臺式機(ji)電源(yuan)適(shi)配器(qi)的詳細參數 電腦外(wai)置電源(yuan)的工作好伴侶

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器（Power adapter）是小型(xing)便攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)設備(bei)，一般(ban)由外(wai)殼、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變壓器和整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成(cheng)，按其輸(shu)出(chu)類型(xing)可(ke)分為(wei)交流輸(shu)出(chu)型(xing)和直流輸(shu)出(chu)型(xing)；按連接方式可(ke)分為(wei)插墻式和桌面(mian)式。廣泛配套于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)子母(mu)機(ji)(ji)、游戲機(ji)(ji)、語言復讀機(ji)(ji)、隨(sui)身聽(ting)、筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦、蜂窩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)等設備(bei)中(zhong)。

一、概述

電(dian)源適配器標簽(qian)(qian)(2張)如圖所示，在(zai)電(dian)源適配器（下面稱adapter）的(de)(de)(de)標簽(qian)(qian)上面一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般會有(you)幾項是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需要注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)型號(hao)(hao)，例(li)如這(zhe)顆adapter的(de)(de)(de)型號(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告訴了我們幾個(ge)信息，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)廠商、主要參數等，XVE開頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)##公司代號(hao)(hao)，120100就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說明這(zhe)個(ge)adapter是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)，050200的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)10W的(de)(de)(de)；第二就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)INPUT（輸入），在(zai)中國通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)說明這(zhe)顆adapter可(ke)以在(zai)100V-240V的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)下面正常工作(zuo)；第三就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)OUTPUT(輸出(chu)(chu))，兩個(ge)數字(zi)可(ke)以很(hen)快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)算出(chu)(chu)這(zhe)個(ge)adapter的(de)(de)(de)瓦數，例(li)如這(zhe)個(ge)adapter，電(dian)壓(ya)12V*電(dian)流1A=12W（功率(lv)），說明這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)源就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)adapter。

多數(shu)筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適(shi)(shi)配器可以(yi)適(shi)(shi)合(he)用于100～240V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(50/60Hz)。基本(ben)上大部份的(de)筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦都把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源外置，用一條電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線和主機(ji)連接，這樣可以(yi)縮小主機(ji)的(de)體積和重量，只有(you)極少數(shu)的(de)機(ji)型把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源內置在主機(ji)內。

在電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)上都(dou)有(you)一(yi)個銘(ming)牌，上面標示著功率，輸(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流量等指標，特別(bie)要注(zhu)意輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)范圍，這(zhe)就(jiu)是所(suo)謂的(de)“旅(lv)行電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)”，如果到市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)110V的(de)國(guo)家時，這(zhe)個特性就(jiu)很有(you)用了，有(you)些水(shui)貨筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)腦是只(zhi)(zhi)在原產地(di)銷售的(de)，沒有(you)這(zhe)種兼(jian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設計，甚至只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)110V的(de)單(dan)一(yi)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，在我國(guo)的(de)220V市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)插上就(jiu)會(hui)燒毀。

二、注意事項

1、電源(yuan)適配(pei)器（以下簡稱電源(yuan)）的(de)標(biao)稱電壓和電流是(shi)什么意思？首先(xian)，一般(ban)電源(yuan)標(biao)稱的(de)電壓，是(shi)指開路輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)電壓，也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)外面不接任何負載，沒有電流輸(shu)出(chu)時(shi)候的(de)電壓，所以也(ye)(ye)可以理(li)解為，此電壓就(jiu)是(shi)電源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)電壓的(de)上(shang)限。

對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)源內部使用(yong)了(le)主動(dong)穩(wen)壓的元件的情況下，即(ji)使市(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓有所波動(dong)，其(qi)輸出(chu)也(ye)是恒(heng)定(ding)值，象市(shi)面上一般的小變壓器，比如(ru)隨身聽之(zhi)類配的電(dian)(dian)源，如(ru)果(guo)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)波動(dong)，該電(dian)(dian)源的輸出(chu)也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)隨之(zhi)波動(dong)的。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)來講普通電(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)的真正空載電(dian)(dian)壓也不一(yi)(yi)(yi)定和標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓完(wan)全一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件的特性(xing)不可能完(wan)全一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，所以有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的誤差，誤差越(yue)(yue)小，對電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件的一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性(xing)要求越(yue)(yue)高，生產的成本就高了(le)，所以價格也就貴一(yi)(yi)(yi)些了(le)。

另(ling)外，關于標稱的電(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)，無論(lun)任何電(dian)(dian)源都(dou)有一定的內(nei)阻，因此(ci)當電(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流的時候(hou)，會在內(nei)部(bu)產生(sheng)壓(ya)降，導致兩件事情，一個(ge)是(shi)產生(sheng)熱量，所以電(dian)(dian)源會熱，另(ling)一個(ge)是(shi)導致輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低，相當于內(nei)部(bu)消耗。

2、都是同(tong)樣標(biao)稱電(dian)壓的電(dian)源，輸出(chu)電(dian)流不(bu)同(tong)，能不(bu)能用在同(tong)一(yi)臺本本上？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一樣(yang)，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)同(tong)，能不(bu)能用在(zai)同(tong)一臺本(ben)本(ben)上。基本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)原則是大(da)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)可以代替小標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。估計(ji)有人會(hui)(hui)這樣(yang)想，覺得大(da)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)燒壞本(ben)本(ben)，因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)了(le)嘛(ma)。實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多大(da)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下取決于(yu)負載(zai)，呵呵，，想想初中的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理就知道了(le)。

當本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)高負荷(he)運轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大些，本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)進(jin)入(ru)待機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)小(xiao)些，大標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有(you)(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)余量。反之(zhi)，有(you)(you)人用56w的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)代替72w的(de)(de)(de)(de)用起(qi)來也沒什么問題(ti)，原因是(shi)通(tong)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配(pei)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計留有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)余量，負載功(gong)(gong)率(lv)都要小(xiao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，所(suo)(suo)以這(zhe)種代替在一般使用上(shang)是(shi)可(ke)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)余量就(jiu)很少了(le)，一旦你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)接了(le)很多(duo)外設，比(bi)如兩塊(kuai)usb硬盤(pan)，然后cpu全(quan)速(su)運轉，再有(you)(you)一個底座，上(shang)面來個光驅全(quan)速(su)讀盤(pan)，再加上(shang)同時給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，估計就(jiu)危險了(le)，要隨時用手摸(mo)摸(mo)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)不是(shi)已(yi)經可(ke)以煮雞蛋了(le)。所(suo)(suo)以最好不要用小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)代替大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

3、一(yi)模一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)機器，別(bie)人的(de)(de)電源溫溫的(de)(de)，我的(de)(de)總是很燙(tang)，為(wei)什么(me)？

先(xian)不(bu)要懷疑你的(de)電源有問題，先(xian)看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)你的(de)本(ben)本(ben)在(zai)干什么，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)像上面(mian)說(shuo)的(de)兩塊USB硬盤(pan)，CPU全速(su)運轉，硬盤(pan)瘋狂讀(du)(du)寫，光(guang)驅全速(su)讀(du)(du)盤(pan)，同時(shi)給電池充電，大聲放著音(yin)樂，屏幕亮(liang)度(du)最大，無線(xian)網(wang)卡一(yi)直在(zai)偵測信(xin)號等等，善(shan)用電源管理(li)，根據任務合(he)理(li)調整本(ben)本(ben)的(de)工作狀態是(shi)(shi)很重(zhong)要的(de)。

4、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比(bi)我的本本電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)很多，不(bu)會出(chu)事(shi)吧？

首先，要知(zhi)道的(de)是(shi)，電源給本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供電與電池給本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供電是(shi)不同的(de)。

電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)輸出是純直(zhi)流(liu)，干(gan)凈得很(hen)(hen)，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)既不(bu)可能(neng)也(ye)不(bu)需(xu)要設計得很(hen)(hen)高，鋰電(dian)(dian)池的(de)化學(xue)特性決定了一節(jie)電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只能(neng)在3.6V左右，所以很(hen)(hen)多(duo)電(dian)(dian)池都是采用三(san)級串(chuan)聯的(de)方式(shi)，10.8V也(ye)就(jiu)成了很(hen)(hen)流(liu)行的(de)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。有些(xie)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)標稱值比3.6V的(de)整數倍(bei)稍大(da)一些(xie)，比如3.7V或者11.2V等等，其實(shi)是為了保護電(dian)(dian)池。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，情(qing)況(kuang)就復雜一(yi)(yi)些，首先(xian)需要對加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進行進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)穩壓(ya)濾波(bo)，以保證在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)性能不(bu)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下穩定工作，穩壓(ya)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分成兩個部分，一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)給本(ben)本(ben)工作供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給本(ben)本(ben)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部分同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)相(xiang)同，而給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部分需要通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)才可以加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上(shang)，控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可以很復雜，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)必須(xu)大(da)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)才有充分的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)供(gong)應給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)各單元。最后(hou)真正(zheng)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)決不(bu)會是你的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。放(fang)心(xin)好(hao)了。

用途

開關電(dian)(dian)源產品廣泛應用于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業自動化控制、軍工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)、科研設(she)(she)備(bei)、LED照明、工(gong)(gong)(gong)控設(she)(she)備(bei)、通訊設(she)(she)備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)力設(she)(she)備(bei)、儀器儀表(biao)、醫療設(she)(she)備(bei)、半導(dao)體制冷制熱、空氣凈(jing)化器，電(dian)(dian)子冰箱，液晶顯示器，LED燈(deng)具，通訊設(she)(she)備(bei)，視聽(ting)產品，安(an)防(fang)，電(dian)(dian)腦機(ji)箱，數碼(ma)產品和儀器類(lei)等領域。

電路圖

給出了電源適配器(qi)的典型電路圖(tu)，需(xu)要維修電源適配器(qi)的維修人員可參考該(gai)電路圖(tu)。

典型(xing)電(dian)源適(shi)配(pei)器電(dian)路(lu)圖。

平面圖

此圖是(shi)標準(zhun)的電(dian)源適配器(qi)平(ping)面圖，含配線(xian)圖，出處。