簡介
卻(que)藏寺(si)(si)(si),藏語稱“卻(que)藏具喜不變洲”,后易名“佛教宏揚洲”,位于青(qing)海省互(hu)助(zhu)土(tu)族自治縣城北約20公里(li)處(chu)(chu),在今南門(men)峽鎮政府所在的(de)本朗扎西(xi)灘(亦稱卻(que)藏灘)。卻(que)藏寺(si)(si)(si)座落在南門(men)水庫風景(jing)區3公里(li)處(chu)(chu),屬喇嘛(ma)(黃教)寺(si)(si)(si)院。寺(si)(si)(si)院東西(xi)兩山(shan)環保,從整個山(shan)勢看,右如盤龍繞(rao)臥,左似鳳凰展翅,前(qian)有(you)獅子山(shan)拱衛,山(shan)上(shang)松柏蒼翠(cui),寺(si)(si)(si)前(qian)良田千畝(mu),一(yi)片翠(cui)綠(lv)。乾(qian)隆三十年(公元1765年),清追賜“廣教寺(si)(si)(si)”匾牌(pai),其(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)宏偉,有(you)“到了卻(que)藏寺(si)(si)(si),北京則甭去(qu)”的(de)美稱。
寺(si)院東西有二山(shan)環抱,右如盤龍繞臥,左(zuo)似(si)鳳凰展翅,山(shan)上松(song)柏(bo)蒼翠,寺(si)前良田千畝,一片(pian)翠綠(lv)。
宗教活動
卻藏寺全(quan)年的主要經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)和(he)學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)活(huo)(huo)動有(you)(you)農(nong)歷(li)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉行的正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祈愿法會(hui)(hui)。其間,初(chu)(chu)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)曬佛、跳欠活(huo)(huo)動,十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)展出酥油花。二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)春季學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)期(qi)(qi),舉行辯(bian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)活(huo)(huo)動。二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)時輪金(jin)剛(gang)(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)(hui)。其間,初(chu)(chu)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)和(he)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)分別稱“薩嘎”、“喬嘎” ,為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大威德金(jin)剛(gang)(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)(hui),會(hui)(hui)上有(you)(you)開光、護摩活(huo)(huo)動。四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)夏季學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)期(qi)(qi)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)集(ji)密金(jin)剛(gang)(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)(hui)。六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉行六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祈愿法會(hui)(hui)。其間,初(chu)(chu)三(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)辯(bian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)考試,初(chu)(chu)四(si)(si)和(he)初(chu)(chu)八兩日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)會(hui)(hui),內(nei)容同正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)住夏學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)勝(sheng)樂金(jin)剛(gang)(gang)修供(gong)會(hui)(hui)。九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)秋季學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)期(qi)(qi),其間有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)7天(tian)的法王鐵城修供(gong)活(huo)(huo)動。
十(shi)(shi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)至月(yue)底為五供節誦經會(hui)。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)全月(yue)為冬(dong)季學經期。臘月(yue),由(you)28僧做酥油花14天,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般有5個花架,于正月(yue)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)在千佛殿前展出。屆時周圍(wei)及湟(huang)(huang)源、湟(huang)(huang)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶群(qun)眾紛紛趕會(hui)拜佛,熱鬧異常。現(xian)在,這種群(qun)眾性的宗(zong)教活動逐漸成為兼具(ju)民族(zu)貿易和文娛活動的廟(miao)會(hui),其(qi)他經事活動也有所簡化。
2006年(nian)05月25日,卻藏寺作為(wei)清代古建筑,被國務院(yuan)批準列入第六批全國重點(dian)文物保護單位名單。
始建與修復
卻藏(zang)寺由一(yi)世卻藏(zang)南杰班覺(jue)(1578一(yi)1651 )始建(jian)于清(qing)(qing)順治六年(nian)(16 49)。清(qing)(qing)雍正元年(nian)因羅(luo)卜藏(zang)丹津事件被毀,以后重建(jian)。乾(qian)隆三十(shi)年(nian)(1765),清(qing)(qing)廷賜“廣教寺”(亦(yi)云廣濟寺)匾(bian)額,許建(jian)九龍壁(bi)1座,不久再(zai)賜“祥輪永護”匾(bian)額。清(qing)(qing)同(tong)治年(nian)間,再(zai)次毀于兵燹。
光緒十三(san)年(1887),五世卻藏羅桑圖(tu)登(deng)雪珠尼(ni)瑪(1859一(yi)1913)重建,僧(seng)侶人(ren)(ren)數曾達270余(yu)人(ren)(ren)。1958年前,常(chang)住寺僧(seng)150余(yu)人(ren)(ren),有大經(jing)堂、小經(jing)堂和千佛(fo)殿,并有卻藏、章(zhang)嘉、賽(sai)赤、歸化、蓮花、丹斗、阿群、麻干、夏日等活(huo)佛(fo)的拉(la)讓(府(fu)邸)和吉哇昂,建筑宏偉(wei)。
全寺(si)(si)(si)設(she)有顯宗、時輪學院,采用哲蚌寺(si)(si)(si)郭莽(mang)扎倉教程(cheng),下轄(xia)有化(hua)隆(long)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)夏(xia)瓊寺(si)(si)(si)、湟源縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)扎藏寺(si)(si)(si)、海南州貴德縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)白(bai)馬寺(si)(si)(si)、海西州烏蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)都(dou)蘭(lan)寺(si)(si)(si)和新疆焉(yan)耆縣(xian)(xian)哈拉(la)沙的(de)(de)卻藏木寺(si)(si)(si)、和靖縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)夏(xia)日蘇木寺(si)(si)(si)等眾多屬寺(si)(si)(si),在青海省(sheng)海東、海西、海北藏、土(tu)、蒙(meng)古族(zu)中很有影響(xiang)。寺(si)(si)(si)院所在的(de)(de)南門峽、海北門源縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)黃城、蘇吉灘,剛察縣(xian)(xian)及(ji)海西都(dou) 蘭(lan)等地(di)的(de)(de)藏族(zu)、蒙(meng)古族(zu)、土(tu)族(zu)群眾為其主要(yao)信仰者。
寺(si)主(zhu)卻(que)(que)(que)藏(zang)活佛(fo),是(shi)清朝(chao)在青海(hai)宗教界最早敕封的(de)呼圖克圖之一(yi)(yi)。其第一(yi)(yi)世(shi)南杰班(ban)覺(西藏(zang)堆垅人,為哲蚌寺(si)高僧(seng)),二(er)世(shi)羅(luo)桑(sang)(sang)丹貝堅贊(1652一(yi)(yi)1723),三世(shi)阿旺(wang)圖登(deng)昂秀(xiu)(1725一(yi)(yi)1796),四世(shi)羅(luo)桑(sang)(sang)圖登(deng)熱吉(1797 一(yi)(yi)1858)五(wu)世(shi)羅(luo)桑(sang)(sang)圖登(deng)雪珠卻(que)(que)(que)吉尼瑪(1859一(yi)(yi)1913),六(liu)世(shi)羅(luo)桑(sang)(sang)丹貝昂秀(xiu)(1914年(nian)生(sheng),現任(ren)省佛(fo)協副(fu)會(hui)長(chang)、佛(fo)學(xue)院(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)長(chang)等(deng)職)。卻(que)(que)(que)藏(zang)寺(si)除卻(que)(que)(que)藏(zang)昂和章(zhang)嘉(jia)昂的(de)一(yi)(yi)部分外,其他建(jian)筑于(yu)1958 年(nian)拆毀。1980年(nian)6月(yue)批準開放,現重建(jian)經堂1座,僧(seng)舍24間。
近(jin)年又仿照原卻藏拉(la)讓的(de)4柱經(jing)堂(tang)重修千佛殿(覺康)該殿系磚(zhuan)木結構,分上下(xia)兩層,共42間,在(zai)青(qing)海東(dong)部(bu)新建諸寺(si)中堪與循化縣文都(dou)寺(si)大經(jing)堂(tang)媲美。全寺(si)現有(you)寺(si)僧29人(其中完德17人),由(you)韓成(cheng)列任(ren)寺(si)管(guan)會主任(ren)。