UPS電源系統

UPS電(dian)源系統(tong)由4部分(fen)組成(cheng)：整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)、變換和開關控(kong)制。其系統(tong)的(de)穩壓(ya)功能(neng)(neng)通常是由整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)完成(cheng)的(de)，整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)件采用可(ke)控(kong)硅或高(gao)頻開關整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)，本身(shen)具有可(ke)根據外電(dian)的(de)變化控(kong)制輸(shu)出幅(fu)度的(de)功能(neng)(neng)，從而當外電(dian)發生變化時(shi)（該(gai)變化應滿(man)足(zu)系統(tong)要求），輸(shu)出幅(fu)度基本不變的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)。

凈化功能由儲(chu)能電(dian)池來完成(cheng)，由于整流(liu)器對瞬時脈(mo)沖(chong)干擾不能消除，整流(liu)后的(de)電(dian)壓仍(reng)存(cun)在干擾脈(mo)沖(chong)。儲(chu)能電(dian)池除可(ke)存(cun)儲(chu)直(zhi)流(liu)直(zhi)能的(de)功能外，對整流(liu)器來說就像接了一(yi)只大(da)容(rong)器電(dian)容(rong)器，其等效電(dian)容(rong)量的(de)大(da)小，與(yu)儲(chu)能電(dian)池容(rong)量大(da)小成(cheng)正(zheng)比。

由(you)于電(dian)容兩端(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓是不能突變(bian)的(de)(de)，即利用了電(dian)容器(qi)對脈沖的(de)(de)平滑特(te)性消除(chu)了脈沖干擾，起(qi)到了凈(jing)化功能，也(ye)稱(cheng)對干擾的(de)(de)屏蔽。頻率(lv)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)則由(you)變(bian)換器(qi)來(lai)完(wan)成，頻率(lv)穩(wen)定(ding)度取決于變(bian)換器(qi)的(de)(de)振蕩頻率(lv)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)程度。為方便UPS電(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)日(ri)常(chang)操(cao)作與(yu)維護，設計了系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)作開(kai)(kai)關，主機自(zi)檢故障后(hou)的(de)(de)自(zi)動旁路開(kai)(kai)關，檢修旁路開(kai)(kai)關等開(kai)(kai)關控制。

在電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓工(gong)作正常時(shi)，給(gei)(gei)負載(zai)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，而且(qie)，同(tong)時(shi)給(gei)(gei)儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)；當(dang)突發(fa)停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，UPS電(dian)(dian)源開始工(gong)作，由儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)工(gong)給(gei)(gei)負載(zai)所需電(dian)(dian)源，維(wei)持正常的生產(chan)；當(dang)由于生產(chan)需要，負載(zai)嚴(yan)重過載(zai)時(shi)，由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)壓經(jing)整流直接給(gei)(gei)負載(zai)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

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UPS電源工作原理

1、AC-DC變換：將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)來的交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)經自耦(ou)變(bian)壓(ya)器降壓(ya)、全波整流(liu)、濾(lv)波變(bian)為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，供給逆變(bian)電(dian)(dian)路。AC-DC輸入有軟(ruan)啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路，可避(bi)免開機時對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的沖擊(ji)。

2、DC-AC逆變電路：采用大功(gong)率IGBT模塊(kuai)全(quan)橋(qiao)逆(ni)變(bian)電路(lu)，具有很大的功(gong)率富余量，在輸(shu)出動態范圍內輸(shu)出阻抗特(te)別小，具有快(kuai)速響(xiang)應特(te)性。由于采用高(gao)頻(pin)調制限流技術，及快(kuai)速短(duan)路(lu)保護技術，使逆(ni)變(bian)器無論是(shi)供電電壓瞬變(bian)還(huan)是(shi)負載沖擊或短(duan)路(lu)，均可安全(quan)可靠(kao)地工作。

3、控制驅動：控(kong)制(zhi)驅動(dong)是完(wan)成整機(ji)功能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)核心，它除了提供檢(jian)測、保護、同步以及各種開(kai)關和顯示驅動(dong)信(xin)號外，還完(wan)成SPWM正弦脈寬(kuan)調制(zhi)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，由于采用靜(jing)態(tai)和動(dong)態(tai)雙(shuang)重電壓(ya)反饋(kui)。極大地改善了逆變(bian)器的(de)動(dong)態(tai)特(te)性和穩定(ding)性。

UPS電源工作過程

當(dang)(dang)(dang)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常380Vac時(shi)，直流(liu)主回路(lu)有直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，供(gong)給DC-AC交流(liu)逆變(bian)器，輸出(chu)穩定的220Vac交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，同時(shi)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)任何時(shi)候市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)欠(qian)壓或(huo)突然掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則(ze)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組通過(guo)隔離二極管開關向直流(liu)回路(lu)饋(kui)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沒(mei)有切換時(shi)間。當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能量即將耗盡(jin)時(shi)，不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發出(chu)聲(sheng)光(guang)報警，并(bing)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下限點停止逆變(bian)器工作，長鳴告警。

不間斷(duan)電(dian)源還有過(guo)載(zai)保護功(gong)能，當發(fa)(fa)生超(chao)載(zai)（150%負(fu)載(zai)）時(shi)(shi)(shi)，跳(tiao)(tiao)到(dao)旁(pang)路(lu)狀態(tai)，并在負(fu)載(zai)正常時(shi)(shi)(shi)自動返回。當發(fa)(fa)生嚴重(zhong)超(chao)載(zai)（超(chao)過(guo)200%額(e)定負(fu)載(zai)）時(shi)(shi)(shi)，不間斷(duan)電(dian)源立即停止逆變器輸出并跳(tiao)(tiao)到(dao)旁(pang)路(lu)狀態(tai)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)面(mian)空(kong)氣(qi)開(kai)關也可(ke)能跳(tiao)(tiao)閘。消除故障后(hou)，只(zhi)要合上(shang)開(kai)關，重(zhong)新開(kai)機(ji)即開(kai)始(shi)恢復工(gong)作。為使不間斷(duan)電(dian)源充分工(gong)作，避(bi)免在過(guo)載(zai)或欠(qian)載(zai)下(xia)運行，電(dian)源在開(kai)機(ji)前(qian)，首先計(ji)算(suan)負(fu)載(zai)容量(liang)。FR-UK型不間斷(duan)電(dian)源（標(biao)稱額(e)定功(gong)率）80%的(de)阻(zu)性負(fu)載(zai)設計(ji)負(fu)載(zai)能力，一般帶計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)負(fu)載(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)承(cheng)受的(de)按下(xia)式(shi)估算(suan)：

∑i=1 n Pi≤P

其中P為(wei)(wei)不間斷電源(yuan)輸出(chu)容量（VA），P為(wei)(wei)第i個負(fu)載(zai)伏安數

每套PLC功率： 220V*0.5=110VA

每臺操作站功率： 220V*2A=440VA

IBM PC客戶機及服務器：220V*1.5A=330VA

則總(zong)功率：10*110VA+4*440VA+11*330VA=6?90VA

6?90VA/0.8=8112VA

因此(ci)，在這條棒材生產線上，采(cai)用10KVA的不間斷電源比較合適。