光(guang)纖光(guang)纜是(shi)如何熔接的(de) 光(guang)纖光(guang)纜的(de)接法(fa)介紹(shao)

一、步驟/方法

1、開(kai)剝光(guang)(guang)纜，并將光(guang)(guang)纜固定到(dao)接續(xu)盒(he)內。注意不(bu)要傷到(dao)束(shu)管,開(kai)剝長度取1m左右(you)，用(yong)衛生紙(zhi)將油膏(gao)擦拭干(gan)凈,將光(guang)(guang)纜穿(chuan)入(ru)接續(xu)盒(he),固定鋼絲時一(yi)定要壓緊,不(bu)能(neng)有松動。否則(ze),有可能(neng)造成光(guang)(guang)纜打滾折斷纖芯。

2、分纖(xian)將光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)穿(chuan)過(guo)熱(re)縮(suo)管(guan)。將不(bu)(bu)同束管(guan)，不(bu)(bu)同顏(yan)色的光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)分開，穿(chuan)過(guo)熱(re)縮(suo)管(guan)。剝去涂覆層的光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)很(hen)脆弱，使用熱(re)縮(suo)管(guan)，可以保護光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)熔接頭。

3、打開熔接機電源，采(cai)用預(yu)置的程式進行(xing)熔接，并在使用中(zhong)和(he)(he)使用后及時去除熔接機中(zhong)的灰塵，特別是夾具，各(ge)鏡面和(he)(he)V型(xing)(xing)槽內的粉塵和(he)(he)光纖碎未。CATV使用的光纖有常規型(xing)(xing)單模(mo)(mo)光纖和(he)(he)色(se)散位移單模(mo)(mo)光纖，工作(zuo)波(bo)長也有1310nm和(he)(he)1550nm兩種。所以，熔接前要根據系統使用的光纖和(he)(he)工作(zuo)波(bo)長來選擇合適的熔接程序。如(ru)沒有特殊情況(kuang)，一般(ban)都選用自動熔接程序。

4、制作光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)端面。光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)端面制作的(de)好(hao)壞將直接影響接續質量(liang)，所以在(zai)熔(rong)接前一定要(yao)做好(hao)合格(ge)的(de)端面。用專用的(de)剝線鉗(qian)剝去涂覆層(ceng)，再用沾酒精的(de)清潔(jie)棉在(zai)裸纖(xian)(xian)上擦(ca)拭幾次，用力要(yao)適度，然后用精密光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)切(qie)割刀(dao)切(qie)割光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，對(dui)0.25mm（外(wai)涂層(ceng)）光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，切(qie)割長度為8mm-16mm，對(dui)0.9mm（外(wai)涂層(ceng)）光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，切(qie)割長度只能是16mm。

5、放置光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)。將光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)放在熔(rong)接機的V形槽中(zhong)(zhong)，小心壓(ya)上(shang)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)壓(ya)板和光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)夾具，要(yao)根(gen)據光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)切割長度設置光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)在壓(ya)板中(zhong)(zhong)的位置，關上(shang)防(fang)風罩，即可自動(dong)完成熔(rong)接，只(zhi)需11秒。

6、移出光纖(xian)用(yong)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)管(guan)。打開防風罩，把光纖(xian)從熔接機上取出，再將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)管(guan)放(fang)在(zai)裸纖(xian)中心(xin)，放(fang)到加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐(lu)中加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器可使用(yong)20mm微型熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)套(tao)管(guan)和(he)40mm及60mm一(yi)般熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)套(tao)管(guan)，20mm熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)管(guan)需40秒，60mm熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)管(guan)為85秒。

7、盤(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)固(gu)定。將接(jie)續(xu)好的(de)(de)(de)光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)到(dao)光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收容盤(pan)上，在盤(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)，盤(pan)圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)徑越(yue)(yue)大，弧度越(yue)(yue)大，整個線(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)耗(hao)越(yue)(yue)小。所以一(yi)定要保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)徑，使激光在纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芯里傳(chuan)輸時(shi)，避免產生(sheng)一(yi)些不必要的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)耗(hao)。 8密封和(he)掛起。野(ye)外(wai)接(jie)續(xu)盒一(yi)定要密封好，防止進水。熔接(jie)盒進水后，由于光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)熔接(jie)點(dian)長期浸泡在水中，可能會先(xian)出(chu)現部分光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衰減增加。套上不銹鋼掛鉤并掛在吊線(xian)上。至(zhi)此，光纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)熔接(jie)完成。

二、注意事項

1、光纖是精密脆弱(ruo)的器件(jian)，在操作過程(cheng)中要處處小(xiao)心。

2、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)在(zai)架設(she)，熔接(jie)(jie)完工后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)工作，使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器主要是(shi)(shi)OTDR測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀，可以(yi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置；光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)鏈路的(de)(de)(de)(de)全程損耗(hao)；了(le)解沿光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)分布；光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)接(jie)(jie)續(xu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)頭損耗(hao)。為了(le)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)準確(que)，OTDR測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)大(da)(da)小和寬(kuan)度(du)(du)要適當選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)，按照(zhao)廠方給(gei)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)折(zhe)射率n值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)設(she)定(ding)。在(zai)判(pan)斷(duan)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，如果光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)預先(xian)不(bu)知(zhi)道，可先(xian)放(fang)在(zai)自動OTDR，找出故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)體地點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)放(fang)在(zai)高(gao)級OTDR。將脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)大(da)(da)小和寬(kuan)度(du)(du)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)小一(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但要與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)相(xiang)對應，盲(mang)(mang)區減小直至與(yu)坐標(biao)線(xian)重合，脈(mo)(mo)寬(kuan)越小越精(jing)確(que)，當然脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)太小后(hou)曲線(xian)顯示出現(xian)噪波，要恰到好(hao)處(chu)。再(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)加接(jie)(jie)探纖(xian)盤，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)防止近處(chu)有(you)盲(mang)(mang)區不(bu)易發覺。關(guan)于(yu)判(pan)斷(duan)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，如果斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)在(zai)接(jie)(jie)續(xu)盒處(chu)，將就(jiu)(jiu)近處(chu)接(jie)(jie)續(xu)盒打開，接(jie)(jie)上(shang)OTDR測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀，測(ce)試(shi)(shi)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離測(ce)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)距離，利用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)米(mi)標(biao)就(jiu)(jiu)很容易找出故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。利用(yong)米(mi)標(biao)查找故(gu)障(zhang)時,對層絞式光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜還有(you)一(yi)個(ge)絞合率問(wen)題,那(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)并不(bu)相(xiang)等,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)(du)大(da)(da)約是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜長(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.005倍,利用(yong)上(shang)述方法可成功排除多處(chu)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和高(gao)損耗(hao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。