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基本介紹

魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)是一種(zhong)大型異特龍(long)(long)(long)類，體(ti)型接近(jin)霸王龍(long)(long)(long)，其化石發(fa)現于阿(a)根廷的(de)巴塔哥尼(ni)亞地區。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)屬下僅包含一種(zhong)，丘(qiu)布(bu)特魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)與(yu)同屬于異特龍(long)(long)(long)類的(de)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)，南方巨獸龍(long)(long)(long)和馬普龍(long)(long)(long)有很(hen)近(jin)的(de)親(qin)緣關系。與(yu)這些(xie)近(jin)親(qin)相比(bi)，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)生(sheng)存時間更早(zao)，年代為早(zao)白堊(e)世的(de)阿(a)普特期。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)發(fa)現對于認識巨型鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)類的(de)早(zao)期形態演化具(ju)有重要(yao)意義。

命名由來

魁紂龍的(de)屬名是tyrannus和titan的(de)合成(cheng)詞，意為“巨大的(de)暴君”，種名是阿根(gen)廷(ting)的(de)丘布(bu)特省。

基本信息和形態學

魁紂龍(long)目前報(bao)道了兩件標本，正型標本MPEF-PV 1156包(bao)含了不(bu)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)齒骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，脫落的(de)牙齒；第3-8和11-14節背椎，近端尾椎，肋骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和脈(mo)弧；不(bu)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)肩胛烏喙(hui)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和右側(ce)肱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以及尺骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)；恥骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，坐骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，不(bu)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)腸骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)；幾乎完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，腓骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和第二跖骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。

樞(shu)椎(zhui)之后的(de)頸(jing)椎(zhui)均(jun)為后凹形。薦(jian)椎(zhui)前(qian)(qian)的(de)椎(zhui)體都(dou)具(ju)備(bei)良好發(fa)育的(de)氣腔。尾椎(zhui)骨缺乏氣腔或(huo)者滋養(yang)孔，這(zhe)一點于鯊齒龍和高棘(ji)龍不(bu)同。背椎(zhui)神經(jing)棘(ji)延前(qian)(qian)后方(fang)向伸長，背腹向加深以及內外向加厚，其前(qian)(qian)后面都(dou)發(fa)育有(you)強大的(de)韌帶附著點。

烏(wu)喙骨(gu)和肩(jian)(jian)(jian)胛骨(gu)愈合(he)。肩(jian)(jian)(jian)胛骨(gu)柄較窄，肩(jian)(jian)(jian)峰(feng)突較為(wei)(wei)高聳，與(yu)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)胛骨(gu)柄略呈90度(du)夾角。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)較為(wei)(wei)纖細的(de)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)帶骨(gu)骼與(yu)南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)較為(wei)(wei)粗壯(zhuang)的(de)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)帶形成鮮明的(de)對比，但是南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)的(de)烏(wu)喙骨(gu)更為(wei)(wei)退化(hua)。保存的(de)肱骨(gu)和尺骨(gu)表(biao)明魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)前肢較短(duan)但是比較粗壯(zhuang)。股(gu)骨(gu)厚實，具備鯊齒龍(long)類的(de)典型的(de)共近(jin)裔性狀組合(he)：股(gu)骨(gu)頭向(xiang)近(jin)端內側的(de)方向(xiang)延申，腓骨(gu)的(de)長度(du)小于股(gu)骨(gu)長度(du)的(de)70%。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)股(gu)骨(gu)長度(du)與(yu)南(nan)方巨獸(shou)龍(long)接近(jin)，股(gu)骨(gu)柄的(de)內外側向(xiang)寬度(du)為(wei)(wei)16.5厘米(mi)。

歸(gui)入(ru)標(biao)本MPEF-PV 1157包含了顴骨(gu)(gu)，右(you)側(ce)齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)，不關(guan)聯的(de)(de)牙齒(chi)，寰椎(zhui)(zhui)，第(di)(di)(di)9節(jie)(jie)頸椎(zhui)(zhui)，第(di)(di)(di)7，10和13節(jie)(jie)背(bei)椎(zhui)(zhui)，不完整(zheng)保存(cun)的(de)(de)1-5節(jie)(jie)合薦(jian)椎(zhui)(zhui)，一些(xie)不關(guan)聯的(de)(de)遠端尾椎(zhui)(zhui)骨(gu)(gu)，肋骨(gu)(gu)，右(you)側(ce)股骨(gu)(gu)，不完整(zheng)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)二跖骨(gu)(gu)，第(di)(di)(di)一二腳(jiao)趾的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)二指(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)(jie)骨(gu)(gu)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)腳(jiao)趾的(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)指(zhi)(zhi)節(jie)(jie)骨(gu)(gu)。歸(gui)入(ru)標(biao)本的(de)(de)體(ti)型比正形標(biao)本更(geng)大。

歸入標本(ben)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)骨長度(du)為(wei)68厘米，吻端的(de)深度(du)為(wei)14厘米。齒(chi)(chi)骨聯合處背腹向(xiang)加深且呈方(fang)形。齒(chi)(chi)骨上大約有(you)16個(ge)齒(chi)(chi)槽。牙(ya)齒(chi)(chi)的(de)遠中脊(ji)唇(chun)側具有(you)邊(bian)緣釉質褶(zhe)皺，這一(yi)特征也(ye)存在(zai)于其它(ta)鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍類(lei)中。牙(ya)齒(chi)(chi)前(qian)中脊(ji)的(de)鋸(ju)齒(chi)(chi)具有(you)二(er)裂(lie)(lie)式的(de)前(qian)邊(bian)緣。二(er)裂(lie)(lie)式的(de)鋸(ju)齒(chi)(chi)邊(bian)緣在(zai)巨齒(chi)(chi)龍類(lei)中也(ye)有(you)發現。

分類位置

目(mu)前主流的(de)(de)系(xi)統發(fa)育分析認(ren)為魁紂龍屬(shu)于異特龍超(chao)科的(de)(de)鯊齒龍類。在(zai)鯊齒龍類內部，它與鯊齒龍，馬(ma)普龍和南方巨獸龍形(xing)成了(le)(le)一(yi)個小單(dan)(dan)系(xi)。這一(yi)單(dan)(dan)系(xi)的(de)(de)成員都(dou)具有異常巨大(da)的(de)(de)體型(xing)，分別代表了(le)(le)岡瓦(wa)納古陸(lu)不同部分的(de)(de)頂級捕食者，且除了(le)(le)鯊齒龍發(fa)現(xian)(xian)于非洲以(yi)外，其(qi)余成員都(dou)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)于阿根廷。魁紂龍是這一(yi)單(dan)(dan)系(xi)中最早出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)成員。

科學意義以及體型估算

根(gen)據(ju)估算(suan)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體長可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)11.4-12米，甚(shen)至13米。體重大(da)(da)約為4.9-7噸。作為早(zao)期出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南半球(qiu)巨(ju)型(xing)鯊(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)有助于古生物學家(jia)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中(zhong)晚白堊階段(duan)恐龍(long)動(dong)物類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變。從阿普特期至塞諾曼期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)，岡瓦納古陸上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)主(zhu)要包括大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，而(er)植食性恐龍(long)則以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰(tai)坦巨(ju)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)基干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梁(liang)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為主(zhu)。在(zai)北非(fei)地區(qu)還有體長達到(dao)12米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鱷魚(yu)。在(zai)土倫期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期，大(da)(da)型(xing)鯊(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)南美洲化石(shi)記錄(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)頻率(lv)減少(shao)。在(zai)南美洲，馬達加斯加和(he)印度(du)等地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化石(shi)記錄(lu)中(zhong)取(qu)而(er)代(dai)之的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是體型(xing)略小(xiao)一些的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿貝力龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。巧合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，伴隨著(zhu)這兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)型(xing)獸腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消失，其它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些動(dong)物也逐(zhu)漸(jian)消失，包括大(da)(da)頭鱷類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)（典型(xing)代(dai)表(biao)包括帝鱷），大(da)(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基干禽龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)以(yi)(yi)及梁(liang)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。

這(zhe)(zhe)種在南方大陸上(shang)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)類(lei)群替(ti)換現(xian)(xian)(xian)象在北半球(qiu)(qiu)也平行出現(xian)(xian)(xian)。如以高棘龍(long)(long)(long)(long)西亞茨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)為代表(biao)的(de)(de)大型異特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)的(de)(de)消(xiao)失，取而代之的(de)(de)是大型暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)。植食(shi)性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)方面(mian)，隨著泰坦(tan)巨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)和基干禽龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)的(de)(de)消(xiao)失，角龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)和鴨嘴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)逐漸繁盛。這(zhe)(zhe)種在南半球(qiu)(qiu)和北半球(qiu)(qiu)平行發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)類(lei)群替(ti)代現(xian)(xian)(xian)象說明在這(zhe)(zhe)一時期(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)了全球(qiu)(qiu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)(xing)變革事(shi)件(jian)。對(dui)于這(zhe)(zhe)一事(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)詳細(xi)研究將會(hui)使(shi)古生(sheng)物(wu)學家更(geng)加深入的(de)(de)了解白堊紀末(mo)大滅(mie)絕前(qian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態變化(hua)。

生長與分布

丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E.Novas)、Sil發現與種vina de Valais、帕特(te)·里(li)(li)奇(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以(yi)及托馬斯·里(li)(li)奇(Tom Rich)等人在(zai)2005年所敘述。魁紂龍的(de)正模標(biao)本和副模標(biao)本被發(fa)現于(yu)(yu)阿根廷丘布特(te)省帕索(suo)印(yin)第歐東北方(fang)28公(gong)里(li)(li)的(de)La Juanita牧(mu)場。該地方(fang)被認為屬于(yu)(yu)Cerro Barcino地層，地質年代(dai)為阿爾必階，約1.08億年前的(de)白堊紀早(zao)期(qi)到中期(qi)。已有兩個完(wan)整度一般(ban)的(de)骨骼化(hua)石標(biao)本被發(fa)現。

形態及特征

魁紂龍Tyrannotitan

魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)名字(zi)含義是"暴君巨(ju)(ju)(ju)人"，最大(da)(da)體(ti)長可達12.5米，最大(da)(da)體(ti)重9.3噸。骨骼的(de)結構表(biao)明魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)親緣關系屬于(yu)在南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之間的(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于(yu)鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科，親緣關系更接(jie)近南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，并且與南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)共(gong)同組成南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，而離鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)相對(dui)較遠。體(ti)重指(zhi)數和(he)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)粗壯度(du)超過了(le)除霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)外(wai)的(de)所有獸(shou)(shou)腳(jiao)亞目和(he)食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，但頭(tou)部比(bi)例比(bi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)小一些(xie)，體(ti)重指(zhi)數和(he)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)粗壯程度(du)在食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里僅次(ci)于(yu)霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。它有著細(xi)小的(de)前(qian)肢和(he)爪子(zi)，就像白堊紀的(de)其他巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型掠食者--其他鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科，暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科和(he)阿貝力龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科那樣。已發現了(le)兩個完整度(du)較高(gao)的(de)骨骼化石。

體腔極寬

此外，在(zai)所有(you)獸(shou)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亞目和食肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里，除了著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以外，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)獸(shou)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亞目里，按比例(li)(li)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)最(zui)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)厚重(zhong)和寬大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下)，魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數和粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)程度僅僅次于(yu)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。一般個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)大(da)(da)概相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)同體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)85%甚至90%，股骨粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)、肩胛骨巨(ju)大(da)(da)、肋骨很粗(cu)(cu)(cu)厚、骨盆大(da)(da)、脊椎骨很寬，都使得魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數和身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)度，將(jiang)其他(ta)食肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(除霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long))遠遠甩在(zai)了身(shen)后(hou)，同體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)腔寬度和身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)厚實度穩穩地(di)超(chao)過了其他(ta)獸(shou)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亞目。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)不僅僅是(shi)肉食龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)下目異特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)超(chao)科鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科最(zui)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)整個(ge)獸(shou)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亞目、堅尾龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類、食肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里第二壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食肉恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。同體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)著霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)85-90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)，雖然(ran)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)程度和體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數還是(shi)遜色于(yu)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)一些，但是(shi)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)大(da)(da)個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)度按比例(li)(li)甚至超(chao)過了身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)較瘦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)如MOR555。

生活習性

和(he)絕大(da)多數鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)科一(yi)(yi)樣，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)也(ye)被認為(wei)是以(yi)中到(dao)巨型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)恐龍(long)(long)(long)為(wei)食物的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)極快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撕咬速度、異常鋒(feng)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)牙齒、大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)咬合力以(yi)及張(zhang)合度很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嘴巴，很適合快(kuai)速和(he)高(gao)頻率地撕咬動作緩慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)(jiao)類恐龍(long)(long)(long)，從獵物身上(shang)咬下皮(pi)肉，并且(qie)給獵物迅速地放血，以(yi)致獵物最(zui)終(zhong)因(yin)為(wei)傷勢(shi)過重倒下。而和(he)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)生活在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)地區和(he)時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)中型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)(jiao)類恐龍(long)(long)(long)丘布特龍(long)(long)(long)，也(ye)被研究認為(wei)是它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食物之一(yi)(yi)。除此之外，它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)親高(gao)棘龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬普龍(long)(long)(long)都有(you)直接化(hua)石證據(ju)，顯示它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)會采(cai)用群(qun)居(ju)(ju)團(tuan)結的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，一(yi)(yi)起生活和(he)捕食，如同現今非洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)獅子(zi)一(yi)(yi)樣，因(yin)此，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)也(ye)被認為(wei)很可(ke)能具有(you)群(qun)居(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習性，但缺少直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)石證據(ju)來徹底證實這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點。和(he)其他近(jin)親一(yi)(yi)樣，魁(kui)(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)也(ye)被認為(wei)是以(yi)中到(dao)巨型蜥(xi)腳(jiao)(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)恐龍(long)(long)(long)為(wei)主要(yao)食物的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

前肢研究

魁紂龍的(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)和自身(shen)相比(bi)，只能算是中等大小，前(qian)肢(zhi)大小和與自身(shen)比(bi)例總體和近(jin)親高棘龍大致(zhi)相當(dang)，但從比(bi)例和絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi)上來(lai)看(kan)(kan)，它(ta)的(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)大小和力量明(ming)顯超過了南(nan)方巨獸龍和馬普(pu)龍，如果從絕(jue)對(dui)值(zhi)上看(kan)(kan)，魁紂龍擁有著(zhu)(zhu)鯊齒(chi)龍科最(zui)大的(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)和爪子(zi)(zi)。此(ci)外，科學家(jia)們(men)認為(wei)，魁紂龍主要獵食和搏斗(dou)，具有著(zhu)(zhu)大咬合力的(de)(de)嘴巴是它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)主力武器，它(ta)們(men)很少(shao)會用到前(qian)肢(zhi)和爪子(zi)(zi)來(lai)攻(gong)擊(ji)(ji)敵人(ren)，因(yin)此(ci)它(ta)們(men)長度較長的(de)(de)頭部使得它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)前(qian)肢(zhi)位置較為(wei)靠后，在獵殺(sha)和戰斗(dou)時，嘴巴比(bi)前(qian)肢(zhi)爪子(zi)(zi)更容易先攻(gong)擊(ji)(ji)到目標。

前肢活動

如(ru)同(tong)絕大部分其(qi)(qi)他的(de)獸腳類(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)，魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)的(de)手(shou)(shou)掌心無法接觸地面(mian)，因(yin)此前(qian)肢沒有(you)支撐身體(ti)四足(zu)行走(zou)的(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，前(qian)肢的(de)主要用(yong)途被(bei)認(ren)為(wei)是在獵食時(shi)用(yong)到(dao)。MPEF-PV 1156標本的(de)保存下(xia)(xia)來的(de)絕大部分前(qian)肢骨(gu)骼，有(you)助于研(yan)究(jiu)魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)前(qian)肢的(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)活動范圍。一個(ge)研(yan)究(jiu)檢驗了骨(gu)頭與(yu)其(qi)(qi)相連(lian)骨(gu)頭的(de)表(biao)面(mian)，以計(ji)算關(guan)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)有(you)多少活動范圍，而不會(hui)(hui)關(guan)節(jie)脫位。如(ru)同(tong)許(xu)多現(xian)存初龍(long)類(lei)，許(xu)多手(shou)(shou)部關(guan)節(jie)的(de)骨(gu)頭并(bing)(bing)沒有(you)完全相吻合，顯示這些關(guan)節(jie)有(you)一定的(de)軟骨(gu)。這個(ge)研(yan)究(jiu)并(bing)(bing)指出當魁紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)休息(xi)時(shi)，前(qian)肢會(hui)(hui)從肩膀(bang)下(xia)(xia)垂(chui)，肱骨(gu)微向后擺，手(shou)(shou)肘彎曲，指爪朝(chao)內。

與(yu)人類(lei)相(xiang)比，魁紂龍的(de)肩膀的(de)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)范圍很小(xiao)(xiao)。它們(men)的(de)手(shou)臂(bei)無法做出360°的(de)旋轉幅(fu)度(du)，但可(ke)后(hou)擺至(zhi)(zhi)離垂直面約109°，所(suo)以(yi)肱(gong)骨(gu)可(ke)以(yi)后(hou)擺至(zhi)(zhi)斜微上方。手(shou)臂(bei)可(ke)以(yi)前轉至(zhi)(zhi)超過垂直面約25°。手(shou)臂(bei)往(wang)無法垂直地往(wang)下擺，但可(ke)外(wai)展至(zhi)(zhi)超于水平面約9°。與(yu)人類(lei)相(xiang)比，手(shou)肘的(de)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)范圍也(ye)很小(xiao)(xiao)，大約只有57°的(de)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)幅(fu)度(du)。手(shou)臂(bei)無法完全地180度(du)伸直，也(ye)無法大幅(fu)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)，而肱(gong)骨(gu)不(bu)能做出90°彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)。橈骨(gu)與(yu)尺(chi)骨(gu)互相(xiang)固定，所(suo)以(yi)無法如人類(lei)的(de)前臂(bei)，做出往(wang)內側或外(wai)側旋轉的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。

每個腕(wan)骨(gu)之間沒有準確地(di)相(xiang)接合，顯示(shi)手(shou)腕(wan)有大(da)量(liang)的軟骨(gu)，可使(shi)手(shou)腕(wan)堅韌。當手(shou)指(zhi)向外扳時，能幾乎碰觸到手(shou)腕(wan)。手(shou)指(zhi)向內(nei)彎曲時，第(di)一指(zhi)能與第(di)二指(zhi)平行，第(di)三(san)指(zhi)只能內(nei)彎。第(di)一指(zhi)的指(zhi)爪最(zui)大(da)，而且總是(shi)往(wang)內(nei)彎曲。第(di)二指(zhi)爪也總是(shi)彎曲的，而最(zui)小的第(di)三(san)指(zhi)爪則(ze)可往(wang)內(nei)側、外側擺動。

除(chu)了計(ji)算前肢(zhi)關節的活動范圍以外，這個研究還提出了魁紂(zhou)龍的獵(lie)食習性假(jia)設。它們的前肢(zhi)的前擺幅(fu)(fu)度不大，遠距離(li)時(shi)無法(fa)勾抓(zhua)(zhua)到獵(lie)物(wu)的背部(bu)。因此(ci)前肢(zhi)無法(fa)在與獵(lie)物(wu)較遠距離(li)時(shi)派上用(yong)場，魁紂(zhou)龍應當(dang)(dang)會主要(yao)使用(yong)嘴部(bu)來獵(lie)食。此(ci)外，前肢(zhi)無法(fa)先一步于嘴部(bu)先碰觸到獵(lie)物(wu)，只有(you)當(dang)(dang)嘴部(bu)咬住獵(lie)物(wu)時(shi)，強壯的前肢(zhi)才(cai)能將獵(lie)物(wu)拉近、緊緊抓(zhua)(zhua)住，防止獵(lie)物(wu)逃脫(tuo)(tuo)。當(dang)(dang)獵(lie)物(wu)企圖逃脫(tuo)(tuo)時(shi)，魁紂(zhou)龍可(ke)用(yong)彎曲(qu)的第一、第二指(zhi)(zhi)爪刺(ci)住獵(lie)物(wu)的身體。手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)的大幅(fu)(fu)外扳(ban)幅(fu)(fu)度是種(zhong)演化(hua)適應，可(ke)讓魁紂(zhou)龍不需要(yao)冒著手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)關節脫(tuo)(tuo)臼(jiu)的風險就能抓(zhua)(zhua)住掙扎的獵(lie)物(wu)。一旦獵(lie)物(wu)被緊抓(zhua)(zhua)到身體旁，魁紂(zhou)龍便可(ke)以用(yong)嘴巴(ba)對其造成致命的撕咬傷。

價值及其他

物種學史

2014年(nian)(nian)5月，在阿根廷丘(qiu)布特省，發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)保存很(hen)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)型蜥腳類恐龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，包(bao)括兩具比較完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)和一(yi)些(xie)(xie)零散的(de)(de)(de)四肢骨骼和牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種恐龍(long)(long)(long)被命名為馬約氏·巴塔哥巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)Patagotitan mayorum，隨即，幾乎在同一(yi)時(shi)間，該地(di)區又發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)200多塊其他(ta)古生物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。據當地(di)博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)古生物(wu)(wu)學家(jia)何(he)塞·路(lu)易斯(si)·卡爾巴利(li)多表示，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)應屬于(yu)至(zhi)少7只恐龍(long)(long)(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)中(zhong)包(bao)括了(le)55顆(ke)鯊齒(chi)(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)科的(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)、1顆(ke)阿貝力(li)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)和1顆(ke)馳龍(long)(long)(long)科的(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)。雖然這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)與(yu)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)于(yu)同一(yi)組，但(dan)該組跨度較長，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)與(yu)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)不屬于(yu)同一(yi)段，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)所(suo)(suo)屬地(di)層的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)代被發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)為白堊紀(ji)中(zhong)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)森諾曼階，魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)層被發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)屬于(yu)阿爾布階時(shi)期(qi)。因為時(shi)間和魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)并(bing)不一(yi)致，所(suo)(suo)以這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)并(bing)不一(yi)定是(shi)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)，而是(shi)來自于(yu)一(yi)個(ge)新物(wu)(wu)種。

名字含義

魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義(yi)為(wei)，"巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)蜥(xi)蜴(yi)"，也可以譯為(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)泰坦(tan)"或"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)巨人"，意(yi)(yi)指其駭人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)型(xing)以及(ji)粗壯厚實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐怖外表。而在(zai)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代里，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)無(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)頂級掠(lve)食者(zhe)和當(dang)之無(wu)(wu)愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)主，在(zai)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)統治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)國(guo)里無(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)令(ling)(ling)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食草(cao)恐龍(long)都(dou)聞(wen)風喪膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)。除此之外，在(zai)它(ta)(ta)們生(sheng)活時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)根廷，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)是(shi)(shi)它(ta)(ta)們所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領域里無(wu)(wu)可爭議、至(zhi)高無(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)，令(ling)(ling)所(suo)有(you)食草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐龍(long)全(quan)都(dou)因為(wei)它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現和存在(zai)而感到恐懼，在(zai)屬于它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代，根據它(ta)(ta)們強有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頜骨以及(ji)它(ta)(ta)們至(zhi)高無(wu)(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)位置，科學家們幾乎一(yi)(yi)致認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)捕(bu)食過程和方式也一(yi)(yi)定相當(dang)地兇殘(can)和血腥，如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)(shi)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)是(shi)(shi)白堊(e)紀末期北美(mei)(mei)洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)，那么將(jiang)魁紂(zhou)龍(long)形容(rong)為(wei)白堊(e)紀早期到中期南(nan)美(mei)(mei)洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)，絲(si)毫(hao)不為(wei)過。在(zai)科學界(jie)被一(yi)(yi)致認(ren)(ren)為(wei)很有(you)意(yi)(yi)思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，魁紂(zhou)龍(long)和著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義(yi)極其相似，霸(ba)王(wang)(wang)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義(yi)為(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)蜥(xi)蜴(yi)之王(wang)(wang)"，而魁紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字含義(yi)是(shi)(shi)"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)泰坦(tan)"。

化石標本

魁紂龍(long)的正模標本(編(bian)號MPEF-PV 1156)包含(han):部(bu)分齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)、牙(ya)齒(chi)、第(di)3到8個與(yu)第(di)11到14個背椎、脈(mo)弧、一個肩胛喙軟骨(gu)(gu)、肱骨(gu)(gu)、尺骨(gu)(gu)、部(bu)分腸骨(gu)(gu)、一個接近(jin)完整(zheng)的股骨(gu)(gu)、腓骨(gu)(gu)、以及左跖骨(gu)(gu)。長度(du)為(wei)12米(mi)，體重8噸。

副模(mo)標本(編號(hao)MPEF-PV 1157)包(bao)含(han):顴骨(gu)(gu)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)右齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)、牙齒(chi)、寰(huan)椎(zhui)(包(bao)含(han)髓突(tu))、第(di)9個(ge)(ge)頸椎(zhui)、背椎(zhui)(第(di)7、第(di)10、第(di)13個(ge)(ge))、固定的薦椎(zhui)(總(zong)共(gong)5個(ge)(ge))、肋(lei)骨(gu)(gu)、右股骨(gu)(gu)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)破碎的左跖骨(gu)(gu)、以及三個(ge)(ge)趾骨(gu)(gu)(2-1、2-2、3-3)。體(ti)(ti)長12.5米，體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)9.3噸。

魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍的標準特征為:小(xiao)齒(chi)從中脊裂成兩(liang)個部(bu)分(fen)、沿著齒(chi)骨后部(bu)表面有(you)個次要溝(gou)槽、背部(bu)神經(jing)棘有(you)韌帶嵌入的痕(hen)跡。

主要特征:肩胛骨(gu)巨(ju)大，體(ti)(ti)腔很寬(kuan)，身(shen)體(ti)(ti)非常(chang)粗壯(zhuang)和厚實，骨(gu)骼(ge)構造異常(chang)寬(kuan)和大，體(ti)(ti)形粗壯(zhuang)。

古生物學

魁(kui)紂龍(long)的小齒的中(zhong)央(yang)有可辨認的齒溝，將每個小齒分成兩部分。不(bu)像(xiang)已(yi)知的其他(ta)鯊齒龍(long)科恐龍(long)，魁(kui)紂龍(long)的薦椎(zhui)(zhui)與尾椎(zhui)(zhui)缺乏(fa)空腔。而魁(kui)紂龍(long)的肩胛喙軟骨已(yi)被固定住，并發(fa)展得比(bi)卡洛琳南方巨獸龍(long)的還好。

但大(da)部(bu)分的肩(jian)(jian)胛骨干部(bu)的化石已經缺失。肩(jian)(jian)峰(Acromion)與(yu)軸干之間大(da)約有90度(du)的彎曲，使(shi)這個(ge)部(bu)位看起來(lai)稍微類似(si)暴龍(long)(long)科恐龍(long)(long)。在咬(yao)合力和(he)撕咬(yao)速度(du)上(shang)，由于魁紂龍(long)(long)的頭骨相對較(jiao)小而且(qie)身體結構較(jiao)原始，所以不如南方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍(long)(long)和(he)馬普龍(long)(long)。此外，魁紂龍(long)(long)整體身體都呈粗壯、厚實、寬大(da)的形態，特別是肩(jian)(jian)胛骨和(he)胸腔以及(ji)后肢。

科學分類

在2005年發現后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里(li)亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)分(fen)(fen)支分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)法研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)表明了(le)魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬(shu)于鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，而(er)它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)親(qin)(qin)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)股骨(gu)(gu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構物(wu)顯示它(ta)們之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)血緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)很接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠(yuan)一(yi)些。科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)里(li)亞(ya)(ya)與柯爾根(gen)(gen)據這層(ceng)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，提出一(yi)個新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)系(xi)群分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)，南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。該亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定義(yi)為(wei):在鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)之中(zhong)，親(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)較(jiao)接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有物(wu)種。魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)暫時被分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)于南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，需要更(geng)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)敘述才能做更(geng)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)。經過2013年的(de)(de)(de)(de)重新(xin)(xin)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，特別是(shi)對魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)骼的(de)(de)(de)(de)詳細研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，發現魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以及馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)更(geng)為(wei)接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，而(er)離(li)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)遠(yuan)一(yi)點，隨后(hou)，科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學界廢除了(le)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，建立了(le)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，包括了(le)分(fen)(fen)布在阿根(gen)(gen)廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)型(xing)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分(fen)(fen)入(ru)該族,并且將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歸入(ru)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(Carcharodontosaurinae)之中(zhong)，代(dai)表著(zhu)鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，并構成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)個血緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)很接(jie)近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)支。根(gen)(gen)據魁紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所表現出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng)，古生物(wu)學家認為(wei)其(qi)(qi)屬(shu)于鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-鯊(sha)(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)-南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族，其(qi)(qi)與馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)南(nan)(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有著(zhu)很近(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)緣(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)。