安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分
安防監控系統設備包括哪些?
以下設備(bei)是(shi)視頻監控系統中常(chang)用(yong)到的,但(dan)是(shi)不是(shi)都要出現在一個系統中,根據監控系統的規模(mo)可能(neng)只(zhi)采用(yong)其中的部(bu)分監控設備(bei)。
一、前端設備
攝像機(網絡型(xing)(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球型(xing)(xing)(xing)、針孔型(xing)(xing)(xing)、標準槍式、一體化型(xing)(xing)(xing)、工業型(xing)(xing)(xing)等)
攝像機鏡頭(定焦、手動(dong)(dong)變焦、自動(dong)(dong)光(guang)圈(quan)、電動(dong)(dong)變焦等)
攝(she)像機(ji)防護罩(普(pu)通槍型(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)、防水型(xing)(xing)、防爆型(xing)(xing)、萬能型(xing)(xing)等)
攝(she)像機云臺(tai)(普通(tong)型(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)內置、重載型(xing)(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)(xing)、萬向云臺(tai)等(deng))
解碼器-------室外、室內(nei)、普通(tong)、防爆、內(nei)置(zhi)等
紅外燈-------LED型、惰性(xing)氣體、激光等
等等……
二、傳輸設備
普通射頻電纜
控制電纜
電源電纜
光纖收發器
光端機
485信(xin)號轉換器(qi)
視頻信號放大器
防雷模塊
等等……
三、控制設備
矩陣(數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體)
控制鍵盤
控制碼發生器
控制碼轉換器
畫面處理器
PC式(shi)錄像機
嵌入式錄像機
普(pu)通模擬長(chang)延時錄像機(ji)
數(shu)字矩(ju)陣(軟件+解(jie)碼(ma)卡)
時間字符發生器
視頻分配器
視頻放大器
云臺鏡頭控制器
信號轉換器(RS-232轉(zhuan)485)
等等……
四、顯示設備
CRT監視(shi)器
液晶監視器
電視墻
硬質背投
普通投影幕
VGA監(jian)視器
等等……
五、附屬設備、配件
UPS電源
交換機
控制臺
機柜
鍍鋅管
蛇皮管
PVC塑料管
聚乙烯尼龍管
Q九頭(tou)、RJ45頭
開關電源
線卡
PVC線槽
橋架
安防監控系統組成部分
對于(yu)(yu)安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong),根據(ju)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)各部分(fen)功能的(de)不(bu)同(tong),我們將整個安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)劃分(fen)為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執(zhi)行層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)。當(dang)然(ran),由于(yu)(yu)設備集成化越來越高,對于(yu)(yu)部分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言,某些設備可(ke)能會(hui)同(tong)時以多個層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)身份(fen)存在于(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)。
一、表現層
表現城是我(wo)們(men)最直觀(guan)感(gan)受(shou)到的,它展現了(le)整(zheng)個安防監控(kong)系統的品質。如監控(kong)電視墻(qiang)、監視器、高音報(bao)警喇叭、報(bao)警自動(dong)駁接電話等(deng)等(deng)都屬于(yu)這一層。
二、控制層
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層是整個安防監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心,它(ta)是系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)科技水平(ping)的(de)(de)最明確體(ti)現。通(tong)常(chang)我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)有兩種——模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是早期(qi)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi),其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)臺通(tong)常(chang)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)或(huo)者模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)矩陣構成,適用于小(xiao)型(xing)局部安防監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong),這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)成本較(jiao)低,故障率(lv)較(jiao)小(xiao)。但對于中(zhong)大型(xing)安防監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言,這種方(fang)式(shi)就顯得操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)復(fu)雜(za)且無任何價格(ge)優勢了,這時我(wo)(wo)們(men)更為明智的(de)(de)選擇應該是數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji)作(zuo)為監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)核心,它(ta)將復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)變為簡單的(de)(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)(cao)作(zuo),將巨大的(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮小(xiao)為一(yi)個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji),將復(fu)雜(za)而數(shu)(shu)量龐(pang)大的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電纜變為一(yi)根串行電話(hua)線。它(ta)將中(zhong)遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為事實、為Internet遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供方(fang)便。但數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)也(ye)不是那么(me)十全十美,控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)主機(ji)的(de)(de)價格(ge)比較(jiao)昂(ang)貴、模(mo)塊浪(lang)費(fei)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)可能出現全線崩潰(kui)的(de)(de)危機(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)較(jiao)為滯后(hou)等等問題仍(reng)然存在(zai)。
三、處理層
處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)或許該稱為(wei)音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng),它將有(you)傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)送過來的音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號加以(yi)分(fen)配(pei)、放(fang)大、分(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處理(li),有(you)機的將表現(xian)層(ceng)(ceng)與控制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)加以(yi)連接(jie)。音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)配(pei)器(qi)、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)放(fang)大器(qi)、視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)割器(qi)、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)切(qie)換器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設備(bei)都屬于這一層(ceng)(ceng)。
四、傳輸層
傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)脈(mo)。在(zai)小型安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中,我們(men)最常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)設(she)備是(shi)視(shi)頻(pin)線(xian)、音頻(pin)線(xian),對于(yu)中遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言,我們(men)常(chang)使用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)射(she)頻(pin)線(xian)、微波,對于(yu)遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而言,我們(men)通(tong)常(chang)使用Internet這一(yi)(yi)(yi)廉價載體。值(zhi)得一(yi)(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),新出現的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)介(jie)質——網(wang)(wang)(wang)線(xian)/光纖。大多(duo)數人(ren)在(zai)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)上(shang)存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)誤區,他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制層(ceng)(ceng)使用的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)了,其(qi)實不然。純數字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)介(jie)質一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)線(xian)或光纖。信號(hao)從(cong)采集層(ceng)(ceng)出來時,就已經調制成(cheng)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)信號(hao)了,數字(zi)(zi)(zi)信號(hao)在(zai)目前已趨成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)上(shang)跑,理論上(shang)是(shi)無衰減(jian)的(de)(de)(de),這就保證遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)(de)無損失顯示,這是(shi)模擬傳輸(shu)無法比擬的(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)然,高性能的(de)(de)(de)回報也需要(yao)(yao)高成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)投入,這是(shi)純數字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無法普及最重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
五、執行層
執(zhi)行層是我們(men)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)指令(ling)的(de)命令(ling)對(dui)象,在某些時候,它和(he)我們(men)后(hou)面所說(shuo)的(de)支撐誠(cheng)、采(cai)集層不太好截然分開,我們(men)認為受控(kong)(kong)對(dui)象即為執(zhi)行層設備(bei)。比如:云臺、鏡(jing)頭、解碼器(qi)、球等(deng)等(deng)。
六、支撐層
顧名思義(yi),支(zhi)撐層是用于后(hou)端設備(bei)的支(zhi)撐,保護和支(zhi)撐采(cai)集(ji)層、執行層設備(bei)。它包括支(zhi)架、防(fang)護罩等(deng)等(deng)輔助設備(bei)。
七、采集層
采集層是(shi)整個安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)品質好(hao)壞的關鍵因素(su),也是(shi)系統(tong)成本(ben)開銷最大的地方(fang)。它包括鏡頭、攝像機(ji)、報警傳感器等等。