鬼(gui)姓(xing)是(shi)中國姓(xing)氏(shi)之一,鬼(gui)也(ye)作傀、隗,古音讀作wěi,但(dan)不可讀作guǐ。得姓(xing)始祖是(shi)鬼(gui)臾區。鬼(gui)姓(xing)是(shi)一個(ge)多(duo)淵源多(duo)民(min)族的姓(xing)氏(shi),但(dan)現在已經少有人姓(xing)。分布未知。
鬼姓源出有:
源(yuan)(yuan)自夏代通靈師(shi),這可(ke)以(yi)在《姓氏考略(lve)》得到印證。此(ci)(ci)淵(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)姓氏特點有(you)(you)3處(chu)(chu)(chu),一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)臂有(you)(you)黑痣(zhi)。另一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)耳后(hou)(hou)側有(you)(you)痣(zhi)。最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)脖子后(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)痣(zhi)。三處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)就此(ci)(ci)淵(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)占卜祭(ji)祀相關,所(suo)以(yi)隨著佛道盛行,中國本(ben)土(tu)的原始(shi)宗(zong)教沒(mei)落和被(bei)打擊,清代以(yi)后(hou)(hou)此(ci)(ci)淵(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)的后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)大部分(fen)都流散到異國他鄉。此(ci)(ci)淵(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)姓氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)古代祭(ji)祀人員所(suo)以(yi)遵(zun)從原始(shi)薩(sa)滿教,除非祭(ji)祀禁忌宰殺(sha)食(shi)用蛇、猴、穿山甲、野鳥飛禽,禁忌佩(pei)戴象牙、犀角,以(yi)羽毫石(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)族守(shou)護(hu)石(shi)。
源于(yu)姜姓,出自炎(yan)帝(di)衍支鬼(gui)(gui)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu),屬(shu)于(yu)以氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)為氏(shi)(shi)。“鬼(gui)(gui)”字的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)義(yi),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)精靈(ling)。實際上,古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)認為“鬼(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死后的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)氣(qi),可以為神(shen)祉,可佑后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)“鬼(gui)(gui)”,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)母親死后的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺留形象,是(shi)(shi)母系氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)社會(hui)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)支撐文化之(zhi)一(yi),后來,逐漸延伸為對所有(you)死去(qu)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)靈(ling)魂的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂。因(yin)此,“鬼(gui)(gui)”與非人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)族(zu)(zu)所形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)“怪”決然(ran)不同。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對“鬼(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)崇敬祀奉,因(yin)“鬼(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)逝母,何(he)懼之(zhi)有(you)?人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)所懼怕(pa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并不是(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)(gui),而(er)是(shi)(shi)不知(zhi)為何(he)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)“怪”。后來,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)將農(nong)歷7月半(ban)定為“盂蘭盆節”,舉族(zu)(zu)祀奉悼念(nian)逝去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家族(zu)(zu)親人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“鬼(gui)(gui)節”,屆(jie)時人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)沿河(he)放(fang)燈,映河(he)緩去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)如星燈火,寄(ji)托了在(zai)世(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情思,照亮不知(zhi)身在(zai)何(he)處、但一(yi)定會(hui)通橋轉(zhuan)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)“奈何(he)橋”的(de)(de)(de)(de)逝人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。進入父系氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)社會(hui)后,“鬼(gui)(gui)”逐漸演變(bian)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)族(zu)(zu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng),典型代(dai)表就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)象征(zheng)炎(yan)帝(di)衍支的(de)(de)(de)(de)鬼(gui)(gui)氏(shi)(shi)部族(zu)(zu),在(zai)史籍(ji)《古(gu)(gu)今人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)表》中所記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu),都是(shi)(shi)該部族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物。鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu),一(yi)作鬼(gui)(gui)容(rong)區(qu),是(shi)(shi)傳說中的(de)(de)(de)(de)上古(gu)(gu)醫家,黃帝(di)之(zhi)臣,他擅于(yu)五行(xing)之(zhi)說。唐朝學者王冰住在(zai)《素(su)問》中就(jiu)黃帝(di)問于(yu)鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)所答“臣積考太(tai)始天元冊(ce)文曰”時指出:“鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖始誦而(er)行(xing)之(zhi),此太(tai)古(gu)(gu)占候(hou)靈(ling)文,洎(ji)乎伏義(yi)之(zhi)時,巳(si)鐫(juan)諸(zhu)王版,命曰冊(ce)文。”由此可知(zhi)確有(you)鬼(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),本書認為,此當系神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)后相傳十(shi)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)世(shi)(shi)醫。
鬼臾區的(de)后(hou)裔子孫,就以(yi)其先祖所出(chu)部落名稱為姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),稱鬼氏(shi)(shi),是非常古早且神圣的(de)行姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)之一,正(zheng)確(que)的(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)讀音作(zuo)wěi(ㄨㄟˇ)。
源(yuan)于(yu)鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),出(chu)自商(shang)(shang)、周時(shi)期居于(yu)西北方(fang)(fang)戎狄(di)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),屬于(yu)以(yi)(yi)部(bu)族名稱(cheng)為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang),是(shi)商(shang)(shang)、周時(shi)期居于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西北方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)少(shao)數民族,其活動載(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)《汲冢(zhong)周書》、《易經》、《山海經》、《古本竹書紀年》、《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)·殷本紀》和(he)出(chu)土的(de)(de)《小盂(yu)鼎(ding)》及商(shang)(shang)周甲(jia)骨卜辭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。漠南(nan)(nan)(nan)地區多(duo)次發生(sheng)討伐(fa)鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)大規模戰爭,甲(jia)骨卜辭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)易”的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai),即鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族向(xiang)遠方(fang)(fang)遷徙(xi)走(zou)了。據(ju)史(shi)料記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai),當時(shi)居于(yu)匈奴以(yi)(yi)北和(he)康居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(今巴爾喀什湖和(he)咸海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,東(dong)至烏(wu)孫,西達奄蔡,南(nan)(nan)(nan)接大月氏(shi)(shi)(shi),東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)臨大宛)。春(chun)秋時(shi)期,漢(han)史(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)稱(cheng)這一族人作“鬼(gui)方(fang)(fang)”。其后,在(zai)(zai)(zai)秦、漢(han)時(shi)期又(you)以(yi)(yi)“丁(ding)(ding)零”的(de)(de)名字(zi)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。丁(ding)(ding)零,在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《山海經》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作“釘靈”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《史(shi)記(ji)(ji)·匈奴列傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作“丁(ding)(ding)靈”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《漢(han)書·蘇武(wu)傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作“丁(ding)(ding)零,在(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《魏略·西戎傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作“丁(ding)(ding)令”。兩(liang)漢(han)時(shi)期,丁(ding)(ding)零族南(nan)(nan)(nan)遷蒙古高(gao)原,史(shi)稱(cheng)狄(di)歷(li)、敕勒(le)或鐵勒(le)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)后來史(shi)書記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)高(gao)車六部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),狄(di)歷(li)為(wei)其一,且為(wei)六部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)。其他五部(bu)分別為(wei)袁紇部(bu)、斛(hu)律氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、解批(pi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、護骨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、異奇斤氏(shi)(shi)(shi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)袁紇部(bu)是(shi)歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)最早(zao)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)“回(hui)紇民族”漢(han)文譯名。
二(er)十世(shi)紀八十年代(dai)以來,經中(zhong)國、前(qian)蘇聯(lian)、蒙古(gu)等(deng)國考古(gu)工作者的(de)發(fa)掘與(yu)研究(jiu),證明了(le)鬼(gui)方氏(shi)族(zu)(zu)人后來遷徙到了(le)南西(xi)伯(bo)利亞,分布于東起貝加爾(er)湖,西(xi)至巴(ba)爾(er)喀(ka)什(shen)湖一帶地(di)區,世(shi)人稱(cheng)之族(zu)(zu)人為鬼(gui)氏(shi),正確的(de)姓氏(shi)讀音亦作kuí(ㄎㄨㄟˊ)。
鬼[傀(kui)、隗(wei),讀音作wěi(ㄨㄟˇ),亦可(ke)讀作kuí(ㄎㄨㄟˊ),就是不可(ke)讀作guǐ(ㄍㄨㄟˇ)]
殷諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。《禮記·明堂位》:“昔(xi)殷紂(zhou)亂天下,脯鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)以饗(xiang)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。”《戰國策·趙策三》:“昔(xi)者鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)、鄂(e)侯(hou)(hou)、文(wen)王,紂(zhou)之(zhi)三公也。鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)有子而好,故入之(zhi)於紂(zhou)。以為惡,醢鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)。”按《史(shi)記·殷本紀》作“九侯(hou)(hou)”。
鬼(gui)臾(yu)區(qu)(qu)(生卒年(nian)待考),亦名鬼(gui)容區(qu)(qu),號(hao)大鴻。著名黃帝之臣,五行醫學(xue)創始人(ren),傳說中(zhong)的(de)上(shang)古(gu)醫家,他擅(shan)于(yu)(yu)五行之說,為(wei)(wei)神(shen)農氏后相(xiang)傳十世之世醫。鬼(gui)臾(yu)區(qu)(qu)曾(ceng)佐黃帝發明五行,詳論脈(mo)經,于(yu)(yu)難經究(jiu)盡(jin)其義理,以(yi)為(wei)(wei)經論。鬼(gui)臾(yu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)后裔子孫,就以(yi)其先祖(zu)所(suo)出部(bu)落名稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)氏,稱(cheng)鬼(gui)氏。鬼(gui)氏族人(ren)皆奉鬼(gui)臾(yu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)得姓(xing)始祖(zu)。