是令所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)食草(cao)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)都聞風喪(sang)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君王(wang)。除此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)，在(zai)它(ta)們(men)生活時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿根廷(ting)，魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)是它(ta)們(men)所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)領域(yu)里(li)無可爭(zheng)議、至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)，令所有食草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)全都因(yin)為(wei)(wei)它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現和(he)(he)存在(zai)而感到恐(kong)懼，在(zai)屬于它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)，根據它(ta)們(men)強(qiang)有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)頜骨以(yi)及(ji)它(ta)們(men)至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態位置，科學(xue)家們(men)幾(ji)乎一(yi)致(zhi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)捕(bu)食過程和(he)(he)方(fang)式也一(yi)定相當(dang)地(di)兇殘和(he)(he)血腥(xing)，如果是霸王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)是白堊(e)紀末期北美(mei)洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君，那么將(jiang)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)形容為(wei)(wei)白堊(e)紀早期到中期南(nan)美(mei)洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君，絲毫(hao)不為(wei)(wei)過。在(zai)科學(xue)界被一(yi)致(zhi)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)很有意(yi)思的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)(he)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)霸王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義極(ji)其(qi)相似(si)，霸王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義為(wei)(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君蜥蜴(yi)之(zhi)王(wang)"，而魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義是"暴(bao)(bao)(bao)君泰坦(tan)"。

化石標本

魁紂龍的(de)正(zheng)模標本(編號MPEF-PV 1156)包含:部分齒骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、牙齒、第(di)3到8個(ge)與第(di)11到14個(ge)背椎、脈(mo)弧、一(yi)個(ge)肩(jian)胛喙軟骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、肱(gong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、尺(chi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、部分腸(chang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、一(yi)個(ge)接近完整的(de)股骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、腓骨(gu)(gu)(gu)、以及左(zuo)跖(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)。長度為12米，體(ti)重8噸。

副模標本(編號MPEF-PV 1157)包含(han):顴骨(gu)(gu)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)右(you)齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)、牙齒(chi)、寰椎(包含(han)髓突)、第9個(ge)(ge)頸椎、背椎(第7、第10、第13個(ge)(ge))、固(gu)定的(de)薦椎(總共5個(ge)(ge))、肋(lei)骨(gu)(gu)、右(you)股骨(gu)(gu)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)破碎的(de)左跖骨(gu)(gu)、以(yi)及三個(ge)(ge)趾骨(gu)(gu)(2-1、2-2、3-3)。體長12.5米，體重(zhong)9.3噸。

魁紂(zhou)龍的(de)標(biao)準特征為:小齒(chi)(chi)從中脊裂成兩個部分(fen)、沿著齒(chi)(chi)骨后部表面有(you)個次要溝(gou)槽(cao)、背(bei)部神經棘有(you)韌(ren)帶嵌入的(de)痕跡。

主要(yao)特征:肩胛骨(gu)巨大，體腔很寬，身體非常(chang)粗(cu)壯和(he)厚實，骨(gu)骼構(gou)造(zao)異常(chang)寬和(he)大，體形粗(cu)壯。

古生物學

魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)小齒(chi)的(de)(de)中央有可辨(bian)認的(de)(de)齒(chi)溝，將每個小齒(chi)分成兩部分。不(bu)像已知的(de)(de)其他鯊齒(chi)龍(long)(long)科恐龍(long)(long)，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)薦椎與尾椎缺乏空腔。而魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)肩胛喙軟骨已被固定住，并發展得比卡洛琳南方巨獸龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)還好。

但(dan)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)肩胛(jia)骨(gu)干部(bu)(bu)的(de)化石已經缺失(shi)。肩峰(Acromion)與軸干之間大(da)(da)約有90度的(de)彎曲(qu)，使這(zhe)個部(bu)(bu)位看起來稍(shao)微(wei)類似暴龍(long)(long)科恐龍(long)(long)。在咬(yao)合力和撕咬(yao)速(su)度上，由于魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)頭骨(gu)相對(dui)較小而且身(shen)(shen)體結構較原(yuan)始，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)如南方巨獸(shou)龍(long)(long)和馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)。此(ci)外，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)整體身(shen)(shen)體都呈粗(cu)壯、厚實(shi)、寬大(da)(da)的(de)形態，特別是肩胛(jia)骨(gu)和胸腔以(yi)(yi)及后肢。

科學分類

在(zai)2005年(nian)發(fa)現后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)分(fen)(fen)支分(fen)(fen)類法研究表明了魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，而(er)它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)近(jin)親(qin)(qin)(qin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)股骨(gu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)物(wu)顯示(shi)它(ta)們之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)接(jie)近(jin)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)些。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里亞與柯爾根據(ju)這層關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，提(ti)出一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)單系(xi)(xi)群分(fen)(fen)類，南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。該亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定義為:在(zai)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)之中，親(qin)(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)接(jie)近(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)物(wu)種。魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)暫(zan)時被分(fen)(fen)類于南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，需要更(geng)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)(de)(de)敘述才能做更(geng)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類。經過2013年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重新研究，特(te)別是對魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)骼(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳(xiang)細研究，發(fa)現魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以及馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)更(geng)為接(jie)近(jin)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠一(yi)點，隨后(hou)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學界廢除了南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，建立了南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu)，包括了分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)阿(a)根廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分(fen)(fen)入該族(zu),并且將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歸入鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(Carcharodontosaurinae)之中，代表著(zhu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)十分(fen)(fen)接(jie)近(jin)，并構(gou)成(cheng)了一(yi)個血(xue)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)接(jie)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演化(hua)支。根據(ju)魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所表現出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征，古生物(wu)學家(jia)認為其(qi)屬于鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu)，其(qi)與馬(ma)(ma)普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)著(zhu)很(hen)(hen)(hen)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。