一、三輪電動車用途

電力作為一種環保，清潔，轉換率高的重要的能源，廣泛用于生產和生活。以電力為應用來驅動交通工具的更新換代，促進交(jiao)通運輸行(xing)業的低碳化發展，降低交(jiao)通成本(ben)，節約(yue)能源，保護環(huan)境(jing)，是世界各國研究的重要(yao)課題之一(yi)，經過幾十(shi)年(nian)的發展，已經應(ying)用在電(dian)動(dong)城(cheng)市公交(jiao)車輛，廠礦電(dian)動(dong)運輸車輛，電(dian)動(dong)城(cheng)市環(huan)衛清潔車輛，工程，遂道，地鐵施工專用車輛等諸多領(ling)域。電動三輪車以(yi)(yi)其適用(yong)性強，機動錄活，維(wei)護簡單，維(wei)修方(fang)便，價(jia)格低廉等(deng)(deng)優點，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)靈活地穿行于狹小(xiao)的馬路間。電(dian)動三(san)輪車具有倒車開關，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)方(fang)便的實(shi)現倒順行駛(shi)功能，這在道(dao)路狹窄(zhai)的胡同、小(xiao)巷非(fei)常實(shi)用(yong),無(wu)論(lun)行駛(shi)停車均非(fei)常方(fang)便。廣泛應用(yong)于家庭、城鄉、個體(ti)出租、廠區、礦區、環衛、社區保(bao)潔等(deng)(deng)短途運輸(shu)領域。

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二、三輪電動車的分類

電動三輪車按用(yong)途分為(wei)(wei)家用(yong)型(xing)，貨運型(xing)，工廠(chang)型(xing)多種(zhong)型(xing)號。因為(wei)(wei)用(yong)途的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)技術標準也不(bu)相同(tong).家用(yong)型(xing)電(dian)動(dong)三輪(lun)車(che)，大(da)部分采(cai)用(yong)是側(ce)輪(lun)電(dian)機(ji)，外(wai)置(zhi)車(che)架（車(che)架在車(che)輪(lun)外(wai)邊），這(zhe)種(zhong)結構的(de)(de)車(che)沒有大(da)軸(zhou)，載重(zhong)量輕，一般200KG左右，電(dian)機(ji)一般為(wei)(wei)350-500W，電(dian)池為(wei)(wei)12V20AH電(dian)池，適合做家用(yong)和老年代步工具(ju)。也有中置(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)帶大(da)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)，（大(da)軸(zhou)又(you)稱后(hou)橋、后(hou)梁，是連接三輪(lun)車(che)后(hou)兩(liang)輪(lun)之間的(de)(de)車(che)軸(zhou)，三輪(lun)車(che)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要部件）這(zhe)種(zhong)車(che)穩(wen)定性好，中置(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)同(tong)時驅(qu)動(dong)后(hou)兩(liang)輪(lun)，啟動(dong)平穩(wen)，不(bu)過這(zhe)種(zhong)三輪(lun)車(che)一般比(bi)較貴。

貨運型電動三輪車，這種車也分為倆種，一種為摩托型，配置和款式和三輪摩托車差不多，中置電機帶大軸，配500W以上電機，載貨量(liang)一般在(zai)(zai)300-600KG，配(pei)置有倒順開關，和調(diao)速(su)系(xi)統。上(shang)路最快時速(su)在(zai)(zai)35公里左右(you)。一種(zhong)為機動三(san)(san)輪(lun)型，多由(you)(you)機動三(san)(san)輪(lun)改(gai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)而成，后(hou)橋，車箱完全采用(yong)機動三(san)(san)輪(lun)車配(pei)置，載重都在(zai)(zai)一噸以上(shang)，可(ke)由(you)(you)變速(su)箱進行調(diao)速(su)，配(pei)置4-5塊120AH大(da)容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)瓶，直流(liu)900W以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)機，有帶駕(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)的和不帶駕(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)的，也可(ke)配(pei)置液(ye)壓升降裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，用(yong)作廠內裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)散裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物料(liao)和城市用(yong)來清運(yun)垃(la)圾等。

工廠型電動三輪車，使用環境一般比較惡劣，要求電機，電瓶比較耐用，能適應粉塵、高溫、崎嶇道路等(deng)(deng)(deng)環境(jing)，對車(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)材(cai)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)工(gong)藝要求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)較(jiao)高，車(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)管材(cai)厚(hou)度都(dou)在2.5MM以上，后橋直(zhi)徑在78MM以上，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)采用(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)離子(zi)保護焊(han)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)密(mi)度高，焊(han)縫抗拉(la)強度大，不易斷裂。能適應工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)操作(zuo)環境(jing)的(de)要求(qiu)。工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)三輪車(che)(che)(che)(che)應用(yong)的(de)比(bi)較(jiao)多的(de)有(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)拉(la)坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)平板車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)升降運水坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)、窯廠(chang)(chang)、耐火(huo)廠(chang)(chang)、陶瓷廠(chang)(chang)、焙燒廠(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)裝窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)出(chu)窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；工(gong)程、隧道、環衛用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)運輸車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自卸車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)環衛清運車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)運輸車(che)(che)(che)(che)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自卸車(che)(che)(che)(che)還應用(yong)于面粉廠(chang)(chang)，選礦(kuang)廠(chang)(chang)，化工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)、爐料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)、養殖(zhi)場、批發部、城鄉家庭、出(chu)租等(deng)(deng)(deng)短(duan)途運輸等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

三、電瓶的維護

1、電(dian)(dian)瓶不(bu)(bu)能虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)存放(fang)，虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)狀態是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)量用(yong)完后(hou)沒及時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)易造(zao)成硫(liu)酸的(de)鹽(yan)化，使硫(liu)酸鉛結晶(jing)物(wu)附著(zhu)在電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)極(ji)板上，堵(du)塞(sai)電(dian)(dian)離子的(de)通道(dao)，會造(zao)成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)進去(qu)，電(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)容(rong)量會下降。虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)狀態下閑置時間越長，電(dian)(dian)瓶損傷越嚴重。電(dian)(dian)瓶閑置不(bu)(bu)用(yong)時，應每月充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一次，這才(cai)能延長電(dian)(dian)瓶使用(yong)壽命。

2、電動(dong)三輪車的電瓶在(zai)使用過程中(zhong)(zhong)要進(jin)行(xing)定期(qi)的檢(jian)(jian)驗，如果電動(dong)自行(xing)車的續行(xing)里(li)(li)程在(zai)短時間內突然(ran)下降(jiang)十幾公里(li)(li)，則很有可能是(shi)電瓶組(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)至少有一塊電池出(chu)現斷格(ge)、極板軟化、極板活(huo)性物質脫落(luo)等(deng)短路現象。此時，應(ying)及時到專業電瓶修復機(ji)構進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查、修復或配(pei)組(zu)。

3、勿大(da)電(dian)流放電(dian)電(dian)動自行車在(zai)起步、載人、上坡時，最好用(yong)腳蹬助力，盡量(liang)避免瞬間大(da)電(dian)流放電(dian)。大(da)電(dian)流放電(dian)容易導致硫酸(suan)鉛結晶(jing)，從而損害電(dian)瓶極板的物(wu)理性能。

4、要(yao)掌握充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，一(yi)般情況下，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都在夜間進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，平(ping)均充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間在8小時(shi)左右。若(ruo)是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后行(xing)(xing)駛里程(cheng)很短(duan)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶很快就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)出(chu)現過充(chong)(chong)(chong)現象(xiang)，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶失水、發熱，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶壽命。所以，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)為50%—60%時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)佳，實(shi)際使(shi)用時(shi)可(ke)折算成騎行(xing)(xing)里程(cheng)，根據實(shi)際情況進行(xing)(xing)必要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免傷害性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、要(yao)防止高溫(wen)曝曬電(dian)動車(che)，嚴禁在陽光下(xia)曝曬。溫(wen)度過(guo)高的(de)環(huan)境(jing)會使蓄電(dian)池內部壓(ya)力增加而使電(dian)瓶(ping)限壓(ya)閥被迫自動開啟(qi)，直接后(hou)果就是增加電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)失(shi)水量，而電(dian)瓶(ping)過(guo)度失(shi)水必然引發電(dian)瓶(ping)活(huo)性下(xia)降(jiang)，加速極板軟化，充電(dian)時殼體發熱(re)、殼體起鼓、變形等致命損傷(shang)。