簡介
卻(que)(que)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)寺(si)(si),藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語稱(cheng)(cheng)“卻(que)(que)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)具喜不(bu)變洲(zhou)”,后易名“佛教宏揚洲(zhou)”,位于(yu)青(qing)海省(sheng)互助土族自治縣(xian)城北(bei)(bei)約(yue)20公里處,在今(jin)南門峽鎮政府所在的本(ben)朗扎西(xi)(xi)灘(亦稱(cheng)(cheng)卻(que)(que)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)灘)。卻(que)(que)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)寺(si)(si)座落在南門水庫風景區3公里處,屬(shu)喇嘛(黃教)寺(si)(si)院。寺(si)(si)院東西(xi)(xi)兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)環保,從(cong)整個山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢看(kan),右如盤龍繞臥,左似鳳凰展翅,前有(you)獅子山(shan)(shan)(shan)拱衛,山(shan)(shan)(shan)上松柏(bo)蒼翠,寺(si)(si)前良田千畝,一片翠綠。乾隆(long)三(san)十年(公元(yuan)1765年),清(qing)追賜“廣教寺(si)(si)”匾牌,其建筑宏偉,有(you)“到(dao)了卻(que)(que)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)寺(si)(si),北(bei)(bei)京則甭(beng)去(qu)”的美(mei)稱(cheng)(cheng)。
寺院東西有二山環(huan)抱(bao),右如盤龍(long)繞臥,左(zuo)似(si)鳳凰展翅(chi),山上松柏蒼翠,寺前良田千畝,一片翠綠。
宗教活動
卻藏(zang)寺全(quan)年的(de)主要經(jing)事(shi)和學(xue)經(jing)活動(dong)有(you)(you)農歷(li)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉(ju)行(xing)的(de)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祈愿法(fa)(fa)會(hui)。其(qi)(qi)間(jian),初(chu)(chu)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)曬佛、跳欠活動(dong),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)展出酥油花。二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)春季學(xue)經(jing)期(qi),舉(ju)行(xing)辯(bian)經(jing)活動(dong)。二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)時輪金(jin)剛(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)。其(qi)(qi)間(jian),初(chu)(chu)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)和十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)分別稱“薩(sa)嘎”、“喬嘎” ,為(wei)觀經(jing)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)大威德金(jin)剛(gang)修供(gong)會(hui),會(hui)上(shang)有(you)(you)開光、護(hu)摩(mo)活動(dong)。四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)夏季學(xue)經(jing)期(qi)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)集密金(jin)剛(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)。六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉(ju)行(xing)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祈愿法(fa)(fa)會(hui)。其(qi)(qi)間(jian),初(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)辯(bian)經(jing)考試(shi),初(chu)(chu)四(si)和初(chu)(chu)八兩日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)觀經(jing)會(hui),內容同正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)住夏學(xue)經(jing)。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)勝樂(le)金(jin)剛(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)。九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)秋季學(xue)經(jing)期(qi),其(qi)(qi)間(jian)有(you)(you)為(wei)期(qi)7天的(de)法(fa)(fa)王鐵城修供(gong)活動(dong)。
十(shi)(shi)月十(shi)(shi)五日至月底為五供節誦經(jing)會。十(shi)(shi)一月全月為冬(dong)季學經(jing)期。臘月,由28僧做酥油花(hua)14天,一般(ban)有5個花(hua)架,于(yu)正(zheng)月十(shi)(shi)五日在(zai)千佛殿前展(zhan)出(chu)。屆時周圍及湟源、湟中一帶群眾(zhong)紛紛趕會拜佛,熱鬧異常(chang)。現(xian)在(zai),這(zhe)種群眾(zhong)性的宗教活動逐漸(jian)成為兼具民族貿易和文娛活動的廟會,其他(ta)經(jing)事活動也有所簡化。
2006年05月25日,卻藏寺作為(wei)清代古建筑,被國務院批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)列入第(di)六(liu)批(pi)(pi)全國重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)名單。
始建與修復
卻(que)藏寺(si)由(you)一世卻(que)藏南杰班覺(1578一1651 )始建于清順(shun)治(zhi)六年(nian)(16 49)。清雍正元年(nian)因羅(luo)卜藏丹津事件被毀,以(yi)后重建。乾(qian)隆三十年(nian)(1765),清廷(ting)賜“廣教寺(si)”(亦云廣濟寺(si))匾(bian)額,許(xu)建九(jiu)龍壁1座,不久再(zai)賜“祥輪永護”匾(bian)額。清同治(zhi)年(nian)間(jian),再(zai)次毀于兵燹(xian)。
光緒十三(san)年(1887),五世卻藏羅桑圖登雪(xue)珠尼(ni)瑪(1859一1913)重建,僧侶(lv)人(ren)數曾(ceng)達270余人(ren)。1958年前,常住(zhu)寺僧150余人(ren),有大經堂(tang)、小(xiao)經堂(tang)和(he)千(qian)佛殿,并有卻藏、章嘉、賽赤、歸化、蓮花(hua)、丹(dan)斗、阿(a)群、麻(ma)干、夏日等(deng)活佛的拉讓(府邸)和(he)吉哇(wa)昂(ang),建筑宏偉。
全寺(si)設有(you)(you)(you)顯宗(zong)、時(shi)輪(lun)學院,采(cai)用哲蚌寺(si)郭莽扎倉教(jiao)程,下轄有(you)(you)(you)化隆縣的(de)(de)夏瓊寺(si)、湟源縣的(de)(de)扎藏寺(si)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)州貴德縣的(de)(de)白馬寺(si)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)州烏蘭(lan)(lan)縣的(de)(de)都(dou)(dou)蘭(lan)(lan)寺(si)和新(xin)疆焉耆縣哈拉沙(sha)的(de)(de)卻藏木(mu)寺(si)、和靖縣的(de)(de)夏日蘇(su)木(mu)寺(si)等眾多屬(shu)寺(si),在青(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省海(hai)(hai)(hai)東、海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)北藏、土、蒙(meng)古族中很有(you)(you)(you)影響。寺(si)院所在的(de)(de)南(nan)門(men)峽、海(hai)(hai)(hai)北門(men)源縣的(de)(de)黃城、蘇(su)吉灘(tan),剛察縣及海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)都(dou)(dou) 蘭(lan)(lan)等地的(de)(de)藏族、蒙(meng)古族、土族群眾為(wei)其主要信仰者。
寺主卻藏(zang)活佛,是(shi)清朝(chao)在青海(hai)宗教(jiao)界最(zui)早敕封的呼圖克圖之(zhi)一(yi)。其(qi)第一(yi)世南(nan)杰班覺(西(xi)藏(zang)堆垅人(ren),為(wei)哲蚌寺高僧),二世羅桑丹貝(bei)堅贊(1652一(yi)1723),三世阿旺圖登(deng)昂秀(xiu)(1725一(yi)1796),四世羅桑圖登(deng)熱吉(1797 一(yi)1858)五世羅桑圖登(deng)雪珠(zhu)卻吉尼瑪(1859一(yi)1913),六世羅桑丹貝(bei)昂秀(xiu)(1914年生,現(xian)任省(sheng)佛協副會長、佛學院(yuan)(yuan)副院(yuan)(yuan)長等(deng)職)。卻藏(zang)寺除卻藏(zang)昂和章嘉(jia)昂的一(yi)部分外,其(qi)他建(jian)筑于1958 年拆毀。1980年6月批準開放,現(xian)重(zhong)建(jian)經堂1座,僧舍24間。
近年(nian)又仿(fang)照原卻(que)藏拉(la)讓的4柱經堂(tang)重修千(qian)佛殿(覺(jue)康)該殿系磚木結構,分上下兩層,共(gong)42間,在青(qing)海(hai)東(dong)部新建諸寺(si)中堪與(yu)循化縣文(wen)都寺(si)大(da)經堂(tang)媲美。全寺(si)現有寺(si)僧29人(其中完德17人),由韓成列任寺(si)管(guan)會(hui)主任。