魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)是一種大型(xing)異特龍(long)(long)(long)類,體型(xing)接近霸王龍(long)(long)(long),其化(hua)石發(fa)現于阿根廷的巴(ba)塔(ta)哥尼亞地區(qu)。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)屬下僅包(bao)含(han)一種,丘(qiu)布(bu)特魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)與(yu)同屬于異特龍(long)(long)(long)類的鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long),南方巨獸龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)馬普龍(long)(long)(long)有很近的親緣(yuan)關系。與(yu)這(zhe)些近親相比,魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的生(sheng)存時間更早(zao)(zao),年代為早(zao)(zao)白堊(e)世的阿普特期(qi)。魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)的發(fa)現對于認識(shi)巨型(xing)鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)類的早(zao)(zao)期(qi)形(xing)態(tai)演化(hua)具有重(zhong)要意義。
魁(kui)紂龍的屬名(ming)是tyrannus和(he)titan的合成詞,意為“巨大的暴君”,種名(ming)是阿根廷的丘布特省(sheng)。
魁紂龍目前報道了兩件標(biao)本,正(zheng)型標(biao)本MPEF-PV 1156包含了不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)齒骨,脫落(luo)的(de)牙齒;第(di)3-8和(he)11-14節背椎,近端(duan)尾椎,肋骨和(he)脈(mo)弧;不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)(ce)(ce)肩胛烏(wu)喙(hui)骨和(he)右側(ce)(ce)(ce)肱骨以及尺骨;恥骨,坐骨,不(bu)完整(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)(ce)(ce)腸(chang)骨;幾乎完整(zheng)的(de)左側(ce)(ce)(ce)股(gu)骨,腓骨和(he)第(di)二跖(zhi)骨。
樞椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)頸椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)均為后(hou)(hou)凹形。薦椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)前(qian)的(de)椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)體都具備良好發育的(de)氣(qi)(qi)腔(qiang)。尾(wei)椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)骨缺乏(fa)氣(qi)(qi)腔(qiang)或(huo)者(zhe)滋養孔,這(zhe)一點于鯊齒龍和高棘龍不同。背椎(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)神(shen)經棘延前(qian)后(hou)(hou)方向伸長,背腹向加深以及內外向加厚,其前(qian)后(hou)(hou)面都發育有強大的(de)韌(ren)帶附著點。
烏喙骨(gu)(gu)和(he)肩(jian)(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)愈合。肩(jian)(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)柄(bing)較(jiao)(jiao)窄(zhai),肩(jian)(jian)峰突較(jiao)(jiao)為高聳,與(yu)肩(jian)(jian)胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)柄(bing)略呈(cheng)90度夾角。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍較(jiao)(jiao)為纖細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)帶骨(gu)(gu)骼與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸龍較(jiao)(jiao)為粗壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)帶形(xing)成鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)對比(bi),但是南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸龍的(de)(de)(de)烏喙骨(gu)(gu)更為退(tui)化。保存的(de)(de)(de)肱骨(gu)(gu)和(he)尺骨(gu)(gu)表明(ming)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)(de)前肢較(jiao)(jiao)短但是比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)粗壯(zhuang)。股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)厚實,具備鯊齒(chi)龍類的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)近(jin)(jin)裔性(xing)狀(zhuang)組合:股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)頭(tou)向(xiang)近(jin)(jin)端內側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)延(yan)申,腓骨(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度小于股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)長(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)70%。魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍的(de)(de)(de)股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)長(chang)度與(yu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)獸龍接近(jin)(jin),股(gu)(gu)骨(gu)(gu)柄(bing)的(de)(de)(de)內外側(ce)(ce)向(xiang)寬度為16.5厘米。
歸入標(biao)本(ben)MPEF-PV 1157包含了顴骨(gu)(gu),右側齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu),不(bu)關聯的牙齒(chi),寰椎(zhui)(zhui),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)9節(jie)頸椎(zhui)(zhui),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)7,10和13節(jie)背椎(zhui)(zhui),不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)保(bao)存的1-5節(jie)合薦(jian)椎(zhui)(zhui),一些不(bu)關聯的遠端尾(wei)椎(zhui)(zhui)骨(gu)(gu),肋骨(gu)(gu),右側股骨(gu)(gu),不(bu)完(wan)整(zheng)的第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)跖骨(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一二(er)腳趾的第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)指節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三腳趾的第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三指節(jie)骨(gu)(gu)。歸入標(biao)本(ben)的體型比正形標(biao)本(ben)更大。
歸入標本(ben)的齒骨(gu)長(chang)度為68厘(li)米,吻端的深度為14厘(li)米。齒骨(gu)聯合處背腹向加深且(qie)呈(cheng)方形。齒骨(gu)上大約有(you)(you)16個齒槽(cao)。牙(ya)齒的遠中脊(ji)唇側具(ju)有(you)(you)邊(bian)緣釉(you)質褶皺(zhou),這一特(te)征(zheng)也存在(zai)于其它鯊(sha)齒龍類中。牙(ya)齒前中脊(ji)的鋸(ju)齒具(ju)有(you)(you)二(er)裂(lie)式的前邊(bian)緣。二(er)裂(lie)式的鋸(ju)齒邊(bian)緣在(zai)巨(ju)齒龍類中也有(you)(you)發現。
目前主流的(de)(de)系(xi)統發(fa)育分析認為魁(kui)(kui)紂龍屬于(yu)(yu)異特龍超科的(de)(de)鯊齒(chi)龍類。在鯊齒(chi)龍類內部,它(ta)與鯊齒(chi)龍,馬普龍和(he)南方巨獸龍形成了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個小單系(xi)。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)單系(xi)的(de)(de)成員(yuan)都(dou)具有異常巨大的(de)(de)體型,分別(bie)代表了(le)岡瓦納古陸(lu)不(bu)同部分的(de)(de)頂(ding)級捕食者,且除了(le)鯊齒(chi)龍發(fa)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)非洲以外,其余成員(yuan)都(dou)發(fa)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)阿根廷。魁(kui)(kui)紂龍是這一(yi)(yi)(yi)單系(xi)中最早出現(xian)的(de)(de)成員(yuan)。
根據估算,魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)長(chang)可以(yi)達到(dao)11.4-12米(mi),甚至13米(mi)。體(ti)重大(da)(da)(da)約為(wei)(wei)4.9-7噸。作為(wei)(wei)早期出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)半球巨(ju)型(xing)(xing)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei),魁(kui)紂龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現有(you)助于古(gu)生物學(xue)家更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中晚(wan)白堊階段(duan)恐龍(long)動物類(lei)(lei)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變。從阿(a)普特期至塞(sai)諾曼期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),岡瓦納古(gu)陸(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)主要包括(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)類(lei)(lei),而植(zhi)食性恐龍(long)則以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泰坦巨(ju)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)基(ji)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梁龍(long)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)主。在(zai)北(bei)非(fei)地區還有(you)體(ti)長(chang)達到(dao)12米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鱷(e)魚(yu)。在(zai)土倫期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期,大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)鯊齒(chi)龍(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)棘龍(long)類(lei)(lei)在(zai)南(nan)美洲化(hua)石記錄(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現頻(pin)率減少。在(zai)南(nan)美洲,馬(ma)達加(jia)斯加(jia)和(he)印度(du)等(deng)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)石記錄(lu)中取而代(dai)之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是體(ti)型(xing)(xing)略(lve)小一(yi)些(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)貝力龍(long)類(lei)(lei)。巧合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,伴隨著這兩類(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消失,其(qi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)動物也逐(zhu)漸消失,包括(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)頭鱷(e)類(lei)(lei)(典型(xing)(xing)代(dai)表(biao)包括(kuo)帝鱷(e)),大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)干(gan)禽龍(long)類(lei)(lei)以(yi)及梁龍(long)類(lei)(lei)。
這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)大(da)陸上出現(xian)(xian)的(de)動物類(lei)(lei)群(qun)替換現(xian)(xian)象在(zai)(zai)北半球也平行出現(xian)(xian)。如以高(gao)棘龍(long)(long)西亞茨龍(long)(long)為代表的(de)大(da)型異特(te)龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的(de)消失,取而代之的(de)是(shi)大(da)型暴龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)。植食性(xing)動物方(fang)面,隨(sui)著泰坦巨(ju)龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)基干禽龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的(de)消失,角龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)鴨嘴龍(long)(long)逐漸繁盛。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種在(zai)(zai)南半球和(he)北半球平行發生的(de)動物類(lei)(lei)群(qun)替代現(xian)(xian)象說明在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一時期發生了全球性(xing)的(de)生物多樣性(xing)變(bian)革事件(jian)。對于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一事件(jian)的(de)詳(xiang)細研(yan)究(jiu)將會使古生物學(xue)家更(geng)加(jia)深入(ru)的(de)了解白堊紀末大(da)滅絕前(qian)的(de)生態變(bian)化。
丘布特魁紂龍是由奧尼拉斯·諾瓦(Fernando E.Novas)、Sil發現與種vina de Valais、帕(pa)特(te)·里奇(qi)(Pat Vickers-Rich)、以及托馬斯·里奇(qi)(Tom Rich)等人在2005年(nian)所敘述。魁紂龍(long)的(de)正模標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)和副模標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)被發(fa)現于阿根廷(ting)丘布特(te)省帕(pa)索印(yin)第歐東北方(fang)28公里的(de)La Juanita牧場。該地方(fang)被認為屬于Cerro Barcino地層,地質年(nian)代為阿爾必階,約(yue)1.08億年(nian)前的(de)白堊紀早期到中期。已有兩個完整度一般的(de)骨骼化石(shi)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)被發(fa)現。
魁紂(zhou)龍(long)Tyrannotitan
魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)含(han)義是(shi)"暴君(jun)巨(ju)(ju)人(ren)",最大體(ti)長可達12.5米,最大體(ti)重(zhong)9.3噸。骨骼的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)表明魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)關(guan)系屬于在南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)之間的(de)(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke),親緣(yuan)關(guan)系更(geng)接近南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),并且與南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和馬(ma)普龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)共同組成南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族,而(er)離鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)相(xiang)對較遠。體(ti)重(zhong)指(zhi)數和身(shen)體(ti)粗壯度超過了除(chu)霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)外的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有獸(shou)(shou)(shou)腳亞(ya)目和食肉(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),但頭部比(bi)(bi)例比(bi)(bi)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)小一些,體(ti)重(zhong)指(zhi)數和身(shen)體(ti)粗壯程度在食肉(rou)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里僅次(ci)于霸王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。它有著細小的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)肢和爪(zhua)子,就像白堊(e)紀的(de)(de)(de)其他巨(ju)(ju)型掠食者--其他鯊(sha)(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke),暴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)和阿貝力龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)那樣。已(yi)發(fa)現了兩個完(wan)整度較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)骨骼化石。
此(ci)外(wai),在所有(you)(you)獸腳(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)和食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里,除了著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以外(wai),魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)獸腳(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)里,按(an)比例(li)(li)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)最(zui)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)厚重(zhong)和寬(kuan)(kuan)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下),魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數和粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)程度(du)僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)次于霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。一(yi)般個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)大(da)概(gai)相當(dang)于同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)85%甚至(zhi)(zhi)90%,股骨(gu)(gu)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)、肩胛骨(gu)(gu)巨大(da)、肋骨(gu)(gu)很粗(cu)(cu)(cu)厚、骨(gu)(gu)盆大(da)、脊椎骨(gu)(gu)很寬(kuan)(kuan),都使得魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數和身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)度(du),將其他食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(除霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long))遠(yuan)遠(yuan)甩在了身(shen)(shen)后,同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)腔(qiang)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)和身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)厚實度(du)穩(wen)穩(wen)地超(chao)(chao)過(guo)了其他獸腳(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)。魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)不僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)肉食龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)下目(mu)異特龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)超(chao)(chao)科鯊齒龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科最(zui)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)獸腳(jiao)亞(ya)目(mu)、堅(jian)尾(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類、食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)里第(di)二壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食肉恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。同(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)(you)著(zhu)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)85-90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong),雖然粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)程度(du)和體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)指數還是(shi)(shi)遜色于霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)一(yi)些,但是(shi)(shi)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)大(da)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)壯(zhuang)度(du)按(an)比例(li)(li)甚至(zhi)(zhi)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)了身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)較瘦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)王龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)如MOR555。
和(he)絕大多數鯊齒龍(long)科一(yi)樣,魁紂(zhou)龍(long)也(ye)被(bei)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)中到巨型(xing)(xing)蜥腳亞目(mu)恐(kong)龍(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de),它(ta)們(men)(men)極快的(de)(de)撕咬(yao)速度(du)、異(yi)常(chang)鋒利的(de)(de)牙齒、大的(de)(de)咬(yao)合(he)力以(yi)及張合(he)度(du)很(hen)大的(de)(de)嘴巴(ba),很(hen)適合(he)快速和(he)高頻率地(di)撕咬(yao)動作緩慢的(de)(de)大型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類恐(kong)龍(long),從(cong)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)身上(shang)咬(yao)下(xia)皮肉,并(bing)且(qie)給獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)迅速地(di)放血,以(yi)致獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)最終(zhong)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)傷勢過重倒下(xia)。而和(he)它(ta)們(men)(men)生活在同(tong)一(yi)地(di)區和(he)時代的(de)(de)中型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類恐(kong)龍(long)丘布特龍(long),也(ye)被(bei)研究認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)它(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)一(yi)。除此之(zhi)外,它(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)近(jin)親高棘(ji)龍(long)和(he)馬普龍(long)都(dou)有直(zhi)接(jie)化石(shi)證據,顯(xian)示它(ta)們(men)(men)會采用群居團(tuan)結的(de)(de)方式,一(yi)起生活和(he)捕食(shi),如同(tong)現今非洲的(de)(de)獅子一(yi)樣,因(yin)此,魁紂(zhou)龍(long)也(ye)被(bei)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)很(hen)可(ke)能具有群居的(de)(de)習性,但(dan)缺少直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)(de)化石(shi)證據來徹底證實這一(yi)點。和(he)其他(ta)近(jin)親一(yi)樣,魁紂(zhou)龍(long)也(ye)被(bei)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)以(yi)中到巨型(xing)(xing)蜥腳亞目(mu)恐(kong)龍(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要食(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)。
魁紂龍的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)自身相(xiang)比,只(zhi)能(neng)算(suan)是(shi)中等大(da)小,前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小和(he)(he)(he)與自身比例總體和(he)(he)(he)近親(qin)高棘(ji)龍大(da)致(zhi)相(xiang)當,但從比例和(he)(he)(he)絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)值上來看(kan),它的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小和(he)(he)(he)力(li)量明顯超過了南方巨獸龍和(he)(he)(he)馬普龍,如果從絕(jue)對(dui)(dui)值上看(kan),魁紂龍擁有著(zhu)(zhu)鯊齒龍科最大(da)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)爪(zhua)子(zi)。此外,科學(xue)家們(men)(men)(men)認為,魁紂龍主(zhu)要(yao)獵(lie)食和(he)(he)(he)搏斗,具有著(zhu)(zhu)大(da)咬(yao)合力(li)的(de)(de)嘴巴是(shi)它們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)武器,它們(men)(men)(men)很少(shao)會(hui)用到前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)爪(zhua)子(zi)來攻擊敵人,因此它們(men)(men)(men)長度(du)較長的(de)(de)頭部使得它們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)位置較為靠(kao)后,在(zai)獵(lie)殺和(he)(he)(he)戰(zhan)斗時,嘴巴比前(qian)(qian)肢(zhi)(zhi)爪(zhua)子(zi)更容(rong)易(yi)先攻擊到目(mu)標。
如同(tong)絕(jue)大部分(fen)其他的(de)獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐龍,魁紂龍的(de)手掌心無法(fa)接觸(chu)地面,因此前(qian)肢沒有(you)支撐(cheng)身體四足行走的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng),前(qian)肢的(de)主要用(yong)途被認為是在獵食時用(yong)到(dao)。MPEF-PV 1156標(biao)本的(de)保存(cun)下來的(de)絕(jue)大部分(fen)前(qian)肢骨(gu)(gu)骼,有(you)助(zhu)于研究魁紂龍前(qian)肢的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)與(yu)活動范(fan)圍。一(yi)個研究檢(jian)驗了(le)骨(gu)(gu)頭與(yu)其相連(lian)骨(gu)(gu)頭的(de)表面,以計算關(guan)節能(neng)(neng)有(you)多少活動范(fan)圍,而不會(hui)關(guan)節脫位。如同(tong)許(xu)多現存(cun)初龍類(lei)(lei),許(xu)多手部關(guan)節的(de)骨(gu)(gu)頭并沒有(you)完全相吻合(he),顯示這些(xie)關(guan)節有(you)一(yi)定的(de)軟骨(gu)(gu)。這個研究并指出當魁紂龍休息時,前(qian)肢會(hui)從肩膀下垂,肱骨(gu)(gu)微向(xiang)后擺,手肘彎曲,指爪朝(chao)內。
與人(ren)類相比(bi)(bi),魁紂龍的(de)(de)肩(jian)膀(bang)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)范圍(wei)很小。它們的(de)(de)手臂(bei)(bei)無(wu)法(fa)做出(chu)360°的(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)幅(fu)度,但可(ke)后(hou)擺至離垂直面約109°,所以(yi)肱骨(gu)(gu)可(ke)以(yi)后(hou)擺至斜微(wei)上方。手臂(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)前轉(zhuan)至超(chao)(chao)過垂直面約25°。手臂(bei)(bei)往(wang)無(wu)法(fa)垂直地往(wang)下擺,但可(ke)外展至超(chao)(chao)于水平面約9°。與人(ren)類相比(bi)(bi),手肘的(de)(de)活動(dong)范圍(wei)也很小,大(da)約只有57°的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)幅(fu)度。手臂(bei)(bei)無(wu)法(fa)完(wan)全地180度伸直,也無(wu)法(fa)大(da)幅(fu)彎曲,而肱骨(gu)(gu)不(bu)能做出(chu)90°彎曲。橈(rao)骨(gu)(gu)與尺(chi)骨(gu)(gu)互相固定,所以(yi)無(wu)法(fa)如人(ren)類的(de)(de)前臂(bei)(bei),做出(chu)往(wang)內側或外側旋轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)動(dong)作。
每(mei)個腕(wan)骨之間沒有準(zhun)確地相接合,顯示(shi)手(shou)腕(wan)有大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)軟骨,可使手(shou)腕(wan)堅韌。當手(shou)指向外(wai)扳(ban)時,能幾(ji)乎碰觸到手(shou)腕(wan)。手(shou)指向內(nei)彎曲(qu)時,第(di)一(yi)指能與第(di)二(er)指平行,第(di)三指只能內(nei)彎。第(di)一(yi)指的(de)(de)(de)指爪(zhua)最大,而(er)且總(zong)是往(wang)內(nei)彎曲(qu)。第(di)二(er)指爪(zhua)也總(zong)是彎曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de),而(er)最小的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三指爪(zhua)則可往(wang)內(nei)側、外(wai)側擺動。
除了計算前肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關節的(de)活動范圍以(yi)外(wai),這個研(yan)究還提(ti)出(chu)了魁紂(zhou)龍的(de)獵(lie)食習性假(jia)設。它(ta)們的(de)前肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)前擺幅(fu)(fu)度不大,遠(yuan)距離(li)時(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法勾(gou)抓到獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)背部(bu)。因此前肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法在與獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)較遠(yuan)距離(li)時(shi)派上用場(chang),魁紂(zhou)龍應當會(hui)主(zhu)要(yao)使用嘴(zui)部(bu)來(lai)獵(lie)食。此外(wai),前肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法先(xian)(xian)一步于嘴(zui)部(bu)先(xian)(xian)碰(peng)觸到獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu),只有當嘴(zui)部(bu)咬(yao)(yao)住(zhu)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)時(shi),強壯的(de)前肢(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才能將獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)拉近、緊緊抓住(zhu),防止(zhi)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)逃脫(tuo)(tuo)。當獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)企圖(tu)逃脫(tuo)(tuo)時(shi),魁紂(zhou)龍可用彎曲的(de)第一、第二(er)指(zhi)(zhi)爪刺(ci)住(zhu)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)身(shen)體。手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)的(de)大幅(fu)(fu)外(wai)扳幅(fu)(fu)度是種演化(hua)適應,可讓魁紂(zhou)龍不需要(yao)冒著手(shou)指(zhi)(zhi)關節脫(tuo)(tuo)臼的(de)風險就能抓住(zhu)掙(zheng)扎的(de)獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。一旦獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)被緊抓到身(shen)體旁,魁紂(zhou)龍便可以(yi)用嘴(zui)巴對其造成致命(ming)的(de)撕咬(yao)(yao)傷。
2014年5月,在(zai)阿(a)根廷丘布(bu)特省(sheng),發現(xian)了(le)保存很完整的(de)巨(ju)型(xing)蜥腳類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi),包(bao)括兩具比較完整的(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)零散的(de)四肢(zhi)骨骼和牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi),這(zhe)(zhe)種恐(kong)龍(long)(long)被命(ming)名為馬(ma)約氏·巴塔哥巨(ju)龍(long)(long)Patagotitan mayorum,隨即,幾乎在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時間(jian),該地區(qu)又發現(xian)了(le)200多塊其他古生物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。據當地博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館古生物(wu)(wu)(wu)學家何塞·路易斯·卡(ka)爾巴利多表示,這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)應屬于至少7只恐(kong)龍(long)(long),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)中包(bao)括了(le)55顆(ke)鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)科(ke)的(de)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)、1顆(ke)阿(a)貝力龍(long)(long)的(de)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)和1顆(ke)馳龍(long)(long)科(ke)的(de)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)。雖然這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)發現(xian)于同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)組,但該組跨度(du)較長(chang),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)與魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)不屬于同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段,這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)所屬地層的(de)年代被發現(xian)為白(bai)堊紀中期的(de)森諾曼階(jie)(jie),魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)地層被發現(xian)屬于阿(a)爾布(bu)階(jie)(jie)時期。因為時間(jian)和魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)并不一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,所以這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)牙(ya)(ya)齒(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)并不一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)魁(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)(long)的(de),而是(shi)來自于一(yi)(yi)(yi)個新物(wu)(wu)(wu)種。
魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei),"巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蜥蜴",也(ye)可以(yi)譯為(wei)(wei)(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)泰坦"或"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)巨人",意(yi)指其(qi)駭人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體型以(yi)及粗壯(zhuang)厚實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)怖(bu)外(wai)表。而在(zai)它們(men)(men)(men)所生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代里,魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)無(wu)疑是頂級掠(lve)食者和(he)當之無(wu)愧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)(ba)主,在(zai)它們(men)(men)(men)所統(tong)治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)國里無(wu)疑是令(ling)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食草恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)都聞風(feng)喪膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)王(wang)。除(chu)此之外(wai),在(zai)它們(men)(men)(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阿根廷(ting),魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)是它們(men)(men)(men)所處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領域里無(wu)可爭議、至(zhi)高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang),令(ling)所有食草的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)全都因為(wei)(wei)(wei)它們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現和(he)存在(zai)而感到(dao)恐(kong)懼,在(zai)屬于它們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代,根據它們(men)(men)(men)強(qiang)有力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頜骨以(yi)及它們(men)(men)(men)至(zhi)高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態位置,科學家(jia)們(men)(men)(men)幾(ji)乎一(yi)致(zhi)認為(wei)(wei)(wei),它們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)捕食過(guo)程和(he)方式也(ye)一(yi)定相當地(di)兇(xiong)殘(can)和(he)血腥,如果是霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)是白堊(e)紀末期(qi)北美洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),那么(me)將魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)形容(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白堊(e)紀早期(qi)到(dao)中期(qi)南(nan)美洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),絲毫不為(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)。在(zai)科學界被一(yi)致(zhi)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)很(hen)有意(yi)思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義(yi)極其(qi)相似,霸(ba)(ba)王(wang)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蜥蜴之王(wang)",而魁(kui)紂龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字含義(yi)是"暴(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)泰坦"。
魁紂龍的正(zheng)模標(biao)本(編號MPEF-PV 1156)包含:部分(fen)齒(chi)骨、牙齒(chi)、第3到(dao)8個(ge)(ge)與第11到(dao)14個(ge)(ge)背椎、脈弧、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)肩胛(jia)喙軟骨、肱骨、尺骨、部分(fen)腸(chang)骨、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)接近完整(zheng)的股骨、腓骨、以及左(zuo)跖骨。長度為12米,體重8噸(dun)。
副模標(biao)本(ben)(編號(hao)MPEF-PV 1157)包(bao)(bao)含:顴骨、一個右(you)齒骨、牙齒、寰椎(zhui)(zhui)(包(bao)(bao)含髓(sui)突(tu))、第9個頸(jing)椎(zhui)(zhui)、背椎(zhui)(zhui)(第7、第10、第13個)、固定的(de)薦椎(zhui)(zhui)(總共5個)、肋(lei)骨、右(you)股(gu)骨、一個破碎的(de)左跖骨、以及三個趾骨(2-1、2-2、3-3)。體長12.5米,體重9.3噸。
魁紂(zhou)龍的標準特征為:小(xiao)齒(chi)從(cong)中脊裂成兩個(ge)部(bu)分、沿著齒(chi)骨后部(bu)表面有個(ge)次要溝槽、背部(bu)神經棘有韌(ren)帶嵌入的痕跡(ji)。
主要(yao)特征:肩胛骨巨大,體(ti)(ti)腔很寬,身體(ti)(ti)非常粗壯(zhuang)和(he)(he)厚實,骨骼構造異常寬和(he)(he)大,體(ti)(ti)形粗壯(zhuang)。
魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)小齒(chi)(chi)的(de)中央有(you)可辨認(ren)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)溝,將每個小齒(chi)(chi)分成(cheng)兩部分。不像已知的(de)其他鯊齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)科恐(kong)龍(long),魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)薦椎(zhui)與尾椎(zhui)缺乏空腔(qiang)。而(er)魁(kui)(kui)紂(zhou)龍(long)的(de)肩胛喙軟(ruan)骨已被固定住,并發展得比卡洛琳南方巨獸龍(long)的(de)還好。
但大(da)部分的(de)肩(jian)胛骨干(gan)部的(de)化石已經缺失。肩(jian)峰(Acromion)與軸干(gan)之間大(da)約有90度(du)的(de)彎曲,使這個部位看起來(lai)稍微類似暴龍科恐龍。在咬合力和撕咬速度(du)上,由于魁紂龍的(de)頭(tou)骨相(xiang)對較(jiao)小而且身體(ti)結構較(jiao)原(yuan)始,所以(yi)不如南(nan)方巨(ju)獸(shou)龍和馬普龍。此外(wai),魁紂龍整(zheng)體(ti)身體(ti)都(dou)呈粗壯、厚實、寬大(da)的(de)形態,特(te)別是肩(jian)胛骨和胸腔以(yi)及后肢。
在(zai)2005年發現(xian)后的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong),科(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)支分(fen)類法研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)表明(ming)了(le)魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于(yu)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke),而它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)科(ke)(ke)近(jin)親南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)股骨上的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)物(wu)顯示它(ta)(ta)們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)血緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)很(hen)接近(jin),而離(li)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)(jiao)遠(yuan)(yuan)一些。科(ke)(ke)里亞(ya)(ya)與柯爾根(gen)據(ju)這層關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),提出一個(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)單系(xi)(xi)群(qun)分(fen)類,南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)。該亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)定義為:在(zai)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)之(zhi)中(zhong),親緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)(jiao)接近(jin)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),而離(li)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)(jiao)遠(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)物(wu)種。魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)暫(zan)時被分(fen)類于(yu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke),需要(yao)更(geng)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)敘述才能做更(geng)正確的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類。經過2013年的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)新研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),特別是對魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼(ge)的(de)(de)(de)詳細(xi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),發現(xian)魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以及馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)更(geng)為接近(jin),而離(li)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)較(jiao)(jiao)遠(yuan)(yuan)一點,隨后,科(ke)(ke)學界(jie)廢除了(le)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke),建立了(le)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu),包括了(le)分(fen)布在(zai)阿根(gen)廷(ting)的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)型(xing)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分(fen)入(ru)該族(zu),并且將(jiang)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)歸入(ru)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(Carcharodontosaurinae)之(zhi)中(zhong),代表著(zhu)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十分(fen)接近(jin),并構(gou)成了(le)一個(ge)血緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)很(hen)接近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)演化(hua)支。根(gen)據(ju)魁(kui)紂(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)所表現(xian)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng),古生(sheng)物(wu)學家認為其屬于(yu)鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科(ke)(ke)-鯊(sha)齒(chi)(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)-南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)族(zu),其與馬普(pu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)巨(ju)(ju)獸(shou)(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有(you)(you)著(zhu)很(hen)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)親緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。