寺院簡史
饒(rao)益(yi)寺坐落于射洪柳樹鎮西南二里的(de)通濟山(shan)中,建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)統(tong)八(1443)。清(qing)(qing)光緒六年(nian)(1880)進行較大(da)培(pei)修擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。 該寺坐西向東,寺前為(wei)山(shan)門,次第為(wei)彌勒(le)佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian),大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian),藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)(lou),觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian),右(you)有(you)廂房,左有(you)戒堂,呈四合院(yuan)布置。大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)統(tong)八年(nian)(1443),為(wei)明(ming)(ming)代木結構建(jian)(jian)筑,抬梁(liang)式梁(liang)架(jia),脊(ji)為(wei)鏤空花磚建(jian)(jian)造,二龍(long)纏(chan)繞,龍(long)身鑲(xiang)嵌瓷片。藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)(lou)主樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)萬歷二十(shi)六年(nian)(1599),右(you)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)清(qing)(qing)光緒七年(nian)(1882)建(jian)(jian),現有(you)清(qing)(qing)代壁畫31幅,水(shui)墨(mo)淡彩,繪佛經(jing)故(gu)(gu)事及少量民(min)間故(gu)(gu)事。人物傳神,帶有(you)濃郁的(de)民(min)間風(feng)味。該寺布局(ju)合理,結構嚴謹,線條明(ming)(ming)快,斗拱古(gu)樸(pu)大(da)方(fang),脊(ji)飾壯(zhuang)觀。
建筑特色
由射洪市城南下20公里,便是(shi)中(zhong)國名酒沱牌曲(qu)酒的(de)總部所在地柳樹鎮。鎮南通濟山半山腰上,綠(lv)蔭(yin)掩映中(zhong),一大(da)片殿、閣、樓、坊等(deng)古建筑若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現,朝暉夕陰,紅墻(qiang)碧瓦,古意盎然,這便是(shi)川(chuan)中(zhong)著名的(de)開放寺廟,禪林勝地饒益寺。
出柳(liu)(liu)樹鎮,從通濟山麓沿數百級石(shi)階而上(shang),有高六米的四(si)層(ceng)青石(shi)字庫,原有龍紋磚砌牌(pai)坊(fang),牌(pai)坊(fang)兩側(ce)有對(dui)聯:“彼岸向北流(liu),有白鶴玉珠,左輝右映(ying);斯山即(ji)西(xi)(xi)土(tu),共(gong)青堤榆(yu)柳(liu)(liu),日新(xin)月異”。西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)側(ce)門上(shang)有“龍盤”、“虎踞”二字,字體(ti)遒勁,為(wei)宋(song)代名人手書,牌(pai)坊(fang)圖案文飾皆(jie)極精美,特別是龍形花(hua)紋,云霧纏(chan)繞,曲繞盤桓,飛動流(liu)暢,堪(kan)稱絕品。可惜此(ci)難得之物竟在文革中被毀。
從(cong)牌坊上行(xing)20米,為(wei)一石(shi)(shi)砌月(yue)臺,月(yue)臺前(qian)圍以青石(shi)(shi)雕花欄(lan)桿,左(zuo)右各(ge)一株榕樹(shu)(shu),蔭(yin)翳蔽日(ri),夏日(ri)涼爽異常。榕樹(shu)(shu)后面(mian)便(bian)是大山門,門前(qian)原有乾隆年(nian)間雕刻的古(gu)石(shi)(shi)獅二只,已被(bei)毀。山門上左(zuo)右各(ge)有行(xing)書(shu)木匾一道,曰“是禪(chan)林”、“金栗(li)林”,字體恬淡雍容,筋(jin)骨內涵,傳為(wei)明代(dai)書(shu)畫家董其昌手筆(bi)。山門飛(fei)桅翹角,備(bei)極精巧。
從大(da)山門進(jin)入,曾(ceng)有(you)天(tian)王殿,有(you)木(mu)匾對聯一副:彌勒佛笑眾生,何日得了;釋迦尊悲群迷,幾時才休。天(tian)王殿左右(you)各有(you)走樓(lou),走樓(lou)外有(you)鐘鼓樓(lou),有(you)大(da)鐘高(gao)約四米(mi),重二噸多(duo),鐘面文字甚多(duo),當年饒益寺鼎盛時期,清悅的鐘聲柳樹(shu)全壩皆聞(wen)。
天(tian)王殿(dian)再前(qian)行是(shi)一(yi)個院(yuan)(yuan)壩(ba),院(yuan)(yuan)壩(ba)后面(mian),便(bian)是(shi)饒益寺(si)的(de)主體建(jian)筑(zhu)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)。大(da)殿(dian)面(mian)闊三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),單(dan)檐九(jiu)檁歇山,檐下(xia)施七踩單(dan)翹重昂斗(dou)栱(gong)。構架為(wei)抬梁(liang)式(shi)結構,明間(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)金柱間(jian)(jian)(jian)屋(wu)(wu)內額下(xia)有(you)“維大(da)明正統(tong)八年歲次(ci)癸亥(hai)……”墨(mo)書題(ti)記,與(yu)清嘉慶二十四年所(suo)修《射洪(hong)市(shi)志(zhi)》記載的(de)建(jian)造(zao)年代(dai)吻合。檐下(xia)斗(dou)栱(gong)有(you)角科4攢(zan)(zan)(zan),柱頭科8攢(zan)(zan)(zan),前(qian)檐明間(jian)(jian)(jian)平身科4攢(zan)(zan)(zan),后檐明間(jian)(jian)(jian)平身科3攢(zan)(zan)(zan),兩山中進平身科各2攢(zan)(zan)(zan),次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)平身科各1攢(zan)(zan)(zan),外檐斗(dou)栱(gong)共31攢(zan)(zan)(zan)。殿(dian)內裝有(you)現代(dai)添加的(de)天(tian)花板,五架隨梁(liang)以(yi)上情況(kuang)不明。屋(wu)(wu)脊(ji)為(wei)磚胎灰塑脊(ji),中堆為(wei)五層寶珠,二龍繞圍屋(wu)(wu)脊(ji),中堆和(he)龍采用嵌瓷工(gong)藝。殿(dian)內有(you)佛(fo)像三(san)尊,左右排列十八羅漢,兩壁原有(you)壁畫,人物(wu)高達兩米,可惜毀于十年浩(hao)劫。饒益寺(si)大(da)殿(dian)是(shi)射洪(hong)市(shi)為(wei)數不多(duo)的(de)明代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi),具有(you)重要的(de)歷史、藝術價值(zhi)。大(da)殿(dian)右側(ce),有(you)殘碑一(yi)塊,記載了饒益寺(si)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)沿革和(he)興(xing)廢經(jing)過(guo)。
大(da)雄寶(bao)殿后面為玉(yu)皇(huang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為明萬(wan)歷二十六年所建,全樓(lou)(lou)(lou)占地200平(ping)方米,原(yuan)有(you)(you)壁畫68幅(fu),內容多取材于《封(feng)神榜(bang)》,文(wen)革(ge)中部分(fen)(fen)被(bei)毀(hui),現(xian)存有(you)(you)37幅(fu);樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)所有(you)(you)抬梁枋均著彩(cai)色花紋(wen)圖案,十分(fen)(fen)精美。
玉(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)右側又有觀音(yin)殿(dian),占(zhan)地亦為200平(ping)方米,屋脊中間聳立著一(yi)塊鏤空七層陶(tao)磚牌坊,高180厘米,兩(liang)龍背上騎(qi)坐陶(tao)塑像四(si)個,較大佛(fo)殿(dian)制作更為精美。觀音(yin)殿(dian)前(qian)天井內,有桂樹兩(liang)株,樹齡已近百年(nian)。