一、水性涂料是什么

水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)漆就是以(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稀釋(shi)劑(ji)、不含有(you)機溶劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)，凡是用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)溶劑(ji)或者(zhe)作(zuo)分(fen)(fen)散(san)介質的(de)(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)，都可稱為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)包括水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稀釋(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)散(san)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)（乳膠涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)）3種(zhong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)有(you)很多(duo)優點，比如無毒(du)并且無刺激氣(qi)味，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)它只以(yi)(yi)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)稀釋(shi)劑(ji)，對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)健(jian)康(kang)無害，同時也不污染環境。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)不含有(you)害物(wu)質所以(yi)(yi)不會向(xiang)空氣(qi)中揮(hui)發，因(yin)此也就沒有(you)了易(yi)變黃等缺陷，更(geng)可以(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)保持涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)顏色的(de)(de)(de)歷久彌新。它的(de)(de)(de)儲存(cun)也很方便(bian)，不易(yi)燃，所以(yi)(yi)不像(xiang)油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)漆一樣需要單獨儲存(cun)。它的(de)(de)(de)粉刷也非(fei)常容易(yi)，用(yong)刷子沾取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)均勻涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)抹在墻壁上的(de)(de)(de)話，不會發生起(qi)鼓現象，非(fei)常適用(yong)家庭個人(ren)使用(yong)。

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二、水性涂料有哪些種類

1、水(shui)溶性涂(tu)(tu)料：這類(lei)的(de)(de)水(shui)性涂(tu)(tu)料含有水(shui)容性樹脂(zhi)等(deng)其也類(lei)型的(de)(de)樹脂(zhi)原料，在涂(tu)(tu)刷到墻面后(hou)那些樹脂(zhi)可以形成(cheng)膜層保護墻壁。水(shui)性漆的(de)(de)出現被業界(jie)稱(cheng)為“第三次涂(tu)(tu)料革命”就是(shi)因(yin)為它無敵的(de)(de)環保性能(neng)。

2、水稀釋性涂料：主(zhu)要(yao)含有(you)乳化乳液，以(yi)此來溶(rong)解樹脂(zhi)，在(zai)施工時就直接加水來稀釋以(yi)達(da)到施工的效果。

3、水分散性涂(tu)料：主(zhu)要的原理是以(yi)合成的樹脂為(wei)主(zhu)形成乳液，也就是乳膠涂(tu)料。

三、水性涂料與溶劑型涂料的區別

1、環保性

水性涂(tu)料與溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型涂(tu)料相(xiang)比，一個溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)是(shi)水，一個溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)是(shi)有機(ji)(ji)物，可想(xiang)而(er)知水性涂(tu)料的(de)(de)環保性能(neng)更佳，可以(yi)達到零(ling)甲醛揮(hui)發，而(er)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型涂(tu)料在施工過程中會造成有機(ji)(ji)物揮(hui)發，嚴重危(wei)害環境(jing)和(he)人(ren)們的(de)(de)健康(kang)。由此國家大(da)力提倡環保事業，水性涂(tu)料得(de)到了(le)快速的(de)(de)發展。

2、應用性

水(shui)性(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)嚴格控(kong)制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境的(de)溫(wen)度、濕度和基層(ceng)(ceng)含(han)(han)水(shui)率，比(bi)如水(shui)性(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)一般(ban)要(yao)(yao)求在5℃以(yi)(yi)上施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)在0℃也可以(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)；水(shui)性(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)基層(ceng)(ceng)含(han)(han)水(shui)率應(ying)(ying)小于10％，溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)基層(ceng)(ceng)含(han)(han)水(shui)率應(ying)(ying)小于8％。在一些(xie)條件(jian)苛刻的(de)環境下，無法獲得優(you)質(zhi)涂(tu)(tu)膜。而(er)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)可以(yi)(yi)隨著施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)地(di)點施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境調整溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)的(de)配(pei)比(bi)，從而(er)達(da)到一個(ge)理想的(de)涂(tu)(tu)膜狀態，因為客觀需(xu)求和功(gong)能需(xu)要(yao)(yao)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)仍然占有一部(bu)分市場，所以(yi)(yi)從應(ying)(ying)用性(xing)(xing)來說溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)型(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)還是比(bi)較占優(you)勢一些(xie)。

3、安全性

水(shui)(shui)性涂料以水(shui)(shui)做(zuo)溶劑(ji)，消除了生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)施工時的(de)火災危險性，改善了作業環境，在安全(quan)性上占據優勢。而溶劑(ji)型涂料在生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)中(zhong)由于其含有有機(ji)溶劑(ji)中(zhong)的(de)揮發物質在生(sheng)(sheng)產、儲存，以及運輸過程(cheng)中(zhong)極易造成(cheng)爆(bao)炸(zha)和火災的(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)。所以從安全(quan)性上來說水(shui)(shui)性涂料強于溶劑(ji)型涂料。

4、物理性能

從(cong)涂(tu)膜的物理化(hua)(hua)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能上講，水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)料(liao)的某(mou)些(xie)物理化(hua)(hua)學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能不及溶劑型涂(tu)料(liao)，如耐(nai)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)沾污性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等。因此水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)料(liao)的使(shi)(shi)用年(nian)(nian)限沒有溶劑型涂(tu)料(liao)長(chang)。但水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)料(liao)也有一些(xie)高檔(dang)次產品(pin)：如水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)硅丙涂(tu)料(liao)、氟碳涂(tu)料(liao)等，使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)也可(ke)達到10一15年(nian)(nian)左右。