一、三輪電動車用途

電力作為一種環保，清潔，轉換率高的重要的能源，廣泛用于生產和生活。以電力為應用來驅動交通工具的更新換代，促進交通運輸行業(ye)的低碳化發(fa)展，降低交通成本(ben)，節(jie)約(yue)能源，保護環境，是(shi)世界各國研(yan)究的重要(yao)課題之一，經過幾十年的發(fa)展，已經應用在電動(dong)城市公交車輛，廠礦電動(dong)運輸車輛，電動(dong)城市環衛清(qing)潔車輛，工程，遂道，地鐵施工專(zhuan)用車輛等(deng)諸多領域。電動三輪車以(yi)其(qi)適用性強，機(ji)動(dong)錄活，維(wei)護簡(jian)單，維(wei)修方(fang)便(bian)，價格低廉等優點，可(ke)以(yi)靈活地穿(chuan)行(xing)于狹小(xiao)的(de)馬路(lu)間。電(dian)動(dong)三輪(lun)車具有倒(dao)車開關，可(ke)以(yi)方(fang)便(bian)的(de)實現倒(dao)順(shun)行(xing)駛功能，這在道路(lu)狹窄(zhai)的(de)胡同、小(xiao)巷非(fei)常實用,無論行(xing)駛停車均非(fei)常方(fang)便(bian)。廣泛應用于家庭、城鄉、個體出租、廠區、礦區、環衛、社區保潔等短途(tu)運輸領域。

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二、三輪電動車的分類

電動三輪車按用(yong)途(tu)分為(wei)家(jia)用(yong)型(xing)，貨運型(xing)，工廠型(xing)多種型(xing)號。因為(wei)用(yong)途(tu)的(de)不同，采用(yong)的(de)技術標準也不相同.家(jia)用(yong)型(xing)電動(dong)三輪(lun)(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)，大(da)(da)部(bu)分采用(yong)是(shi)側(ce)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)電機，外置車(che)(che)架(jia)（車(che)(che)架(jia)在車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)外邊），這種結構的(de)車(che)(che)沒有大(da)(da)軸(zhou)，載重量輕，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)200KG左右，電機一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)350-500W，電池(chi)(chi)為(wei)12V20AH電池(chi)(chi)，適合做家(jia)用(yong)和(he)老年代步(bu)工具。也有中(zhong)置電機帶大(da)(da)軸(zhou)的(de)，（大(da)(da)軸(zhou)又(you)稱后橋、后梁，是(shi)連接三輪(lun)(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)后兩輪(lun)(lun)(lun)之間的(de)車(che)(che)軸(zhou)，三輪(lun)(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)的(de)重要部(bu)件）這種車(che)(che)穩(wen)定性(xing)好，中(zhong)置電機同時驅動(dong)后兩輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，啟(qi)動(dong)平穩(wen)，不過這種三輪(lun)(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)比較貴。

貨運型電動三輪車，這種車也分為倆種，一種為摩托型，配置和款式和三輪摩托車差不多，中置電機帶大軸，配500W以上電機，載貨量一(yi)般在300-600KG，配(pei)置(zhi)有(you)倒順開關，和調速系統。上(shang)路最快時(shi)速在35公(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右。一(yi)種為機(ji)動(dong)三(san)(san)輪型，多由(you)機(ji)動(dong)三(san)(san)輪改裝而成，后橋(qiao)，車箱完全采用(yong)機(ji)動(dong)三(san)(san)輪車配(pei)置(zhi)，載重都在一(yi)噸以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，可(ke)由(you)變速箱進(jin)行(xing)調速，配(pei)置(zhi)4-5塊120AH大(da)容量電瓶，直流(liu)900W以(yi)(yi)上(shang)電機(ji)，有(you)帶駕駛(shi)室(shi)的和不(bu)帶駕駛(shi)室(shi)的，也可(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)液壓升降裝置(zhi)，用(yong)作廠內裝卸散(san)裝物料和城市(shi)用(yong)來清(qing)運垃圾等(deng)。

工廠型電動三輪車，使用環境一般比較惡劣，要求電機，電瓶比較耐用，能適應粉塵、高溫、崎嶇道(dao)(dao)路(lu)等環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，對車(che)架用材，焊(han)接工藝要(yao)求等較高，車(che)架用管(guan)材厚度(du)都在2.5MM以上，后橋直徑在78MM以上，焊(han)接采用等離子保護(hu)焊(han)，焊(han)接密度(du)高，焊(han)縫(feng)抗拉強度(du)大，不(bu)易斷(duan)裂。能適應(ying)(ying)工廠操作環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。工廠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)三輪(lun)車(che)應(ying)(ying)用的(de)(de)比較多的(de)(de)有磚廠用的(de)(de)磚廠拉坯車(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平板車(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)升(sheng)降運(yun)水坯車(che)等；磚廠、窯(yao)廠、耐(nai)火廠、陶瓷(ci)廠、焙燒廠等用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝窯(yao)車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)出(chu)窯(yao)車(che)等；工程、隧道(dao)(dao)、環(huan)(huan)衛用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)輸車(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自卸車(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)衛清運(yun)車(che)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)輸車(che)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自卸車(che)還應(ying)(ying)用于面(mian)粉(fen)廠，選礦廠，化工廠、爐料(liao)廠、養殖場、批發部、城鄉家庭、出(chu)租等短途運(yun)輸等。

三、電瓶的維護

1、電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不能(neng)虧電(dian)(dian)存放，虧電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)是指電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)用(yong)完后沒及時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)易造成硫酸的(de)(de)鹽化(hua)，使硫酸鉛結(jie)晶物附著在電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)極(ji)板上(shang)，堵塞電(dian)(dian)離子的(de)(de)通(tong)道，會(hui)造成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)不進(jin)去，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)會(hui)下降(jiang)。虧電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下閑(xian)(xian)置(zhi)時間越(yue)長，電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損傷越(yue)嚴重。電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)閑(xian)(xian)置(zhi)不用(yong)時，應(ying)每月充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次，這才(cai)能(neng)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)使用(yong)壽命。

2、電(dian)動三(san)輪車(che)的電(dian)瓶(ping)在使用(yong)過(guo)程中要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)定期的檢(jian)驗，如(ru)果電(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車(che)的續行(xing)(xing)里(li)程在短(duan)時間(jian)內突然下降十(shi)幾公(gong)里(li)，則很有(you)可能是電(dian)瓶(ping)組中至少有(you)一塊電(dian)池出現斷格、極板(ban)軟化、極板(ban)活(huo)性物質脫落等短(duan)路現象。此時，應及時到專業電(dian)瓶(ping)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)機構(gou)進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)查、修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)或配組。

3、勿大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)動自行車在起步、載人、上坡時，最好用(yong)腳蹬(deng)助力(li)，盡量避(bi)免瞬(shun)間大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)。大電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)容(rong)易導致硫酸鉛結晶，從而損害電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)極板的物理性(xing)能。

4、要掌握充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，一般情況(kuang)下，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都在(zai)夜間進行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，平均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間在(zai)8小時(shi)左右。若是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛里(li)程很短(duan)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)很快(kuai)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)滿，繼續充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)出現過充(chong)現象(xiang)，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)失水、發熱，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)壽命。所以，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%—60%時(shi)充(chong)一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳，實際使用時(shi)可折算成騎行(xing)(xing)(xing)里(li)程，根據實際情況(kuang)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)必要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免(mian)傷害性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、要防(fang)止高(gao)溫曝(pu)曬電(dian)動車，嚴禁在陽光下曝(pu)曬。溫度過高(gao)的(de)環境會使蓄電(dian)池內部壓力增加而使電(dian)瓶(ping)限壓閥被迫自動開啟，直接后(hou)果就(jiu)是增加電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)失(shi)水量，而電(dian)瓶(ping)過度失(shi)水必然引發(fa)電(dian)瓶(ping)活性(xing)下降(jiang)，加速(su)極板軟化，充(chong)電(dian)時殼(ke)體發(fa)熱、殼(ke)體起鼓、變(bian)形等致命損傷。