安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備是視頻(pin)監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用到的(de)，但是不是都要(yao)出現在一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，根據監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)規模可能只(zhi)采用其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)部分監控(kong)設備。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)型(xing)(xing)、針孔型(xing)(xing)、標(biao)準(zhun)槍(qiang)式、一體化(hua)型(xing)(xing)、工業型(xing)(xing)等）

攝(she)像(xiang)機鏡頭（定焦、手(shou)動變焦、自動光圈、電動變焦等(deng)）

攝像機(ji)防(fang)護罩(zhao)（普通槍型(xing)、球型(xing)、半(ban)球型(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等）

攝像(xiang)機云(yun)臺（普通型(xing)、球型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防(fang)水防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬向云(yun)臺等(deng)）

解碼器-------室外、室內、普(pu)通、防爆(bao)、內置等(deng)

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣(qi)體、激光(guang)等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號(hao)轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像(xiang)機

嵌入式錄像機

普通模擬長延(yan)時錄像機

數字(zi)矩陣（軟件＋解(jie)碼卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉(zhuan)485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視(shi)器(qi)

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監(jian)視器(qi)

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電(dian)源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管(guan)

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)，根據系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)部分(fen)功能(neng)的不同，我們將整個安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)劃分(fen)為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現(xian)層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)、傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由(you)于設(she)備(bei)集成化越來越高，對于部分(fen)系(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，某些設(she)備(bei)可能(neng)會同時(shi)以多(duo)個層(ceng)(ceng)的身份存在于系(xi)統(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現城是我們最直(zhi)觀(guan)感受到的，它展現了(le)整個安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)的品質(zhi)。如監(jian)控(kong)電視(shi)墻、監(jian)視(shi)器、高音報警(jing)喇叭、報警(jing)自動駁(bo)接電話等等都(dou)屬(shu)于這一層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是整(zheng)個安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心，它是系(xi)(xi)統(tong)科技(ji)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最明確體現。通常我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)——模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩(ju)陣構成(cheng)，適用于小(xiao)型(xing)局部安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這種(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)低，故障率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)。但對于中大(da)(da)型(xing)安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)就顯得操(cao)作復雜且無任何價格優(you)勢了(le)，這時我(wo)們更為(wei)明智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇應該是數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)作為(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它將復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變(bian)(bian)為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鼠標(biao)點擊操(cao)作，將巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮小(xiao)為(wei)一(yi)個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)(ji)，將復雜而(er)數量龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變(bian)(bian)為(wei)一(yi)根串行電話線(xian)。它將中遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)事實(shi)、為(wei)Internet遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供方(fang)便。但數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不是那么(me)十(shi)全(quan)(quan)十(shi)美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格比較(jiao)(jiao)昂(ang)貴、模(mo)(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可能出現全(quan)(quan)線(xian)崩潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危機(ji)(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)滯后(hou)等(deng)等(deng)問題(ti)仍(reng)然存在。

三、處理層

處(chu)理層或許該(gai)稱為音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)處(chu)理層，它將(jiang)有(you)傳輸層送過來的音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)信號加以(yi)分配、放大、分割(ge)等等處(chu)理，有(you)機的將(jiang)表(biao)現層與控制層加以(yi)連接。音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)分配器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)放大器(qi)、視(shi)頻(pin)分割(ge)器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)切換器(qi)等等設備都屬于這一層。

四、傳輸層

傳輸(shu)(shu)層相(xiang)當(dang)于安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)(zai)小型安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，我(wo)們(men)(men)最常見的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)層設備是(shi)(shi)視(shi)頻(pin)線、音(yin)頻(pin)線，對于中遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，我(wo)們(men)(men)常使用的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)射(she)頻(pin)線、微波，對于遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)而(er)言，我(wo)們(men)(men)通常使用Internet這(zhe)一廉價載體。值得一提的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，新出現(xian)的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)層介(jie)質——網線/光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)。大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)一個誤(wu)區，他們(men)(men)認(ren)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層使用的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)了，其實不然。純數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)介(jie)質一定(ding)是(shi)(shi)網線或光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)。信(xin)(xin)號從采集層出來(lai)時，就已(yi)(yi)經調(diao)制(zhi)成數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)(xin)號了，數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)(xin)號在(zai)(zai)目前已(yi)(yi)趨成熟的(de)(de)網絡上(shang)跑，理論(lun)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰減的(de)(de)，這(zhe)就保證遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像(xiang)的(de)(de)無(wu)損(sun)失顯示，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)模(mo)擬傳輸(shu)(shu)無(wu)法比(bi)擬的(de)(de)。當(dang)然，高性能(neng)的(de)(de)回報也需要高成本(ben)的(de)(de)投入，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)純數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法普(pu)及最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)原因之一。

五、執行層

執行層(ceng)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)(men)控制指(zhi)令的(de)命令對(dui)(dui)象，在某些時候，它(ta)和我(wo)們(men)(men)后面(mian)所(suo)說的(de)支撐誠、采集層(ceng)不太好(hao)截然分開，我(wo)們(men)(men)認為受控對(dui)(dui)象即(ji)為執行層(ceng)設備。比如：云臺、鏡(jing)頭(tou)、解碼(ma)器、球等(deng)等(deng)。

六、支撐層

顧(gu)名思義，支撐(cheng)層是(shi)用于后端設備(bei)的(de)支撐(cheng)，保護和支撐(cheng)采集(ji)層、執(zhi)行(xing)層設備(bei)。它包(bao)括支架(jia)、防護罩等等輔助設備(bei)。

七、采集層

采(cai)集層是整(zheng)個安防監控(kong)系統(tong)品質(zhi)好壞的(de)關鍵因(yin)素，也是系統(tong)成本開銷(xiao)最(zui)大(da)的(de)地方。它(ta)包(bao)括鏡(jing)頭、攝像(xiang)機、報警傳感器等(deng)等(deng)。