光纖(xian)光纜(lan)是如何熔接的 光纖(xian)光纜(lan)的接法介(jie)紹

一、步驟/方法

1、開剝光纜(lan)，并將光纜(lan)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)到(dao)接續(xu)盒內(nei)。注意不要傷到(dao)束(shu)管,開剝長度取1m左右，用(yong)衛(wei)生紙將油膏擦(ca)拭干凈,將光纜(lan)穿入(ru)接續(xu)盒,固(gu)定(ding)(ding)鋼絲時一定(ding)(ding)要壓緊,不能(neng)有松動。否(fou)則,有可能(neng)造成光纜(lan)打滾折斷纖芯(xin)。

2、分纖(xian)(xian)將光纖(xian)(xian)穿(chuan)過(guo)熱(re)(re)縮管(guan)。將不同束管(guan)，不同顏色的光纖(xian)(xian)分開，穿(chuan)過(guo)熱(re)(re)縮管(guan)。剝去涂覆層的光纖(xian)(xian)很脆弱，使用熱(re)(re)縮管(guan)，可以保護(hu)光纖(xian)(xian)熔接(jie)頭(tou)。

3、打(da)開熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機電源(yuan)，采(cai)用(yong)預置的(de)程(cheng)式進行(xing)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)，并在(zai)使用(yong)中和(he)(he)(he)使用(yong)后及時去除熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機中的(de)灰塵，特(te)別是(shi)夾具，各鏡面和(he)(he)(he)V型(xing)槽(cao)內的(de)粉塵和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)纖碎未。CATV使用(yong)的(de)光(guang)纖有常規型(xing)單模光(guang)纖和(he)(he)(he)色散(san)位移單模光(guang)纖，工(gong)作波長也有1310nm和(he)(he)(he)1550nm兩種。所以，熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)前要根據系統(tong)使用(yong)的(de)光(guang)纖和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作波長來選(xuan)擇合(he)適的(de)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)程(cheng)序。如沒有特(te)殊情況，一般都選(xuan)用(yong)自動熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)程(cheng)序。

4、制(zhi)作光纖(xian)端(duan)面。光纖(xian)端(duan)面制(zhi)作的(de)好壞將直(zhi)接影響接續質(zhi)量，所以(yi)在(zai)熔接前一(yi)定要做好合格的(de)端(duan)面。用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)剝線鉗剝去涂覆層(ceng)，再(zai)用(yong)沾酒精的(de)清(qing)潔棉(mian)在(zai)裸(luo)纖(xian)上擦拭幾次，用(yong)力要適度(du)，然(ran)后用(yong)精密光纖(xian)切(qie)割刀(dao)切(qie)割光纖(xian)，對0.25mm（外(wai)涂層(ceng)）光纖(xian)，切(qie)割長(chang)度(du)為8mm-16mm，對0.9mm（外(wai)涂層(ceng)）光纖(xian)，切(qie)割長(chang)度(du)只能是16mm。

5、放置(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)。將光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)放在(zai)熔接機的(de)(de)V形槽中(zhong)，小(xiao)心壓(ya)上光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)壓(ya)板和光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)夾具，要根據光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)切割長度(du)設置(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)在(zai)壓(ya)板中(zhong)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)，關上防風(feng)罩，即可自(zi)動完成熔接，只需11秒。

6、移(yi)出光(guang)纖用(yong)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)爐加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)管(guan)(guan)。打開防風罩，把光(guang)纖從熔接機上取出，再將熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)管(guan)(guan)放在裸纖中心，放到加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)爐中加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)。加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)器可使用(yong)20mm微型熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)套管(guan)(guan)和40mm及60mm一般熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)套管(guan)(guan)，20mm熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)管(guan)(guan)需(xu)40秒，60mm熱(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)管(guan)(guan)為85秒。

7、盤(pan)(pan)纖(xian)(xian)固定。將接續(xu)好的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)盤(pan)(pan)到(dao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)收容盤(pan)(pan)上(shang)(shang)，在盤(pan)(pan)纖(xian)(xian)時(shi)，盤(pan)(pan)圈的(de)(de)半(ban)徑越大(da)，弧度越大(da)，整個(ge)線路的(de)(de)損耗(hao)越小(xiao)。所以一定要保(bao)持一定的(de)(de)半(ban)徑，使激光(guang)(guang)(guang)在纖(xian)(xian)芯里傳輸(shu)時(shi)，避免產生一些(xie)不必要的(de)(de)損耗(hao)。 8密封和掛起。野外接續(xu)盒一定要密封好，防止(zhi)進水。熔(rong)接盒進水后，由于光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)及光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接點長(chang)期浸泡在水中，可(ke)能會(hui)先出(chu)現部(bu)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)衰(shuai)減(jian)增加。套上(shang)(shang)不銹(xiu)鋼掛鉤并掛在吊(diao)線上(shang)(shang)。至此，光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接完(wan)成。

二、注意事項

1、光纖是精密脆弱的器件，在(zai)操(cao)作過程中(zhong)要處處小心。

2、光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)在(zai)架設，熔接(jie)完工后(hou)就是(shi)(shi)測(ce)試(shi)工作，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器主要是(shi)(shi)OTDR測(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)，可(ke)以測(ce)試(shi)，光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)位置；光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)鏈路的(de)(de)(de)全程損耗(hao)；了(le)(le)解沿光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)長度的(de)(de)(de)損耗(hao)分布；光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)接(jie)續(xu)(xu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)頭(tou)損耗(hao)。為了(le)(le)測(ce)試(shi)準(zhun)確，OTDR測(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)脈沖大(da)小(xiao)和(he)(he)寬度要適當選擇，按照廠方給出的(de)(de)(de)折射率n值的(de)(de)(de)指標(biao)設定。在(zai)判斷(duan)故障點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如果(guo)光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度預先不知(zhi)道(dao)，可(ke)先放在(zai)自動OTDR，找(zhao)(zhao)出故障點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)體地(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后(hou)放在(zai)高級OTDR。將脈沖大(da)小(xiao)和(he)(he)寬度選擇小(xiao)一點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)要與光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度相對應，盲(mang)區(qu)減小(xiao)直至與坐(zuo)標(biao)線重合，脈寬越小(xiao)越精確，當然(ran)脈沖太小(xiao)后(hou)曲線顯示(shi)出現噪波，要恰到好處(chu)。再就是(shi)(shi)加接(jie)探纖(xian)(xian)盤(pan)，目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)(le)防(fang)止近處(chu)有盲(mang)區(qu)不易(yi)發覺。關(guan)于判斷(duan)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如果(guo)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不在(zai)接(jie)續(xu)(xu)盒處(chu)，將就近處(chu)接(jie)續(xu)(xu)盒打(da)開(kai)，接(jie)上(shang)OTDR測(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)，測(ce)試(shi)故障點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離測(ce)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確距(ju)離，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)米標(biao)就很容易(yi)找(zhao)(zhao)出故障點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)米標(biao)查找(zhao)(zhao)故障時(shi),對層絞(jiao)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)還有一個絞(jiao)合率問題,那就是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)長度和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)長度并不相等,光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)長度大(da)約是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度的(de)(de)(de)1.005倍,利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)述(shu)方法可(ke)成(cheng)功排除多處(chu)斷(duan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)高損耗(hao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。