開關電源是利用(yong)現代電(dian)力電(dian)子技術,控制開(kai)(kai)關(guan)晶(jing)體管(guan)開(kai)(kai)通和關(guan)斷的時間(jian)比率(lv),維持穩定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)的一種電(dian)源(yuan)。廣泛運(yun)用(yong)在工業、軍事、科研、通訊、醫療及多種家用(yong)電(dian)器中。開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)的發(fa)展(zhan)與應用(yong)在節約能源(yuan)、節約資源(yuan)及保護環境方面(mian)都具有(you)重要的意義。下(xia)面(mian)我們就來看看開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路圖與維修技巧。
開關電(dian)(dian)源的(de)主要電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)由輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)磁干擾濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器(EMI)、整(zheng)流濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、功(gong)率變換電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、PWM控制器電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)整(zheng)流濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)組成。輔助(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)有輸(shu)入過欠壓保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)過欠壓保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)過流保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等。
通電(dian)(dian)后觀察電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)否有燒保險(xian)及個別元件冒(mao)煙等現象,若有要及時切(qie)斷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)進(jin)行(xing)檢修。
測量高壓濾波電容(rong)兩端有無300伏(fu)輸出,若無應重點查整(zheng)流二極管、濾波電容(rong)等。
測(ce)量高頻變壓器次級線圈有無輸出,若(ruo)無應(ying)重點(dian)查(cha)開(kai)關管(guan)是(shi)否損壞,是(shi)否起振,保護電路是(shi)否動(dong)作等(deng),若(ruo)有則應(ying)重點(dian)檢查(cha)各(ge)輸出側(ce)的整(zheng)流(liu)二極(ji)管(guan)、濾波(bo)電容、三通(tong)穩(wen)壓管(guan)等(deng)。
如果(guo)電源啟動一下就停止,則該電源處(chu)于保(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀態下,可直接測量(liang)PWM芯片保(bao)(bao)護(hu)輸入腳的電壓(ya),如果(guo)電壓(ya)超出規定(ding)值,則說明電源處(chu)于保(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀態下,應(ying)重點(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)產生保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的原(yuan)因。
總之,開關(guan)電源(yuan)電路有易有難,功率有大有小,輸出電壓多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣。只要按照上述(shu)維修技巧,多(duo)動手進行(xing)開關(guan)電源(yuan)的維修,就能迅速地排(pai)除開關(guan)電源(yuan)故障(zhang),達到事半功倍的效果。
看(kan):打開電源的(de)外殼(ke),檢查(cha)保險(xian)絲(si)是否熔斷,再(zai)觀察(cha)電源的(de)內部(bu)情況,如(ru)果發現(xian)電源的(de)PCB板上有燒焦處(chu)或元件破裂,則(ze)應重點檢查(cha)此處(chu)元件及相關電路元件。
聞(wen):聞(wen)一下電源(yuan)內(nei)部是(shi)否有(you)糊(hu)味,檢查(cha)是(shi)否有(you)燒焦的元器件。
問:問一下電源損壞的經(jing)過,是否對電源進行違規操作。
量(liang)(liang):沒通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前,用(yong)萬用(yong)表量(liang)(liang)一下高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓先。如果是開(kai)(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)起振或(huo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關管開(kai)(kai)(kai)路引起的(de)故障,則大多數(shu)情況下,高壓濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓未泄放悼(dao),用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量(liang)(liang)AC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線兩(liang)端的(de)正反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)不(bu)應(ying)過低,否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內部可能存在短路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器應(ying)能充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。脫(tuo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)負(fu)載(zai),分別測量(liang)(liang)各組輸出(chu)端的(de)對地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),正常時,表針應(ying)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擺動,最后指示的(de)應(ying)為該(gai)路的(de)泄放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)。
一般情況下,保險絲(si)熔(rong)斷(duan)說明開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)存(cun)在短路(lu)或過流的(de)故障。由于開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源工作在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)狀(zhuang)態下,直(zhi)流濾波和變換振蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)在高壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態工作時間太(tai)長,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變化(hua)相對大。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)波動(dong),浪(lang)涌(yong)都會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流瞬(shun)間增大而(er)使保險絲(si)熔(rong)斷(duan)。重點應(ying)檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)入(ru)端(duan)的(de)整流二極管,高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容,開關(guan)功率管,UC3842本身及外圍元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)等(deng)。檢(jian)查一下這些元(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)有無擊穿,開路(lu),損(sun)壞,燒焦,炸裂等(deng)現象。
維修方法:首先(xian)仔(zi)細查看電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)各(ge)個元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian),看是(shi)否(fou)在(zai)這些元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)外表有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)被燒(shao)(shao)糊,有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)溢出(chu),聞一(yi)(yi)(yi)聞有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)異味。經看,聞之后,再用萬(wan)用表進(jin)行檢查。首先(xian)測(ce)(ce)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)入端(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值,若小于(yu)200K,則(ze)說明后端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)局部短(duan)路現(xian)象,然(ran)(ran)后分別測(ce)(ce)量四只整流(liu)二極(ji)管(guan)正(zheng)(zheng),反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和兩個限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值,看其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無短(duan)路或燒(shao)(shao)壞(huai)(huai)(huai);然(ran)(ran)后再測(ce)(ce)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容是(shi)否(fou)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)行正(zheng)(zheng)常充放電(dian)(dian)(dian),再就(jiu)測(ce)(ce)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)下開(kai)關功(gong)率管(guan)是(shi)否(fou)擊(ji)穿損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)(huai),以及UC3842本(ben)身,及周圍元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)否(fou)擊(ji)穿,燒(shao)(shao)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)等。需要說明的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)是(shi):因是(shi)在(zai)路測(ce)(ce)量,有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)使(shi)測(ce)(ce)量結果有(you)(you)(you)(you)誤,造成誤判。因此(ci)必要時可(ke)把元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)焊下來再進(jin)行測(ce)(ce)量。如果仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)述情況則(ze)測(ce)(ce)量一(yi)(yi)(yi)下輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線及輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線是(shi)否(fou)內部短(duan)路。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般情況下,熔斷器(qi)熔斷故障(zhang),整流(liu)二極(ji)管(guan),電(dian)(dian)(dian)源濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容,開(kai)關功(gong)率管(guan),UC3842是(shi)易(yi)(yi)損(sun)件(jian)(jian)(jian),損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)(huai)的(de)(de)概率可(ke)達95%以上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般著(zhu)重(zhong)檢查一(yi)(yi)(yi)下這些元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian),就(jiu)可(ke)很容易(yi)(yi)排除此(ci)類故障(zhang)。
如果(guo)保(bao)險絲是(shi)完好的(de),在有負(fu)載的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,各級直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓無輸出。這種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)主要是(shi)以下原因造成(cheng)的(de):電(dian)源中(zhong)出現開路(lu)(lu),短路(lu)(lu)現象(xiang),過(guo)壓,過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護電(dian)路(lu)(lu)出現故障,振蕩電(dian)路(lu)(lu)沒有工作,電(dian)源負(fu)載過(guo)重,高(gao)頻(pin)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)二極管被擊穿(chuan),濾波電(dian)容漏(lou)電(dian)等。
維修方法:首(shou)先,用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表測(ce)量(liang)一下高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻變壓器次(ci)級的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個元(yuan)器件(jian)是否(fou)有損壞(huai)(huai)。在排除了高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻整流二(er)極(ji)管擊(ji)穿、負(fu)載(zai)短路的(de)(de)(de)情況后(hou),然(ran)后(hou)在測(ce)量(liang)各(ge)輸(shu)(shu)出端的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)壓,如(ru)果這時(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出仍為(wei)零,則可以肯定是電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)路出了故障(zhang)。控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)部分是集成開關電(dian)源控(kong)(kong)制器和過(guo)壓保護(hu)電(dian)路。最(zui)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表靜態測(ce)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻濾(lv)波電(dian)路中整流二(er)極(ji)管及(ji)低壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容是否(fou)損壞(huai)(huai)。如(ru)果確實相關的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)損壞(huai)(huai),在更換好(hao)新的(de)(de)(de)完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)后(hou),開機(ji)測(ce)試,一般故障(zhang)即可排除。需(xu)要說(shuo)明的(de)(de)(de)是:電(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)出線斷(duan)線或開焊(han),虛(xu)焊(han)也會(hui)造成這種故障(zhang)。在維修時(shi)應(ying)注意這一點。
電源(yuan)負載能(neng)力差是一(yi)個常見的(de)故障(zhang),一(yi)般(ban)都是出現在老(lao)(lao)式或是工作(zuo)時間(jian)長(chang)的(de)電源(yuan)中,主要原(yuan)因(yin)是各元器件老(lao)(lao)化(hua),開關管的(de)工作(zuo)不(bu)穩定,沒有(you)及時進行散熱等(deng)(deng)。此外還有(you)穩壓(ya)二極(ji)管發熱漏電,整流二極(ji)管損(sun)壞等(deng)(deng)。
維修方法:用(yong)萬用(yong)表著重檢(jian)查一(yi)下(xia)穩壓(ya)二極管,高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電容,限流電阻有無變(bian)質等再(zai)仔細檢(jian)查一(yi)下(xia)電路板上的(de)所有焊(han)(han)點是否開(kai)焊(han)(han),虛接等。把開(kai)焊(han)(han)的(de)焊(han)(han)點重新焊(han)(han)牢(lao),更換(huan)變(bian)質的(de)元器件(jian),一(yi)般(ban)故障即可(ke)排除。
這種(zhong)現(xian)象說明開關電(dian)源(yuan)未工(gong)作,或者(zhe)工(gong)作后進(jin)入了保(bao)護(hu)狀態(tai)。
維修方法(fa):首先應(ying)判斷一下開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的主控芯(xin)片UC3842是(shi)否(fou)處在(zai)工作狀態或(huo)已經損(sun)壞(huai)。判斷方法(fa)是(shi)這樣的:加電(dian)(dian)(dian)測UC3842的第7腳(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,若(ruo)測第8腳(jiao)(jiao)有(you)(you)+5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,1,2,4,6腳(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)有(you)(you)不(bu)同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,則(ze)說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)路已起振,UC3842基本正(zheng)常(chang);若(ruo)7腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低,其余管(guan)(guan)腳(jiao)(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)不(bu)波(bo)動,則(ze)UC3842已損(sun)壞(huai)。UC3842芯(xin)片損(sun)壞(huai)最常(chang)見(jian)的是(shi)6,7腳(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地擊穿(chuan),5,7腳(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地擊穿(chuan)和1,7腳(jiao)(jiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地擊穿(chuan)。如果(guo)這幾只腳(jiao)(jiao)都為擊穿(chuan),而開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源還是(shi)不(bu)能正(zheng)常(chang)啟動,則(ze)UC3842必壞(huai),應(ying)直接更換。若(ruo)判斷芯(xin)片未壞(huai),則(ze)就(jiu)著重檢查開關功(gong)(gong)率管(guan)(guan)的柵(zha)極(G極)的限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)否(fou)開焊,虛接,變值,變質以(yi)及開關功(gong)(gong)率管(guan)(guan)本身是(shi)否(fou)性能不(bu)良。除此之外,電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出線(xian)也(ye)有(you)(you)可能斷線(xian)或(huo)接觸不(bu)良也(ye)會造成這種故障。因此在(zai)維修時也(ye)應(ying)注意檢查一下。
這種故(gu)障往往來(lai)自于穩壓取樣和穩壓控制(zhi)電路出(chu)(chu)現故(gu)障所致(zhi)。在開關(guan)電源中(zhong),直流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)、取樣電阻、誤差取樣放大器(如LM324,LM358等)、光耦合器(PC817)、電源控制(zhi)芯片(UC3842)等電路共同構成了(le)一(yi)個(ge)閉合的控制(zhi)環路,任何一(yi)處出(chu)(chu)問題都(dou)會導致(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電壓升高。
維修(xiu)方法(fa)(fa):由于(yu)開關電源中(zhong)有過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路,輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)首先(xian)會(hui)使(shi)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路動作。因此對于(yu)這種故障的(de)維修(xiu),我(wo)們(men)可以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)斷開過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路,使(shi)過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電路不起作用(yong),在這時,測量開機瞬間(jian)(jian)的(de)電源主(zhu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。如果測量值比(bi)正常(chang)值高(gao)出IV以上,說明輸出電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)。我(wo)們(men)應著重(zhong)檢查(cha)取樣電阻是否(fou)變(bian)值或(huo)損(sun)壞(huai),精密穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(TL431)或(huo)光耦合器(PC817)性能不良(liang),變(bian)質或(huo)損(sun)壞(huai);其中(zhong)精密穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(TL431)極易損(sun)壞(huai),我(wo)們(men)可用(yong)下述方法(fa)(fa)對精密穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(TL431)作出好(hao)壞(huai)的(de)判別:將TL431的(de)參考端(Ref)與它的(de)陰(yin)極(Cathode)相連,串10k的(de)電阻,接入5V電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),若陽極(Anode)與陰(yin)極之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)2、5V,并且等待片(pian)刻(ke)還仍然為(wei)2、5V,則(ze)為(wei)好(hao)管(guan),否(fou)則(ze)為(wei)壞(huai)管(guan)。
對于這種故障現象,根據維修經驗可知,除穩壓控制電路會引(yin)起輸出(chu)電壓過(guo)低外,還(huan)有一些(xie)原因會引(yin)起輸出(chu)電壓過(guo)低,主(zhu)要(yao)有以下幾點:
① 開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)有短路(lu)(lu)故障。此(ci)時,應斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的所有負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai),以區分是(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)還是(shi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故障。若斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓輸出(chu)正常,說明是(shi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)(zai)過重;若仍不正常,說明開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故障。
② 輸出電(dian)壓端(duan)整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)極管、濾波電(dian)容失效等,可以通過(guo)代換法進(jin)行判斷。
③ 開關功率管的性(xing)能(neng)下降,必然導(dao)致開關管不(bu)能(neng)正常導(dao)通,使電(dian)源的內阻增加,帶(dai)負載能(neng)力下降。
④ 開關(guan)功率管的(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)極(ji)(S極(ji)),通常接(jie)一(yi)(yi)個阻(zu)值很小,但功率很大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu),作為過流保(bao)護檢測(ce)電(dian)阻(zu),此(ci)(ci)電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)0.2到0.8之間(jian)。此(ci)(ci)電(dian)阻(zu)如(ru)變值或(huo)開焊,接(jie)觸不良也會造成輸(shu)出電(dian)壓過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)故障。
高頻變壓(ya)器不良,不但(dan)造(zao)成(cheng)輸(shu)出電壓(ya)下(xia)降,還會造(zao)成(cheng)開(kai)關功率(lv)管激(ji)勵不足(zu)從而屢損開(kai)關管。
⑤ 高壓直流濾(lv)波電(dian)容不良,造成(cheng)電(dian)源帶負載(zai)能(neng)力差(cha),一接負載(zai)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓便下降(jiang)。
⑥ 電(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)線接觸(chu)(chu)不良,有一定的接觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)阻(zu),造成(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓過低。
⑦ 電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)是否過低(di)。雖(sui)然開關電(dian)源在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)下仍然可以輸出額定(ding)的電(dian)壓(ya)值,但(dan)當電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于開關電(dian)源的最低(di)電(dian)壓(ya)限定(ding)值時,也會使輸出電(dian)壓(ya)過低(di)。
維修方(fang)法:對于(yu)這種故障(zhang)我(wo)(wo)們可以根據以上故障(zhang)原因(yin)(yin),來(lai)逐一(yi)(yi)進行排查(cha)(cha)。但在實際(ji)維修時,可根據實際(ji)情況來(lai)進行排查(cha)(cha),不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)逐一(yi)(yi)排查(cha)(cha)。首先用(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)下高(gao)壓直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是否變質,容(rong)(rong)量是否下降(jiang),能(neng)否正常充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如無(wu)以上現象(xiang),則測量一(yi)(yi)下開(kai)關功率管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柵極(ji)(ji)(G極(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)以及源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(S極(ji)(ji))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過流(liu)(liu)保護檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是否變值(zhi)(zhi),變質或(huo)(huo)開(kai)焊(han)(han),接觸不(bu)(bu)良。經(jing)判(pan)別后,若無(wu)問(wen)題,我(wo)(wo)們就檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)下高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵芯是否完好無(wu)損(sun)。因(yin)(yin)在日常生活使用(yong)(yong)中,不(bu)(bu)可避免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重摔(shuai)或(huo)(huo)重幢,使高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵芯損(sun)壞(huai)。使高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁通量,磁感(gan)應強度(du),以及磁路等都會(hui)受到很(hen)(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,造成(cheng)傳輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率,能(neng)量將(jiang)會(hui)大打折扣。由于(yu)高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器為(wei)了減(jian)小渦流(liu)(liu),增大高(gao)頻(pin)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸效率,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵芯是用(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)磁鐵氧體制作而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種磁性材料具有(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)磁率,但質脆,易(yi)碎。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)率也是很(hen)(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)在維修時千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)忘了檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)此(ci)處,以免走彎(wan)路。除此(ci)之外還有(you)可能(neng)就是輸出(chu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)量降(jiang)低,甚至失(shi)容(rong)(rong)或(huo)(huo)開(kai)焊(han)(han),虛(xu)接;電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出(chu)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)變值(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)虛(xu)接,電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出(chu)線虛(xu)接等。在實際(ji)維修時,這些(xie)因(yin)(yin)素都不(bu)(bu)要(yao)放(fang)過,都應檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)下,以保證萬(wan)無(wu)一(yi)(yi)失(shi)。
這種(zhong)故障原因主要(yao)是(shi)由于(yu)控制風(feng)扇(shan)的三極管(8550或8050)損(sun)壞(huai),或者風(feng)扇(shan)本身損(sun)壞(huai)或風(feng)葉被雜物卡住。但有些開關電源中采用(yong)的是(shi)智(zhi)能(neng)散熱,對于(yu)采用(yong)這種(zhong)方式散熱的開關電源,熱敏電阻損(sun)壞(huai)的概率(lv)是(shi)很大(da)的。
維(wei)修方法:首先用萬用表測(ce)(ce)量一(yi)下(xia)控制風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)三(san)極管(guan)是(shi)否損(sun)壞(huai),若測(ce)(ce)得此(ci)管(guan)未損(sun)壞(huai)那就有(you)可能(neng)是(shi)風(feng)(feng)扇本身損(sun)壞(huai)。可以把風(feng)(feng)扇從電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)上(shang)拔下(xia)來,另外(wai)接(jie)上(shang)一(yi)個12V的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)正負(fu)極),看是(shi)否轉動(dong),并(bing)看有(you)無(wu)異(yi)物卡住。若擺動(dong)幾(ji)下(xia)風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)電(dian)線(xian),風(feng)(feng)扇就轉動(dong),則(ze)說明(ming)電(dian)線(xian)內部有(you)斷線(xian)或接(jie)頭接(jie)觸不良(liang)。若仍(reng)不轉動(dong),則(ze)風(feng)(feng)扇必壞(huai)。對于采用智(zhi)能(neng)散熱(re)的(de)開(kai)關電(dian)源來說,除按(an)上(shang)述檢(jian)查外(wai),還應(ying)檢(jian)查一(yi)下(xia)熱(re)敏電(dian)阻是(shi)否不良(liang)或損(sun)壞(huai),開(kai)焊等。但要注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)此(ci)熱(re)敏電(dian)阻為負(fu)溫度系數的(de)熱(re)敏電(dian)阻,更換時應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)。