【LED臺(tai)燈(deng)電(dian)路圖(tu)】led充電(dian)臺(tai)燈(deng)電(dian)路圖(tu) LED臺(tai)燈(deng)工作原理(li)

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除去(qu)燈(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)及燈(deng)座中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板;準(zhun)備兩塊(kuai)敷銅板，一塊(kuai)裝串接的(de)(de)(de)(de)88只發光管(guan)(guan)(guan)，一塊(kuai)裝整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件，尺(chi)寸依實際情況(kuang)而定(ding);采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全波(bo)倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換成單向脈動性直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過程，整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)主(zhu)要由整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)組成。經過整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已經不是交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而是一種含有直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，習慣(guan)上稱單向脈動性直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。)為發光管(guan)(guan)(guan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(如附圖)。兩只0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)既是全波(bo)倍壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件，又有限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)選耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)400V以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用(yong)(yong)0.25W的(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板用(yong)(yong)刀(dao)刻而成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)位置(zhi)鉆Φlmm焊接孔(kong)。

元(yuan)件(jian)焊好后，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作假負載，測試整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上(shang)應(ying)有280V左右的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，此時除電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)外，其(qi)他元(yuan)件(jian)不(bu)應(ying)發熱。一(yi)切正常后接人燈(deng)板，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，88只發光管(guan)應(ying)正常發光。最后，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板和(he)燈(deng)板分(fen)別固定(ding)在底(di)座和(he)燈(deng)罩上(shang)。該臺燈(deng)亮(liang)(liang)度不(bu)及原燈(deng)，且照亮(liang)(liang)面積偏小，但(dan)看書(shu)寫字尚可，點亮(liang)(liang)一(yi)段時間后燈(deng)板溫度升高，但(dan)比熒光燈(deng)管(guan)溫度低得多。測量(liang)負載回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約(yue)(yue)18mA，燈(deng)板兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓約(yue)(yue)280V，計算其(qi)功耗約(yue)(yue)5W。

制(zhi)作(zuo)時要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意，焊(han)接不(bu)(bu)得有虛焊(han)，LED要(yao)(yao)逐只測試且極性(xing)不(bu)(bu)得焊(han)錯;電(dian)(dian)源進(jin)線(xian)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)于200mA的保險(xian)管;斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)有高(gao)壓要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意安全;電(dian)(dian)路不(bu)(bu)可斷(duan)開負載，否(fou)則600V左右的電(dian)(dian)壓可能(neng)損壞(huai)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵循安全第一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)理念，LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)是一(yi)種低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發光(guang)(guang)器(qi)件，不能(neng)(neng)用100-220V 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接點亮，因此，LED 臺燈方案設計(ji)思路，首(shou)先(xian)要將高壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變換成低壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，才能(neng)(neng)點亮LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)。使用最(zui)經濟(ji)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)進行交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變換是設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要考(kao)慮(lv)，今便(bian)攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品使用交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)變換器(qi)--適(shi)(shi)配(pei)器(qi)（Adapter）就成了既經濟(ji)實惠(hui)、又現(xian)成、好用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)選。適(shi)(shi)配(pei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要求穩定在DC12V，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)要根據LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)來選擇(ze)，一(yi)般要給予(yu)30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余量，以3X1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)為例，1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應為350mA，因而(er)3 個LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)串聯其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也是350mA，考(kao)慮(lv)到延長LED 壽(shou)命和(he)(he)降(jiang)(jiang)低光(guang)(guang)衰，可以設計(ji)為300mA--330mA，不會明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響LED 發光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮度，所以適(shi)(shi)配(pei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應選750mA--1A 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)一(yi)(yi)種簡潔(jie)實用的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案如圖1 所示。AC220V 經(jing)由適配器在燈(deng)具外的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)降壓變(bian)換，向LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)提供穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V 直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，在臺(tai)燈(deng)底座殼內(nei)安置(zhi)恒流(liu)源電(dian)(dian)源板，將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)換成(cheng)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源，以滿(man)足(zu)LED 光源發光的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術要求。在直(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源前(qian)可(ke)加一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)，以便在臺(tai)燈(deng)不(bu)用時(shi)可(ke)關(guan)斷直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，但不(bu)能關(guan)斷220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，因此(ci)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)用時(shi)應從墻上取下適配器的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源插頭，這也是(shi)這個(ge)實用方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)“缺(que)點(dian)”。如不(bu)想采用機械開(kai)關(guan)，和(he)想要一(yi)(yi)個(ge)更(geng)有創(chuang)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)賣點(dian)，可(ke)選用電(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸(chu)摸開(kai)關(guan)，如手指輕點(dian)可(ke)實現臺(tai)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)->全(quan)亮(liang)、半(ban)暗、關(guan)；由于電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速進步，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸(chu)摸開(kai)關(guan)如今已是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)低成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器件。