安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設(she)備(bei)是視頻監控(kong)系統(tong)中常用(yong)到的，但是不是都(dou)要出現在一個系統(tong)中，根(gen)據監控(kong)系統(tong)的規模可能只采(cai)用(yong)其中的部分監控(kong)設(she)備(bei)。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型、半球型、針孔型、標準槍式、一體化型、工業型等）

攝像機鏡頭（定焦、手動(dong)變焦、自動(dong)光圈、電動(dong)變焦等）

攝(she)像機防護罩（普通槍型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)、半球(qiu)型(xing)、防水型(xing)、防爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等）

攝像機云臺(tai)（普通型(xing)、球型(xing)內置(zhi)、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬向云臺(tai)等）

解碼器-------室(shi)外、室(shi)內、普通、防爆、內置等

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣(qi)體(ti)、激(ji)光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機(ji)

嵌入式錄像機

普通模(mo)擬(ni)長延時錄像機

數(shu)字矩陣（軟件＋解碼(ma)卡(ka)）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭(tou)、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對(dui)于安防監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統，根據(ju)系(xi)(xi)統各部分功能的不同，我(wo)們將(jiang)整個安防監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統劃分為七層(ceng)——表現層(ceng)、控(kong)制層(ceng)、處理層(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)、執行層(ceng)、支撐(cheng)層(ceng)、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)。當然，由于設(she)備集(ji)成化越來(lai)越高，對(dui)于部分系(xi)(xi)統而言，某些設(she)備可能會同時(shi)以多(duo)個層(ceng)的身份(fen)存在于系(xi)(xi)統中。

一、表現層

表(biao)現(xian)城是(shi)我們(men)最(zui)直觀感(gan)受到(dao)的(de)，它展現(xian)了整個安防監控(kong)系統的(de)品質。如監控(kong)電視墻、監視器、高音(yin)報(bao)警(jing)喇叭、報(bao)警(jing)自動駁接電話等等都屬于這一層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)(shi)整個安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)(xin)，它是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)科技水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)最明確體現。通常我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式有兩種——模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式，其(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)，適用于小型局部安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)，這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式成(cheng)本較(jiao)(jiao)低，故障率較(jiao)(jiao)小。但(dan)(dan)對于中大型安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而言，這種方式就顯得操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)復雜(za)且(qie)無任何(he)價格優勢了，這時(shi)我們(men)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)明智的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應該是(shi)(shi)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心(xin)(xin)，它將(jiang)(jiang)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼠標點擊(ji)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮小為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機，將(jiang)(jiang)復雜(za)而數(shu)量(liang)龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變(bian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)根串行電話線(xian)。它將(jiang)(jiang)中遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)事實、為(wei)(wei)Internet遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供方便(bian)。但(dan)(dan)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是(shi)(shi)那么(me)十全(quan)十美(mei)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)價格比較(jiao)(jiao)昂貴、模(mo)塊(kuai)浪(lang)費的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況、系(xi)統(tong)可能出現全(quan)線(xian)崩潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)滯后等(deng)等(deng)問題仍然存在。

三、處理層

處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或許該稱為音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，它將(jiang)有傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)送過來的音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)信號加以分(fen)(fen)配、放(fang)大、分(fen)(fen)割等等處理(li)，有機的將(jiang)表現層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)控制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)加以連接。音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)(fen)配器、音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)放(fang)大器、視頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)(fen)割器、音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)切換器等等設(she)備都屬于這(zhe)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)輸(shu)層相當于(yu)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，我(wo)們(men)最常見(jian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層設備(bei)是視(shi)頻(pin)線、音頻(pin)線，對于(yu)中遠(yuan)(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言(yan)，我(wo)們(men)常使用(yong)的(de)(de)是射(she)頻(pin)線、微波，對于(yu)遠(yuan)(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而言(yan)，我(wo)們(men)通常使用(yong)Internet這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)廉價載體。值得(de)一(yi)提(ti)的(de)(de)是，新出現(xian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層介質——網線/光纖。大多數人在(zai)數字(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)上(shang)(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)個誤區，他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層使用(yong)的(de)(de)數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)就是數字(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)，其實不然。純數字(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)介質一(yi)定是網線或光纖。信(xin)號從(cong)采(cai)集(ji)層出來(lai)時，就已經調制(zhi)成數字(zi)信(xin)號了(le)(le)，數字(zi)信(xin)號在(zai)目前已趨成熟的(de)(de)網絡上(shang)(shang)跑，理(li)論(lun)上(shang)(shang)是無衰減的(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)就保證遠(yuan)(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)像的(de)(de)無損失顯示，這(zhe)(zhe)是模擬(ni)傳(chuan)輸(shu)無法比擬(ni)的(de)(de)。當然，高(gao)性能(neng)的(de)(de)回報(bao)也需(xu)要(yao)高(gao)成本的(de)(de)投入(ru)，這(zhe)(zhe)是純數字(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無法普及最重要(yao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)之一(yi)。

五、執行層

執行層是我(wo)(wo)們控制指令的命令對象，在某些(xie)時候，它和我(wo)(wo)們后面所說的支撐誠(cheng)、采(cai)集(ji)層不太好截(jie)然分開，我(wo)(wo)們認(ren)為受(shou)控對象即(ji)為執行層設備。比(bi)如(ru)：云臺、鏡頭、解碼器、球等(deng)等(deng)。

六、支撐層

顧(gu)名思(si)義，支撐層是用(yong)于后端設(she)備的(de)支撐，保護和支撐采集層、執(zhi)行層設(she)備。它包括支架、防護罩等(deng)等(deng)輔(fu)助設(she)備。

七、采集層

采集層是整(zheng)個安防(fang)監控系統品(pin)質好壞的關鍵因素，也(ye)是系統成本開銷最大的地方。它包(bao)括鏡頭、攝(she)像(xiang)機、報警(jing)傳感器等等。