防爆電器分類有(you)哪些？

存在(zai)有(you)(you)爆(bao)(bao)炸危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)氣(qi)體和蒸氣(qi)的(de)場所采用(yong)的(de)一類電(dian)氣(qi)設備。化工生(sheng)產經常遇到各種有(you)(you)爆(bao)(bao)炸危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)的(de)氣(qi)體和蒸氣(qi)，在(zai)有(you)(you)這些介質(zhi)的(de)地方，按照(zhao)有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)范、標(biao)準和規(gui)定，正確(que)選用(yong)合適的(de)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)器(qi)（explosion-proof electric apparatus），從而防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)引起周圍(wei)爆(bao)(bao)炸性(xing)混合物爆(bao)(bao)炸。是(shi)保證安全生(sheng)產、防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)爆(bao)(bao)炸和火災發生(sheng)的(de)重要(yao)措施(shi)。在(zai)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)器(qi)上(shang)通常還有(you)(you)必要(yao)的(de)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)標(biao)志(zhi)和技術數據，以避免錯誤使用(yong)。

1簡介防爆電器

防爆(bao)(bao)電器(20張)防爆(bao)(bao)電器主要分為：防爆(bao)(bao)燈(deng)具(ju)、防爆(bao)(bao)電器、防爆(bao)(bao)管件(jian) 、防爆(bao)(bao)防腐電器、粉塵防爆(bao)(bao)電器、不銹鋼防爆(bao)(bao)電器。

通常來說，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)器是指存在有(you)(you)爆(bao)(bao)炸危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體和(he)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)場所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)類(lei)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備(bei)。化工生(sheng)產經常遇到各(ge)種(zhong)有(you)(you)爆(bao)(bao)炸危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體和(he)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)，在有(you)(you)這(zhe)些介質(zhi)的(de)(de)地方，按(an)照有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)范(fan)、標(biao)準和(he)規(gui)定，正(zheng)確選(xuan)用(yong)合適的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)器，是保(bao)證安全(quan)生(sheng)產、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止爆(bao)(bao)炸和(he)火(huo)(huo)災發生(sheng)的(de)(de)重要(yao)措施。按(an)類(lei)型分為隔爆(bao)(bao)型、增安型 、本質(zhi)安全(quan)型、正(zheng)壓型、充(chong)油(you)型、充(chong)砂型、無火(huo)(huo)花型、特殊型。主(zhu)要(yao)品種(zhong)有(you)(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)轉換開關(guan)及刀(dao)開關(guan)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)空氣(qi)(qi)自(zi)動開關(guan)、工廠用(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)磁(ci)力起動器、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)控制(zhi)按(an)鈕(niu)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)操作柱、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)行程(cheng)開關(guan)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)插(cha)銷、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)接線箱、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)接線盒、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)管件及密封材料(liao)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)鐵及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)等。

2分類防爆控制箱類

主要包括用于控(kong)制(zhi)照(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統的照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)電箱和用于控(kong)制(zhi)動(dong)力系(xi)統的動(dong)力箱。這類產品大部分結構為組(zu)合防爆電器

防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)器(6張)式(shi)，最(zui)多可控(kong)制(zhi)12個回路，其外殼(ke)大部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)以(yi)鑄造(zao)鋁合金材料制(zhi)作(zuo)的，也有一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)鋼板焊接的，還(huan)(huan)有很少一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)絕緣材料外殼(ke)。其內(nei)部(bu)主要由斷路器、接觸器、熱繼電(dian)器。轉換開關、信號燈、按(an)鈕(niu)等(deng)元件構成(cheng)，制(zhi)造(zao)廠還(huan)(huan)可根據用(yong)戶需要而選擇配(pei)備(bei)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)等(deng)級最(zui)高可達(da)ⅡCT6級。順便指出(chu)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)自動(dong)開關、防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)刀開關以(yi)及(ji)熔斷器在一(yi)些控(kong)制(zhi)場合也常用(yong)作(zuo)控(kong)制(zhi)動(dong)力或照(zhao)明配(pei)電(dian)系統的線路分(fen)合之(zhi)用(yong)，只是(shi)變成(cheng)一(yi)個單件而已。因此這些產品(pin)也劃(hua)歸到這類產品(pin)中來。

防爆起動器類

此類產(chan)品(pin)包括手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)磁起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、可逆(ni)電(dian)磁起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、自耦(ou)減(jian)壓起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、Y―Δ變換降壓起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)饋電(dian)開關(guan)等產(chan)品(pin)。防爆起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)類產(chan)品(pin)作為終端控(kong)制(zhi)設備，一(yi)般是一(yi)臺(tai)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)一(yi)臺(tai)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機，屬(shu)于(yu)量大面廣類產(chan)品(pin)。其外(wai)殼殼體通(tong)常(chang)由鑄造(zao)鋁(lv)合金或(huo)鋼板制(zhi)成。其內(nei)部一(yi)般由接觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)（空(kong)(kong)氣式(shi)或(huo)真空(kong)(kong)式(shi)）、電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機保護系統、信號(hao)燈、按(an)鈕(niu)和(he)自耦(ou)變壓OS等元(yuan)件(jian)組成，而且一(yi)般都具有(you)就(jiu)地控(kong)制(zhi)、遠距離控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)功能。也有(you)的產(chan)品(pin)中安裝有(you)斷路器(qi)(qi)作總開關(guan)，使產(chan)品(pin)更(geng)加完善。

3防爆控制開關類

這(zhe)類產(chan)品市場(chang)需求量相(xiang)對來說(shuo)也很大，所以生產(chan)廠家也比(bi)較多，主要包(bao)括照明開關(guan)(guan)、轉(zhuan)換(huan)開關(guan)(guan)（組合(he)開關(guan)(guan)）、行程開關(guan)(guan)、拉線(xian)開關(guan)(guan)等小型(xing)(xing)防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)產(chan)品。這(zhe)些產(chan)品的防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)等級可達ⅡCT6級別(bie)，其(qi)防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)外(wai)殼殼體(ti)通(tong)常是采用鑄(zhu)造鋁合(he)金壓(ya)鑄(zhu)而成的復合(he)型(xing)(xing)結(jie)(jie)構，也有少(shao)數(shu)制造廠采用其(qi)它材質外(wai)殼。這(zhe)類產(chan)品的特點是體(ti)積(ji)小，內部元件單(dan)一(yi)、技術含量較低、結(jie)(jie)構簡單(dan)、制作容易。

防爆主令電器類

主令電器(qi)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)作閉合或斷開(kai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電路(lu)，以發出命令或程序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)開(kai)關電器(qi)。這類防爆電器(qi)主要(yao)包括控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)和(he)(he)操作柱(zhu)。防爆控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)外殼(ke)一般(ban)用(yong)聚(ju)碳(tan)酸(suan)酯(zhi)，玻璃纖(xian)維增強不飽合聚(ju)酯(zhi)樹脂或ABS塑(su)料(liao)注塑(su)來制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)，也有(you)少量是(shi)(shi)用(yong)鑄鋁壓(ya)鑄成形(xing)的(de)。一般(ban)結構(gou)為增安型(xing)外殼(ke)，內(nei)(nei)裝隔(ge)爆型(xing)元(yuan)件，而且(qie)可以實現防腐功能，防爆等(deng)級(ji)可達ⅡC級(ji)。操作柱(zhu)主要(yao)由主箱、接(jie)(jie)線箱和(he)(he)支(zhi)柱(zhu)組(zu)(zu)成。其主箱和(he)(he)接(jie)(jie)線箱有(you)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成一體，有(you)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成分體，各(ge)有(you)特點。其材(cai)(cai)質基本上是(shi)(shi)用(yong)鑄造(zao)鋁合金材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)由各(ge)種儀表(biao)、轉(zhuan)換開(kai)關、按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)和(he)(he)信號燈等(deng)元(yuan)件組(zu)(zu)成。可以根據不同(tong)需要(yao)進行組(zu)(zu)合。

防爆接線箱類

電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中須經電(dian)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)纜與供電(dian)網絡連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)起來，形成系(xi)統來完成其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)功能。但其連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)導線(xian)(xian)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)纜不可能無(wu)限長，而且在連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)過程(cheng)中有(you)很(hen)多地方需要串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)進(jin)行導線(xian)(xian)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。這(zhe)就(jiu)勢(shi)必造(zao)(zao)成接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭部(bu)(bu)分(fen)外(wai)濾，容易(yi)引發事故。防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)箱類產(chan)(chan)品就(jiu)是(shi)為解決這(zhe)類問題(ti)而生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)品，以求進(jin)一步(bu)保證安全生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。這(zhe)類產(chan)(chan)品包括接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)箱、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒、穿線(xian)(xian)盒、吊線(xian)(xian)盒、分(fen)線(xian)(xian)盒等產(chan)(chan)品，其外(wai)殼主要由鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)鋁合金制造(zao)(zao)。根據需要設(she)有(you)很(hen)多進(jin)線(xian)(xian)和出線(xian)(xian)引入(ru)裝(zhuang)置，箱內裝(zhuang)有(you)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子，用(yong)來進(jin)行連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)或(huo)(huo)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之用(yong)。這(zhe)類產(chan)(chan)品大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)制成隔爆(bao)(bao)型(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)增(zeng)安型(xing)(xing)，體積有(you)大有(you)小(xiao)，差(cha)異較(jiao)大，防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)等級(ji)可達ⅡC級(ji)。

防爆燈具類

任何一個工作場(chang)(chang)所(suo)和環境都(dou)必須采取照(zhao)明措施，含有(you)各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸性(xing)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)也不例外。由于其(qi)使用(yong)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)很(hen)多(duo)，遍布各(ge)個生產(chan)角落(luo)，因而(er)使得防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)燈具(ju)類(lei)(lei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)大批量(liang)生產(chan)。這(zhe)類(lei)(lei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)種多(duo)、規格全，但大致(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為照(zhao)明用(yong)、標志用(yong)、信號用(yong)、手提用(yong)等幾種形式，從光(guang)源種類(lei)(lei)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為白熾燈、自鎮(zhen)汞(gong)燈、高(gao)壓納燈，金鹵燈、鏑燈和熒光(guang)燈，從結(jie)構(gou)(gou)上(shang)分(fen)(fen)更加(jia)繁多(duo)，大致(zhi)上(shang)有(you)吊式、掛式、墻壁安裝(zhuang)式、吸頂式、手提式、懸(xuan)臂式等。從安裝(zhuang)角度(du)來(lai)說，防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)燈具(ju)類(lei)(lei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)從30°～90°內都(dou)能實現。從功率來(lai)說，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)從幾十瓦到幾百(bai)瓦。安裝(zhuang)高(gao)度(du)從地面開始到幾米高(gao)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說，防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)燈具(ju)是(shi)所(suo)有(you)防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)氣產(chan)品(pin)(pin)中產(chan)量(liang)最大，使用(yong)最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。而(er)且，由于其(qi)特定(ding)功能，造成了損耗大、更換量(liang)大的(de)(de)(de)局面。這(zhe)類(lei)(lei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形狀各(ge)異，變化很(hen)多(duo)，但從防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)性(xing)能方面來(lai)分(fen)(fen)，基本上(shang)是(shi)隔(ge)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)型(xing)為主，外殼(ke)材(cai)質以(yi)(yi)鑄造鋁合(he)金為多(duo)，基本上(shang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足用(yong)戶(hu)在ⅡC級以(yi)(yi)下場(chang)(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種照(zhao)明和顯示功能的(de)(de)(de)需要。

防爆連接類

防(fang)(fang)爆連(lian)接(jie)件主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)功能(neng)是進行(xing)電(dian)纜連(lian)接(jie)和(he)電(dian)纜分支(zhi)之(zhi)用。其主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)品(pin)為防(fang)(fang)爆插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)銷和(he)防(fang)(fang)爆電(dian)源插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)箱。額定(ding)電(dian)壓為220V～380V，額定(ding)工作電(dian)流最大可達100A，品(pin)種有(you)(you)兩極、三極加(jia)中性線(xian)和(he)接(jie)地線(xian)結構，產(chan)品(pin)外殼(ke)有(you)(you)金屬和(he)塑(su)料(liao)材質制成(cheng)，防(fang)(fang)爆等級(ji)可達ⅡC級(ji)。其內部主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)由接(jie)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)件組成(cheng)，有(you)(you)的產(chan)品(pin)加(jia)裝有(you)(you)帶(dai)斷(duan)點的開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，這個開(kai)(kai)關(guan)與接(jie)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)件之(zhi)間均具有(you)(you)連(lian)鎖功能(neng)，即先斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)后(hou)拔插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，先插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)后(hou)關(guan)合。不(bu)帶(dai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的產(chan)品(pin)也具有(you)(you)先斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)主(zhu)回路后(hou)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)接(jie)地線(xian)，先插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)接(jie)地線(xian)后(hou)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)主(zhu)回路之(zhi)功能(neng)。這都是為保證安全(quan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)操(cao)作。這類產(chan)品(pin)大部分是用手直接(jie)操(cao)作，所以對(dui)其絕緣性能(neng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求一般較高，切不(bu)可忽視(shi)。

防爆風扇類

此類(lei)產品主要包括防(fang)爆吊扇、防(fang)爆排風(feng)扇和防(fang)爆軸流風(feng)機等產品，其(qi)(qi)結構(gou)由防(fang)爆電機、防(fang)爆接線盒和防(fang)爆調速(su)控制器及葉片(pian)組(zu)成(cheng)。其(qi)(qi)額(e)定工作(zuo)電壓一(yi)般至380V，防(fang)爆等級可達(da)ⅡBT4級。

具有發熱功能的防爆電器類

石化企業在(zai)生產過程中經(jing)常需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)些加熱(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣取(qu)暖(nuan)設(she)備(bei)，因(yin)此這類產品(pin)的防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)問題也是(shi)十分重要(yao)(yao)的。主要(yao)(yao)產品(pin)有防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)器(qi)(qi)、防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)加熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。由(you)于防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)控制變壓器(qi)(qi)和(he)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)鎮流器(qi)(qi)等(deng)產品(pin)盡管主要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)不是(shi)獲取(qu)熱(re)(re)能(neng)，但其(qi)在(zai)運行(xing)中也會發(fa)熱(re)(re)，也應引起極大重視，所(suo)以(yi)全(quan)部(bu)劃(hua)入此類產品(pin)中。當然，在(zai)科技飛速發(fa)展的今天，也會出現很多用高(gao)科技材料制成(cheng)的電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)，但其(qi)防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)問題仍不能(neng)忽視。防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)發(fa)熱(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)主要(yao)(yao)元(yuan)件為(wei)繞組、控制器(qi)(qi)和(he)接線(xian)盒等(deng)元(yuan)件組成(cheng)，而且往(wang)往(wang)具有對溫(wen)度進行(xing)控制或(huo)監(jian)視的保護功能(neng)。此類產品(pin)基本上為(wei)隔爆(bao)(bao)型，防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)為(wei)ⅡBT4級(ji)(ji)。

防爆報警電器類

在某(mou)些(xie)生(sheng)產(chan)場合(he)，往往需要一(yi)些(xie)燈光和聲響來提示(shi)人們的行(xing)動，在含有爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)性(xing)危險氣體(ti)的環境中，這類電器就顯(xian)得更(geng)加重要。其主(zhu)(zhu)要產(chan)品有防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)指示(shi)燈、防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電鈐、防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電笛(di)、防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)峰鳴器等產(chan)品，結構(gou)通常為隔爆(bao)(bao)(bao)型，用鑄造鋁(lv)合(he)金制造，防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)等級(ji)可達(da)ⅡCT6級(ji)。其工作電壓可分為直(zhi)36~220V，交流可達(da)380V。防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)接(jie)線盒和防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)殼體(ti)是其主(zhu)(zhu)要結構(gou)件。

防爆電磁鐵類

這類產(chan)品主(zhu)(zhu)要有防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)鐵(tie)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)閥、防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)電(dian)磁(ci)驅動器等產(chan)品。其(qi)工作原理是在電(dian)磁(ci)場作用下，通(tong)(tong)過產(chan)生的電(dian)磁(ci)力來推動機(ji)械設備工作，一般作制(zhi)動用。結構(gou)大(da)部分為隔爆(bao)型，用鑄鋼或鑄鐵(tie)制(zhi)造(zao)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)等級(ji)為ⅡBT6級(ji)。其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要技術參數一般為推力或吸力（以(yi)kg計算）和通(tong)(tong)電(dian)持續率，切(qie)不可長期通(tong)(tong)電(dian)，否則容(rong)易(yi)過熱(re)造(zao)成危險。

防爆其他類

在復(fu)雜的生產過程中(zhong)往(wang)往(wang)會遇(yu)到許多的特(te)殊要求，對(dui)此(ci)需(xu)制(zhi)造出特(te)殊的防(fang)(fang)爆電(dian)器(qi)產品。由于(yu)此(ci)類產品產量(liang)少(shao)，要求特(te)殊，屬(shu)非標準類產品，因此(ci)將(jiang)其(qi)歸納為(wei)防(fang)(fang)爆其(qi)它類。主要有電(dian)工(gong)(gong)儀(yi)表(biao)、溫度變送(song)器(qi)、壓力變送(song)器(qi)、速度變送(song)器(qi)、液位計(ji)、定(ding)量(liang)控制(zhi)儀(yi)、點火裝置、攝像機(ji)等(deng)產品。這些(xie)產品基本(ben)上是以(yi)生產需(xu)要而制(zhi)造的，盡管其(qi)性能要求各不相同(tong)，但(dan)大部分產品為(wei)金屬(shu)制(zhi)作的外殼(ke)，其(qi)型式為(wei)隔爆型或增安型結構，也有很少(shao)一部分產品為(wei)本(ben)質(zhi)安全型產品，其(qi)工(gong)(gong)作電(dian)壓和工(gong)(gong)作電(dian)流一般都比(bi)較低(di)，防(fang)(fang)爆等(deng)級為(wei)ⅡCT6級。

以上將工廠用防爆電器(qi)產品(pin)大致分(fen)為十二大類，以求(qiu)得對這些產品(pin)有一(yi)個(ge)比較清晰的理性認識(shi)。上述分(fen)類可(ke)能有遺漏(lou)或不(bu)全面(mian)的地(di)方。

應當指出(chu)的是：還有(you)一(yi)些產(chan)品(pin)，如變徑接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)、密封接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)、管(guan)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)、活接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)、撓性(xing)連接(jie)管(guan)等產(chan)品(pin)，很多(duo)制造廠將它們也列為防(fang)爆(bao)產(chan)品(pin)，這是一(yi)個錯誤認識。這些產(chan)品(pin)只能(neng)稱(cheng)之為防(fang)爆(bao)電(dian)器產(chan)品(pin)的輔助件(jian)。因此，這里的產(chan)品(pin)分類沒有(you)包括(kuo)這些產(chan)品(pin)。

民用防爆產品

根據(ju)在實際生(sheng)活(huo)中的需要，在民用(yong)上也(ye)需要一(yi)些防(fang)爆(bao)產品(pin)，這類產品(pin)比較(jiao)雜，所以歸(gui)一(yi)為民用(yong)防(fang)爆(bao)產品(pin)，主要有防(fang)爆(bao)三輪車，防(fang)爆(bao)電鉆等。這類產品(pin)要求(qiu)技(ji)術(shu)比較(jiao)高。也(ye)是防(fang)爆(bao)行(xing)業的一(yi)個新起點，和新方向！

3設計特點外殼的設計

便攜式(shi)、本(ben)質安(an)全型儀器儀表的外(wai)殼(ke)有時采(cai)用塑料外(wai)殼(ke)，有時采(cai)用金屬(shu)外(wai)殼(ke)。當選用塑料外(wai)殼(ke)時，為保證塑料外(wai)殼(ke)正常(chang)工作時不積聚危險靜電，其表面(mian)電阻不得超過 1×109Ω。 塑料外(wai)殼(ke)應經過抗(kang)沖(chong)擊試驗(yan)和熱(re)穩定試驗(yan)。

正常(chang)運行產生火花、電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)或(huo)危(wei)險溫度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、功率(lv)大(da)于250W或(huo)電(dian)(dian)流大(da)于5 A的(de)(de)Ⅰ類電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，均須采用接(jie)線盒與設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)主體(ti)進行電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)連接(jie)接(jie)線盒就(jiu)是(shi)專(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)或(huo)導線與電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進行連接(jie)的(de)(de)部件。Ⅰ類隔(ge)爆型電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)廣泛使用的(de)(de)是(shi)隔(ge)爆型接(jie)線。盒接(jie)線盒內(nei)壁應(ying)涂(tu)耐(nai)弧(hu)漆，接(jie)線盒及主體(ti)腔上的(de)(de)隔(ge)爆接(jie)合(he)面應(ying)做防銹(xiu)處理，如涂(tu)防銹(xiu)油等。

另外，對于防爆電器，要在其外殼的明顯處有永久性的 Ex 防爆總標志及 MA 安全標志。
針對某些地方(fang)(fang)煤礦井下存(cun)在的電(dian)機違(wei)章操作現象，我們研(yan)制(zhi)了QF40 型(xing)小(xiao)型(xing)防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)起動器，其額(e)定電(dian)壓380V，額(e)定電(dian)流40A。外(wai)(wai)殼設計(ji)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)主體(ti)腔與接(jie)線(xian)腔。外(wai)(wai)殼為(wei)(wei)(wei) 3 mm 厚鋼板。隔爆(bao)(bao)接(jie)合(he)面的尺寸及(ji)加工(gong)精度(du)符合(he)GB3836.2 規定。外(wai)(wai)殼外(wai)(wai)形尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei) 437 mm×308 mm，外(wai)(wai)殼防(fang)護等(deng)(deng)級為(wei)(wei)(wei) IP54。在外(wai)(wai)殼的正(zheng)前(qian)方(fang)(fang)設有銘牌(pai)，銘牌(pai)右上(shang)(shang)角設有 Ex 標志(zhi)，防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)標志(zhi) dⅠ（150℃）， 此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，銘牌(pai)上(shang)(shang)還標有名稱、型(xing)號、額(e)定電(dian)壓、額(e)定電(dian)流、防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)合(he)格證編號、安全標志(zhi)、出廠編號、制(zhi)造日(ri)期等(deng)(deng)。

電路的設計

首先，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)設計(ji)要完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)功(gong)能，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)原(yuan)理的(de)正確性。其次，防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間隙(xi)、爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)、絕緣(yuan)參數必須符合GB3836的(de)規定要求。例如，研制(zhi) QF40 型防爆起(qi)動器時，將接(jie)(jie)線柱的(de)爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)設計(ji)為不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于16 mm，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間隙(xi)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于10 mm。隔爆腔內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器元件及裝(zhuang)配布(bu)置爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于16 mm，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間隙(xi)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于10 mm。隔爆接(jie)(jie)線腔內(nei)設有內(nei)接(jie)(jie)地螺(luo)栓。外殼設有外接(jie)(jie)地螺(luo)栓。

研(yan)制的(de)(de)本質安全型鋼弦頻率計在正常(chang)工作(zuo)和故障(zhang)狀態下的(de)(de)最(zui)大工作(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)壓(ya)均不大于所設計的(de)(de)最(zui)大允許電(dian)流(liu)(liu)：它(ta)的(de)(de)爬(pa)電(dian)距離為(wei)3 mm，絕緣涂層(ceng)下的(de)(de)爬(pa)電(dian)距離為(wei)1mm，電(dian)氣間(jian)隙(xi)為(wei)3 mm。

電源的設計

本質安(an)(an)全型(xing)便(bian)攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備最(zui)(zui)常用(yong)的(de)獨立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源都屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，可按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)最(zui)(zui)小點燃(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源安(an)(an)全參數。按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓查出相應(ying)最(zui)(zui)小點燃(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，再除(chu)以安(an)(an)全系數值（為(wei)2）， 即為(wei)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)設(she)計允許最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)安(an)(an)全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)嚴重的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)直接(jie)短(duan)路(lu)。因(yin)此，應(ying)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流作為(wei)衡量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源本質安(an)(an)全性(xing)能的(de)基準。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)于設(she)計允許值，必須串加限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。并且，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻膠(jiao)封為(wei)一(yi)體，構成本質安(an)(an)全型(xing)組(zu)件。膠(jiao)封材(cai)料有環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)、硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)、工業石蠟等。

例如，我們(men)在設(she)計(ji)鋼(gang)弦頻率計(ji)時特制的(de)本(ben)安電池組(zu)，由4節5#充電電池串接而成，并(bing)串入一個用康銅絲自制的(de)限流(liu)電阻，其(qi)功(gong)率為5.2 W 。并(bing)用環氧樹脂膠液充滿電池盒(he)整個空間(jian)，灌封牢固。

煤礦井下實際應用(yong)(yong)的本(ben)質(zhi)安全型(xing)電(dian)(dian)氣設備，還有許多采用(yong)(yong)從(cong)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)網(wang)引入經整(zheng)流(liu)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源。由于輸入電(dian)(dian)路與動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)網(wang)關聯，所以，要設計成隔爆(bao)兼本(ben)質(zhi)安全型(xing)。

對于隔(ge)爆(bao)型(xing)電器的電源，是在上級斷電時，在隔(ge)爆(bao)接線盒(he)內(nei)接線，完成電器電源的連通工作。

4類別級別1、爆炸性氣體環境危險區域的劃分

0區：連(lian)續出(chu)現(xian)或長期出(chu)現(xian)爆炸(zha)性(xing)氣體混和物的環境。防(fang)爆電(dian)器 防(fang)爆電(dian)器

1區：在正常運(yun)行(xing)時可能出現爆炸性氣體混(hun)和物的環(huan)境。

2區：在正(zheng)常運行時不可(ke)能出現(xian)爆炸性(xing)氣體(ti)(ti)混和物(wu)的環(huan)境或即使出現(xian)也僅是短時存在的爆炸性(xing)氣體(ti)(ti)混和物(wu)的環(huan)境。

0區一般只存(cun)在于密閉的容器，貯(zhu)罐等內(nei)部氣體空間，在實際設計過程(cheng)中1區也很少(shao)存(cun)在，大多(duo)數情況屬于2區。

2、防(fang)爆電氣(qi)設備分為二類：

Ⅰ類煤礦井下用電(dian)氣設備

Ⅱ類除礦井以外(wai)的場(chang)所使用的電氣設備

3、Ⅱ類(lei)電氣設備，按其適用于(yu)爆(bao)炸性氣體混合物最大試驗(yan)安(an)全間(jian)隙或最小(xiao)點燃電流比，分(fen)為ⅡA、ⅡB、ⅡC三類(lei)；并按其最高表面(mian)溫(wen)度分(fen)為T1～T6六組。

4、爆炸(zha)性氣體(ti)混合(he)物按引燃溫度分組

2.1、隔爆型(xing)電氣設(she)備

具有能承(cheng)受內部(bu)爆炸性氣(qi)體混合物(wu)的(de)爆炸壓力(li)，并阻止(zhi)內部(bu)的(de)爆炸向外(wai)殼(ke)周圍爆炸性混合物(wu)傳播的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備外(wai)殼(ke)的(de)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備，其(qi)標志為“d”。

2.2、增安(an)型電氣設備

在(zai)(zai)正常運行條(tiao)件下不會產生電(dian)弧(hu)、火花或(huo)可(ke)能(neng)點燃爆炸(zha)性混合物的高溫，結構上采取(qu)措施提高安(an)全裕度，以避免在(zai)(zai)正常和認可(ke)的過載條(tiao)件下出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)弧(hu)、火花或(huo)高濕(shi)電(dian)氣設備，其標志為“e”。

3、防爆(bao)原理電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)引燃(ran)(ran)可燃(ran)(ran)性氣(qi)體混合物有(you)兩方(fang)面原因：一個(ge)是電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)產(chan)生的(de)(de)火(huo)花(hua)(hua)、電(dian)(dian)弧、另(ling)一個(ge)是電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)表面(即(ji)與可燃(ran)(ran)性氣(qi)體混合物相接觸的(de)(de)表面)發熱。對于設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)能產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)弧、火(huo)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)部(bu)件放在(zai)(zai)隔爆(bao)外殼內，或(huo)(huo)采(cai)取(qu)澆封(feng)型、充砂型、充油型或(huo)(huo)正壓(ya)型等其(qi)他防爆(bao)型式(shi)就(jiu)可達到(dao)防爆(bao)目的(de)(de)。而對于增安型電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)是對在(zai)(zai)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)弧、火(huo)花(hua)(hua)和(he)危險高(gao)溫的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)其(qi)結構(gou)上(shang)再采(cai)取(qu)一些保(bao)護措施，盡力使設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)認可的(de)(de)過載(zai)條件下不(bu)(bu)會發生電(dian)(dian)弧、火(huo)花(hua)(hua)和(he)過熱現象(xiang)，就(jiu)可進一步提高(gao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)安全性和(he)可靠性。因此這種設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)正常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)沒有(you)引燃(ran)(ran)源，而可用于爆(bao)炸危險環境。

標志舉例

如電氣設(she)備為ⅡB類(lei)隔(ge)爆型T3組，標(biao)志為ExdⅡBT3。

如電氣設備為(wei)Ⅱ類(lei)增安型，溫度組別為(wei)T2組，標志為(wei)ExeⅡT2。

如(ru)電氣設備(bei)采用一種以上的復合型式，則(ze)先標(biao)(biao)(biao)出主(zhu)體防(fang)爆型式，后標(biao)(biao)(biao)出其它防(fang)爆型式，如(ru)主(zhu)體采用增安型內(nei)裝ⅡC類隔爆部(bu)件，溫度組別為T4，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志為ExedⅡCT4。

如電氣設備為粉塵(chen)防爆(bao)防塵(chen)型(xing)T11組。標志為：DIPDPT11。

防爆電器適用范圍：

1．適用于(yu)爆炸(zha)性氣體(ti)環境0區、1區、2區危險場所；

2．適用(yong)于IIA、IIB、IIC級(ji)爆炸性氣體環境；

3．適用于可(ke)燃性粉塵環境20區、21區、22區；

爆炸性氣體環境危險區域的劃分

不同的國(guo)家和(he)地區(qu)，按各(ge)自的標(biao)準劃分(fen)爆(bao)炸危險區(qu)域。我國(guo)根據爆(bao)炸性(xing)(xing)氣體(ti)混(hun)合物出現的頻繁程度和(he)持(chi)續(xu)時間，將爆(bao)炸性(xing)(xing)氣體(ti)環境(jing)分(fen)為O區(qu)、1區(qu)和(he)2區(qu)。（與IEC國(guo)際(ji)電(dian)工(gong)委員會一致）

0區：連(lian)續出(chu)現(xian)或長(chang)期出(chu)現(xian)爆炸性氣體(ti)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)的環(huan)境。

1區(qu)：在(zai)正常運(yun)行時可(ke)能出(chu)現爆炸性氣體混合物的環(huan)境。

2區：在正常運(yun)行(xing)時不可能(neng)出現(xian)爆炸性氣體(ti)(ti)混(hun)合(he)物的(de)環(huan)境或(huo)即使出現(xian)也僅(jin)是短時存在的(de)爆炸性氣體(ti)(ti)混(hun)合(he)物的(de)環(huan)境。

0區一般只存在(zai)于密封的(de)容(rong)器，貯罐等內部(bu)氣體空(kong)間(jian)，在(zai)實(shi)際設計過程中1區也很少(shao)存在(zai)，大多(duo)數情(qing)況屬于2區。

5防爆電器設備分類Ⅰ類煤(mei)礦井(jing)下用電氣設備

Ⅱ類除礦井以外的(de)場(chang)合使用的(de)電(dian)氣設備

1.3Ⅱ類電(dian)氣設備，按其適用于爆炸性氣體混合物最(zui)大試驗(yan)安全間隙或最(zui)小點燃(ran)電(dian)流比，分為ⅡA，ⅡB，ⅡC三類；并(bing)按其最(zui)高(gao)表面溫度分為T1-T6六組。

1.4爆炸性氣體混(hun)合物按引燃溫度分(fen)組，見表(biao)1。

1.5爆炸性(xing)氣(qi)體混合物，按(an)其最大(da)試驗(yan)安全間(jian)隙（MESG）或最小(xiao)點燃電流(liu)比（MICR）分級，見表2。

表1

組別

引燃溫度t(℃)

T1

450<t

T2

300<t≤450

T3

200<t≤300

T4

135<t≤200

T5

100<t≤135

T6

85<t≤100

表2

類別

最大試(shi)驗安全間隙（MESG）（mm）

最小點燃電流比

ⅡA

≥0.9

>0.8

ⅡB

0.5<MESG<0.9

0.45≤MICR≤0.8

ⅡC

≤0.5

<0.45

性質(zhi)：在規(gui)定試驗條件下，氣(qi)體、蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸性混合物的(de)最小點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)與甲烷爆(bao)(bao)炸性混合物的(de)最小點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)比。中國規(gui)定氣(qi)體、蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)危(wei)險物質(zhi)按(an)最小點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)比分(fen)(fen)為ⅡA級(ji)(ji)，ⅡB級(ji)(ji)和ⅡC級(ji)(ji)。最小點(dian)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)比≤1.0，>0.8的(de)為ⅡA級(ji)(ji)；≤0.8，>0.45的(de)為ⅡB級(ji)(ji)；≤0.45的(de)為ⅡC級(ji)(ji)。例如，乙(yi)烷、乙(yi)烯、乙(yi)炔分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為ⅡA級(ji)(ji)，ⅡB級(ji)(ji)，ⅡC級(ji)(ji)危(wei)險物質(zhi)。