一、三輪電動車用途

電力作為一種環保，清潔，轉換率高的重要的能源，廣泛用于生產和生活。以電力為應用來驅動交通工具的(de)(de)更新換代，促進交通運(yun)輸(shu)行業(ye)的(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)化發(fa)展，降(jiang)低(di)交通成本，節約能源，保護(hu)環(huan)(huan)境，是(shi)世界各國(guo)研究的(de)(de)重(zhong)要課(ke)題之一，經過幾(ji)十(shi)年(nian)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，已(yi)經應用在電動(dong)城市(shi)公(gong)交車輛，廠礦電動(dong)運(yun)輸(shu)車輛，電動(dong)城市(shi)環(huan)(huan)衛清潔(jie)車輛，工(gong)程，遂道，地鐵施工(gong)專(zhuan)用車輛等諸(zhu)多領域。電動三輪車以其適用(yong)性強，機動錄活，維(wei)護簡單，維(wei)修(xiu)方便，價格(ge)低廉(lian)等優點，可(ke)(ke)以靈活地(di)穿行(xing)于狹(xia)小的馬路間。電動三輪車具有倒車開關，可(ke)(ke)以方便的實現(xian)倒順行(xing)駛功能(neng)，這(zhe)在(zai)道路狹(xia)窄的胡同、小巷非常實用(yong),無論行(xing)駛停車均非常方便。廣泛應用(yong)于家庭、城(cheng)鄉、個(ge)體出租、廠區、礦區、環衛、社區保潔(jie)等短途運輸(shu)領域。

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二、三輪電動車的分類

電動三輪車按用(yong)途分為家用(yong)型(xing)，貨運型(xing)，工(gong)廠型(xing)多種型(xing)號。因(yin)為用(yong)途的(de)不同，采用(yong)的(de)技術(shu)標準也(ye)不相同.家用(yong)型(xing)電(dian)動三(san)輪車(che)(che)(che)，大(da)部分采用(yong)是側輪電(dian)機(ji)，外(wai)(wai)置(zhi)(zhi)車(che)(che)(che)架（車(che)(che)(che)架在車(che)(che)(che)輪外(wai)(wai)邊），這種結(jie)構的(de)車(che)(che)(che)沒(mei)有大(da)軸(zhou)，載重量輕(qing)，一(yi)(yi)般200KG左(zuo)右，電(dian)機(ji)一(yi)(yi)般為350-500W，電(dian)池為12V20AH電(dian)池，適(shi)合做(zuo)家用(yong)和(he)老(lao)年代步工(gong)具。也(ye)有中置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)帶大(da)軸(zhou)的(de)，（大(da)軸(zhou)又(you)稱后(hou)橋、后(hou)梁(liang)，是連接三(san)輪車(che)(che)(che)后(hou)兩(liang)輪之間的(de)車(che)(che)(che)軸(zhou)，三(san)輪車(che)(che)(che)的(de)重要部件）這種車(che)(che)(che)穩定性好，中置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)同時驅(qu)動后(hou)兩(liang)輪，啟動平穩，不過這種三(san)輪車(che)(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)般比(bi)較貴。

貨運型電動三輪車，這種車也分為倆種，一種為摩托型，配置和款式和三輪摩托車差不多，中置電機帶大軸，配500W以上電機，載貨量一(yi)般在300-600KG，配置有倒(dao)順開(kai)關，和調(diao)速(su)(su)系統。上路最快時速(su)(su)在35公(gong)里左右(you)。一(yi)種為機動(dong)三輪(lun)型，多由(you)機動(dong)三輪(lun)改裝而(er)成(cheng)，后(hou)橋，車箱(xiang)完全采用機動(dong)三輪(lun)車配置，載重(zhong)都在一(yi)噸以上，可由(you)變速(su)(su)箱(xiang)進(jin)行調(diao)速(su)(su)，配置4-5塊120AH大(da)容量電瓶，直流(liu)900W以上電機，有帶駕駛室的和不帶駕駛室的，也可配置液壓升降裝置，用作(zuo)廠(chang)內(nei)裝卸(xie)散(san)裝物料和城市用來清(qing)運(yun)垃圾等。

工廠型電動三輪車，使用環境一般比較惡劣，要求電機，電瓶比較耐用，能適應粉塵、高溫、崎嶇(qu)道(dao)路等(deng)(deng)環(huan)境(jing)，對車(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)(yong)材，焊接工(gong)藝要(yao)求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)較(jiao)高，車(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)(yong)管(guan)材厚度都在2.5MM以上，后橋直徑在78MM以上，焊接采用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)離子(zi)保護焊，焊接密度高，焊縫抗拉強度大(da)，不易(yi)斷裂。能適應工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)操作環(huan)境(jing)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)三輪車(che)(che)(che)應用(yong)(yong)的(de)比較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)有磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)拉坯(pi)車(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平板(ban)車(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)升降(jiang)運水坯(pi)車(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、窯(yao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、耐火廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、陶瓷廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、焙(bei)燒廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝窯(yao)車(che)(che)(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)出窯(yao)車(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；工(gong)程、隧道(dao)、環(huan)衛(wei)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運輸車(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自卸(xie)車(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)衛(wei)清運車(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運輸車(che)(che)(che)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自卸(xie)車(che)(che)(che)還應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)面粉廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，選礦廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，化工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、爐料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、養殖場、批發部(bu)、城鄉家庭、出租(zu)等(deng)(deng)短(duan)途運輸等(deng)(deng)。

三、電瓶的維護

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不能虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)存放(fang)，虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)用(yong)完后沒(mei)及(ji)時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)容易造成(cheng)硫酸(suan)的(de)鹽(yan)化，使硫酸(suan)鉛結(jie)晶(jing)物(wu)附(fu)著在電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)極板上，堵塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)離子(zi)的(de)通道，會造成(cheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)充不進去(qu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)容量(liang)會下(xia)降。虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)閑(xian)置(zhi)時(shi)間越(yue)長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損傷越(yue)嚴重(zhong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)閑(xian)置(zhi)不用(yong)時(shi)，應每(mei)月充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，這才能延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)使用(yong)壽命。

2、電(dian)(dian)動三輪車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶在(zai)使(shi)用過程中要(yao)進行定期的(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)的(de)續行里程在(zai)短(duan)時間(jian)內突然(ran)下降十幾公里，則(ze)很有可能是(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶組中至少(shao)有一塊電(dian)(dian)池(chi)出現(xian)斷格、極(ji)板(ban)軟化、極(ji)板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質脫落(luo)等短(duan)路現(xian)象。此時，應及(ji)時到專業電(dian)(dian)瓶修復機構(gou)進行檢(jian)(jian)查、修復或配組。

3、勿(wu)大(da)電流放電電動(dong)自行車在起步、載(zai)人、上坡(po)時，最好(hao)用腳蹬助(zhu)力，盡(jin)量避免瞬間大(da)電流放電。大(da)電流放電容易導致(zhi)硫酸鉛結晶，從而損害電瓶(ping)極板的物理性能。

4、要掌握充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間，一(yi)般情況下，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都在(zai)(zai)夜(ye)間進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，平均充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間在(zai)(zai)8小時(shi)(shi)左右(you)。若是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)里程(cheng)很(hen)短），電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶很(hen)快就會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，繼(ji)續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就會(hui)出現(xian)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)現(xian)象，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶失水、發熱，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶壽命(ming)。所以，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)為50%—60%時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳，實際使用時(shi)(shi)可折算成(cheng)騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)里程(cheng)，根據實際情況進行(xing)(xing)必要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免傷(shang)害性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、要防(fang)止(zhi)高(gao)溫(wen)曝曬電(dian)動車，嚴禁在陽光(guang)下(xia)曝曬。溫(wen)度(du)過高(gao)的(de)環境(jing)會使(shi)蓄電(dian)池內部壓力(li)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)而使(shi)電(dian)瓶限(xian)壓閥被迫自(zi)動開啟，直接后果就是增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)瓶的(de)失水量，而電(dian)瓶過度(du)失水必然引發(fa)電(dian)瓶活(huo)性(xing)下(xia)降，加(jia)速極板軟化(hua)，充電(dian)時(shi)殼體發(fa)熱、殼體起鼓、變形(xing)等致(zhi)命損傷(shang)。