大(da)(da)石花菜是亞熱帶性海(hai)藻,是北太(tai)平洋西部的(de)特(te)有種,國(guo)內(nei)主(zhu)產于嵊山、普陀山、漁山、南麂、大(da)(da)漁,喜歡生長(chang)在(zai)水質清凈、潮(chao)流通暢、鹽度較高的(de)海(hai)域,生長(chang)在(zai)外海(hai)島嶼干潮(chao)線以(yi)下巖礁上,為多年生海(hai)藻。
大石花(hua)菜藻體(ti)暗紫紅(hong)色,軟骨質,高12~18厘米,分枝3~4次,較(jiao)長(chang),對生(sheng)(sheng)或互生(sheng)(sheng),呈(cheng)復羽狀小(xiao)枝(zhi),囊果著生(sheng)(sheng)在分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)頂(ding)端(duan)(duan),它的(de)(de)每一個分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)頂(ding)端(duan)(duan),都有(you)一個頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)。稾體分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)就是通過頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)裂并分(fen)(fen)化而進行的(de)(de)。頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)首先分(fen)(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)中軸絲細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao),同時在頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)后的(de)(de)一二個細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao),它們(men)經過分(fen)(fen)裂而產生(sheng)(sheng)4個(ge)圍(wei)軸細胞。這(zhe)些圍(wei)軸細胞呈四方形(xing)排列在母細胞周圍(wei),并(bing)經(jing)過不(bu)斷分(fen)裂和分(fen)化形(xing)成(cheng)皮層及髓部組織(zhi),藻體基部的皮層再分(fen)裂形(xing)成(cheng)假根,假根絲(si)平行(xing)于中軸絲(si)。
大石花菜(cai)的(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)有性生(sheng)殖(zhi)和無性繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)兩(liang)種,有性生(sheng)殖(zhi)是通過雌雄配子體成熟后(hou),果(guo)胞受精形(xing)(xing)成果(guo)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子體,果(guo)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子體成熟后(hou)產生(sheng)果(guo)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子而進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de);無性繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)則(ze)是通過四分(fen)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子體產生(sheng)四分(fen)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子而進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)。這兩(liang)種繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)最(zui)終(zhong)都是以孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de),故稱為(wei)(wei)孢(bao)(bao)(bao)子繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi),此外,石花菜(cai)還可以進(jin)行(xing)特殊的(de)(de)營養繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi),分(fen)為(wei)(wei)匍(pu)匐枝繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)、假根繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)和藻體再生(sheng)3種形式。