【LED臺(tai)燈(deng)電路圖】led充電臺(tai)燈(deng)電路圖 LED臺(tai)燈(deng)工(gong)作原理

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除去燈管(guan)及(ji)燈座中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板;準備兩塊敷(fu)銅板，一塊裝(zhuang)串接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)88只(zhi)發(fa)光(guang)管(guan)，一塊裝(zhuang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)，尺(chi)寸(cun)依(yi)實際情況而定;采用(yong)(yong)全波(bo)倍壓(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)輸出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成(cheng)單向脈(mo)動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)程，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主要由整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)二極管(guan)組成(cheng)。經過(guo)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)之后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已經不是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，而是(shi)一種含有(you)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，習(xi)慣上(shang)稱單向脈(mo)動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。)為發(fa)光(guang)管(guan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(如附圖(tu))。兩只(zhi)0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容既是(shi)全波(bo)倍壓(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)，又有(you)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容選耐壓(ya)400V以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用(yong)(yong)0.25W的(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)簡單，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板用(yong)(yong)刀刻(ke)而成(cheng)，管(guan)腳位置鉆Φlmm焊(han)接(jie)孔。

元件焊好后(hou)，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)阻作假負載，測試(shi)整流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，電(dian)(dian)阻上應有280V左右的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，此時除電(dian)(dian)阻外，其他元件不(bu)應發(fa)熱。一切(qie)正(zheng)(zheng)常后(hou)接人(ren)燈(deng)(deng)板(ban)，通電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，88只發(fa)光(guang)管(guan)應正(zheng)(zheng)常發(fa)光(guang)。最后(hou)，將電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)和(he)燈(deng)(deng)板(ban)分(fen)別固定(ding)在底座和(he)燈(deng)(deng)罩上。該(gai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)亮度(du)不(bu)及原(yuan)燈(deng)(deng)，且照亮面積(ji)偏小，但看書寫字尚可，點亮一段時間后(hou)燈(deng)(deng)板(ban)溫(wen)度(du)升高，但比熒光(guang)燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)溫(wen)度(du)低得多。測量負載回路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流約18mA，燈(deng)(deng)板(ban)兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約280V，計(ji)算其功(gong)耗約5W。

制作時要注(zhu)意(yi)，焊接不(bu)得有(you)虛(xu)焊，LED要逐只測試(shi)且極性不(bu)得焊錯(cuo);電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進線要加裝電(dian)(dian)流小于200mA的保險(xian)管;斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后電(dian)(dian)容元(yuan)件(jian)有(you)高壓要注(zhu)意(yi)安全;電(dian)(dian)路不(bu)可斷(duan)開負載，否則600V左右的電(dian)(dian)壓可能(neng)損壞元(yuan)件(jian)。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵循安全第一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)民用電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)理念，LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)是一(yi)種低電(dian)壓(ya)直流(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發光(guang)(guang)器(qi)件，不(bu)能用100-220V 的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)電(dian)直接(jie)點亮(liang)(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)，LED 臺(tai)燈方案設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)思(si)路(lu)，首先要(yao)將高壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)低壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，才(cai)能點亮(liang)(liang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)。使用最經濟(ji)(ji)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)方法降(jiang)壓(ya)和進行交(jiao)(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)是設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)，今便攜式電(dian)產(chan)品使用交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)降(jiang)壓(ya)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)--適配器(qi)（Adapter）就成(cheng)了既經濟(ji)(ji)實惠、又現成(cheng)、好用的(de)(de)(de)首選(xuan)。適配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)要(yao)求穩定(ding)在DC12V，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)要(yao)根據LED 的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率來選(xuan)擇，一(yi)般要(yao)給予(yu)30%的(de)(de)(de)余量，以(yi)3X1W 的(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)為例(li)，1W 的(de)(de)(de)白光(guang)(guang)LED 的(de)(de)(de)標準工作電(dian)流(liu)(liu)應為350mA，因(yin)而3 個LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)聯其電(dian)路(lu)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)也(ye)是350mA，考(kao)慮(lv)到延長LED 壽命和降(jiang)低光(guang)(guang)衰，可以(yi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)為300mA--330mA，不(bu)會明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)影響LED 發光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)亮(liang)(liang)度，所(suo)以(yi)適配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)應選(xuan)750mA--1A 的(de)(de)(de)。

LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)一種簡潔實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案如(ru)圖1 所(suo)示。AC220V 經由適配(pei)器(qi)在(zai)燈(deng)(deng)具外的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全降壓變換(huan)，向LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)提供穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)12V 直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)底座(zuo)殼內安置恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板(ban)，將直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變換(huan)成穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)，以(yi)滿足LED 光(guang)源(yuan)發光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術要求。在(zai)直(zhi)流(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)源(yuan)前可加一電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開關(guan)，以(yi)便在(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)時可關(guan)斷(duan)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)能關(guan)斷(duan)220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，因此真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)時應從墻上取下(xia)適配(pei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插頭，這也是這個實(shi)用(yong)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一“缺(que)點”。如(ru)不(bu)(bu)想采(cai)用(yong)機(ji)械(xie)開關(guan)，和想要一個更有創意的(de)(de)(de)(de)賣(mai)點，可選用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)觸摸(mo)開關(guan)，如(ru)手指(zhi)輕(qing)點可實(shi)現臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開->全亮、半(ban)暗、關(guan)；由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速進步(bu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)觸摸(mo)開關(guan)如(ru)今已是一個低成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)件。