【LED臺(tai)燈(deng)電路圖】led充(chong)電臺(tai)燈(deng)電路圖 LED臺(tai)燈(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)原理

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除去燈管(guan)及燈座(zuo)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban);準備兩(liang)塊敷銅(tong)板(ban)，一塊裝串接(jie)的(de)88只發(fa)光管(guan)，一塊裝整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件，尺(chi)寸依實際情(qing)況而(er)(er)定(ding);采用全波(bo)倍(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)作用是將(jiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較低的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換成單(dan)向脈動性(xing)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就(jiu)是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)過程(cheng)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要由整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)二極管(guan)組(zu)成。經過整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已經不是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)(er)是一種(zhong)含有直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，習慣上稱單(dan)向脈動性(xing)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。)為發(fa)光管(guan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(如附圖)。兩(liang)只0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容既是全波(bo)倍(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件，又(you)有限流(liu)(liu)作用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容選(xuan)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)400V以上的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用0.25W的(de)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡(jian)單(dan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)用刀刻而(er)(er)成，管(guan)腳位置鉆Φlmm焊接(jie)孔。

元件(jian)焊好后(hou)，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作假負(fu)載(zai)，測試(shi)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上應(ying)有280V左右的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，此時除電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻外，其(qi)他元件(jian)不應(ying)發(fa)熱。一(yi)(yi)切正常后(hou)接人(ren)燈板(ban)(ban)(ban)，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，88只發(fa)光(guang)管(guan)應(ying)正常發(fa)光(guang)。最后(hou)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)燈板(ban)(ban)(ban)分別固定在底座和(he)燈罩(zhao)上。該臺燈亮度不及原燈，且照(zhao)亮面積偏小，但看書寫字尚可，點亮一(yi)(yi)段時間后(hou)燈板(ban)(ban)(ban)溫度升高，但比(bi)熒光(guang)燈管(guan)溫度低得多(duo)。測量負(fu)載(zai)回路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約(yue)18mA，燈板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約(yue)280V，計算其(qi)功耗(hao)約(yue)5W。

制作時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意，焊(han)接不(bu)(bu)得(de)有虛焊(han)，LED要(yao)逐只測試且極(ji)性不(bu)(bu)得(de)焊(han)錯;電(dian)源進線要(yao)加裝電(dian)流小于(yu)200mA的保(bao)險管;斷(duan)電(dian)后電(dian)容元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)有高壓(ya)要(yao)注(zhu)意安全;電(dian)路不(bu)(bu)可斷(duan)開負載(zai)，否則600V左右的電(dian)壓(ya)可能損壞(huai)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵循(xun)安全第一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計理念(nian)，LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)是一(yi)種低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發光(guang)(guang)器(qi)件，不能(neng)用(yong)100-220V 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接點亮(liang)，因(yin)此，LED 臺燈方(fang)案設(she)(she)計思路(lu)，首(shou)先要(yao)將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)換(huan)成低(di)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，才能(neng)點亮(liang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)。使用(yong)最經濟有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法降壓(ya)(ya)和進行交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)換(huan)是設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)考慮(lv)，今(jin)便攜式電(dian)(dian)產(chan)品使用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)換(huan)器(qi)--適配(pei)器(qi)（Adapter）就(jiu)成了(le)既(ji)經濟實惠、又現成、好用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)選。適配(pei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要(yao)求穩定在DC12V，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)要(yao)根據LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率來選擇，一(yi)般要(yao)給予30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余量(liang)，以3X1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)光(guang)(guang)LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)為例，1W 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)光(guang)(guang)LED 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準工作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應為350mA，因(yin)而3 個LED 光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)串聯其電(dian)(dian)路(lu)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也是350mA，考慮(lv)到(dao)延長LED 壽命和降低(di)光(guang)(guang)衰，可(ke)以設(she)(she)計為300mA--330mA，不會明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響LED 發光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亮(liang)度，所以適配(pei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應選750mA--1A 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

LED 臺(tai)(tai)燈(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)種簡潔(jie)實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)方案如圖1 所示。AC220V 經由適配器(qi)(qi)(qi)在燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)外(wai)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)降壓(ya)變換(huan)，向(xiang)LED 臺(tai)(tai)燈(deng)(deng)提(ti)供穩定的(de)(de)12V 直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在臺(tai)(tai)燈(deng)(deng)底座殼內安(an)置恒流(liu)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)板，將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變換(huan)成穩定的(de)(de)直流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)，以滿足LED 光源(yuan)發光的(de)(de)技術要求。在直流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)前(qian)可(ke)(ke)加一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開關(guan)，以便在臺(tai)(tai)燈(deng)(deng)不用(yong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，但不能關(guan)斷(duan)(duan)220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，因此真的(de)(de)不用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)從墻(qiang)上取下適配器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插頭，這(zhe)也是這(zhe)個實(shi)用(yong)方案的(de)(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)“缺(que)點(dian)”。如不想(xiang)采用(yong)機械開關(guan)，和想(xiang)要一(yi)(yi)個更有創意的(de)(de)賣點(dian)，可(ke)(ke)選用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸(chu)摸開關(guan)，如手指輕(qing)點(dian)可(ke)(ke)實(shi)現臺(tai)(tai)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)開->全(quan)亮、半暗、關(guan)；由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術的(de)(de)快速進步，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸(chu)摸開關(guan)如今已是一(yi)(yi)個低成本的(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)。