筆管魚生(sheng)活在淺海,兇(xiong)猛肉食性,以小(xiao)蝦、小(xiao)魚為食,主(zhu)要分布(bu)在渤(bo)海、黃(huang)海,大連(lian)地區盛(sheng)產。
筆管(guan)魚身體呈圓錐形(xing),型較小,最長不超過(guo)15厘米,身體(ti)左右(you)對稱,胴(dong)長為胴(dong)寬的4倍。頭部兩側(ce)的眼(yan)眶較大,眼(yan)睛外(wai)側(ce)具(ju)假角膜(mo),僅以很小的淚孔(kong)與(yu)外(wai)界相通。頭前和口周(zhou)具(ju)10只腕,其中4對較(jiao)短,腕上(shang)具兩行吸(xi)盤,另1對腕較(jiao)長(chang),為(wei)觸腕,頂部(bu)為(wei)觸腕穗,穗上(shang)具4行吸盤。肉鰭(qi)長大,超過胴長的1/2,后部內(nei)彎,端鰭(qi)形(xing),兩(liang)鰭(qi)相接呈縱(zong)菱形(xing)。體表具大小相間近似圓形(xing)的色素斑。內(nei)殼角質,透(tou)明,披(pi)針葉(xie)形(xing),后部略狹(xia)。體內(nei)具墨囊。
筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)是(shi)雌雄(xiong)同(tong)體的,也就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的身(shen)上有(you)雌雄(xiong)兩(liang)種性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。它的交(jiao)(jiao)尾方式很特別(bie):如果(guo)僅有(you)兩(liang)只(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)相遇,其中一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的雌性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)配,間隔一(yi)(yi)段時期(qi),彼此交(jiao)(jiao)換性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)再進行交(jiao)(jiao)配。可是(shi)這(zhe)種情況并不常(chang)見(jian),通常(chang)總是(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)甚至十(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)聯(lian)體、成(cheng)串地交(jiao)(jiao)合(he):最前(qian)的第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的雌性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)第(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)合(he),而第(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)筆(bi)(bi)管(guan)魚(yu)(yu)的雌性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)又與(yu)第(di)(di)三個(ge)(ge)的雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)合(he),如此一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)挨著一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)與(yu)一(yi)(yi)前(qian)后不同(tong)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)合(he)。它們(men)交(jiao)(jiao)合(he)常(chang)常(chang)持(chi)續數小時,甚至數天之(zhi)久。
筆管魚(yu)中(zhong)粗蛋白含量9.29%,粗脂肪(fang)含量1.43%,水分含量(liang)85.82%,灰分含(han)量1.79%;18種氨基酸占(zhan)總干重的55.09%,8種必需氨基酸(suan)占(zhan)氨基酸(suan)總量的(de)44.46%,必需氨基(ji)酸與非必需氨基(ji)酸比值0.80;多不飽和脂肪酸二(er)十二(er)碳六烯酸DHA、二十碳五烯酸EPA、二十碳(tan)四烯酸ARA及十八碳二烯酸(suan)LA之和占總脂肪酸含量的24.94%;富含(han)無機元素鎂,磷,鈣,鋅。蛋白(bai)質含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao),必需(xu)氨基酸含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)豐富,粗脂肪含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)低,是營(ying)養價值(zhi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)一種海產(chan)品(pin)。