臺式機電源(yuan)(yuan)適(shi)配(pei)器的詳細參數(shu) 電腦外置電源(yuan)(yuan)的工作(zuo)好伴侶(lv)

電源適配器（Power adapter）是小型(xing)便攜式電子(zi)設備(bei)及電子(zi)電器的供電電源變換設備(bei)，一般由(you)外殼、電源變壓(ya)器和(he)(he)整(zheng)流電路組成，按其輸出(chu)類型(xing)可(ke)分為(wei)交流輸出(chu)型(xing)和(he)(he)直流輸出(chu)型(xing)；按連接方式可(ke)分為(wei)插墻式和(he)(he)桌面式。廣泛(fan)配套于電話子(zi)母機(ji)(ji)、游戲機(ji)(ji)、語言復(fu)讀機(ji)(ji)、隨身(shen)聽(ting)、筆記(ji)本電腦、蜂窩(wo)電話等設備(bei)中(zhong)。

一、概述

電(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器標簽(2張)如(ru)圖所示，在電(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器（下面(mian)(mian)稱adapter）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標簽上面(mian)(mian)一般(ban)會有幾項是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)。第一，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)型號，例如(ru)這(zhe)顆adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)型號是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告(gao)訴了我們(men)幾個(ge)信(xin)息，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)廠商、主要參數(shu)(shu)等，XVE開頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)一般(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)##公司代號，120100就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說明(ming)這(zhe)個(ge)adapter是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)(de)，050200的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)10W的(de)(de)(de)(de)；第二就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)INPUT（輸(shu)入），在中(zhong)國通用的(de)(de)(de)(de)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)說明(ming)這(zhe)顆adapter可以在100V-240V的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下面(mian)(mian)正(zheng)常工作；第三就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)OUTPUT(輸(shu)出(chu))，兩個(ge)數(shu)(shu)字可以很快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)算出(chu)這(zhe)個(ge)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦數(shu)(shu)，例如(ru)這(zhe)個(ge)adapter，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V*電(dian)(dian)流(liu)1A=12W（功率），說明(ming)這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)(de)adapter。

多數筆記(ji)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)的電(dian)(dian)源適配器可以適合(he)用于100～240V交流電(dian)(dian)(50/60Hz)。基本(ben)(ben)上大部份(fen)的筆記(ji)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)都(dou)把電(dian)(dian)源外置，用一條電(dian)(dian)源線和主機(ji)(ji)連接，這(zhe)樣可以縮(suo)小主機(ji)(ji)的體積(ji)和重量，只有極少數的機(ji)(ji)型把電(dian)(dian)源內置在(zai)主機(ji)(ji)內。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器上都有一個(ge)銘(ming)牌，上面標示著功(gong)率，輸(shu)入輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流量等指(zhi)標，特別(bie)要注意輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)范圍，這就是所謂的(de)(de)(de)“旅行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器”，如果(guo)到市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)只(zhi)有110V的(de)(de)(de)國家時(shi)，這個(ge)特性就很(hen)有用了，有些水貨筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦是只(zhi)在(zai)原產地銷售的(de)(de)(de)，沒有這種(zhong)兼(jian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設計(ji)，甚至(zhi)只(zhi)有110V的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)一輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，在(zai)我國的(de)(de)(de)220V市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下插上就會燒毀(hui)。

二、注意事項

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器（以(yi)下(xia)簡稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)）的(de)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是什么意思？首先，一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標稱(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，是指(zhi)開路輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就是外面不(bu)接任(ren)何負(fu)載，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸出(chu)時(shi)候的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以(yi)也可以(yi)理解為，此電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)上限。

對于電(dian)(dian)源內部使(shi)(shi)用(yong)了主動(dong)(dong)穩(wen)壓(ya)的元件的情(qing)況下，即使(shi)(shi)市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有所波(bo)動(dong)(dong)，其輸出也(ye)是恒定(ding)值，象市面上一般的小(xiao)變(bian)壓(ya)器，比如隨(sui)身聽之類配(pei)的電(dian)(dian)源，如果市電(dian)(dian)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)源的輸出也(ye)不會(hui)隨(sui)之波(bo)動(dong)(dong)的。

一(yi)般來講普通電(dian)(dian)源適配器的(de)真正空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓也不一(yi)定(ding)和標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓完全一(yi)致，因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)特性不可能(neng)完全一(yi)致，所(suo)以(yi)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)誤差，誤差越(yue)小(xiao)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)一(yi)致性要求(qiu)越(yue)高，生產的(de)成(cheng)本就高了(le)(le)，所(suo)以(yi)價格也就貴一(yi)些了(le)(le)。

另外，關于標稱的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)值，無論(lun)任何(he)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)內阻，因(yin)此(ci)當電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)時候，會在內部(bu)產生壓降(jiang)，導(dao)致兩(liang)件事情，一(yi)個(ge)是產生熱量(liang)，所以電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會熱，另一(yi)個(ge)是導(dao)致輸(shu)出電(dian)壓降(jiang)低，相當于內部(bu)消耗。

2、都是同(tong)樣標稱電(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)源(yuan)，輸出(chu)電(dian)流不同(tong)，能不能用在同(tong)一臺本本上？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一樣(yang)，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不同(tong)，能(neng)不能(neng)用在同(tong)一臺本本上。基本的(de)原則是大標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可以代替小標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。估計有人會這樣(yang)想，覺(jue)得(de)大標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源會燒壞本本，因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大了嘛。實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)多大在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相同(tong)的(de)情況(kuang)下取決于負載，呵呵，，想想初中的(de)物理就知道了。

當本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)高負荷運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大些(xie)，本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)進入待機的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)小(xiao)些(xie)，大標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)余量。反(fan)之，有(you)人用56w的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代替72w的(de)(de)(de)用起來(lai)也沒什么問題，原因是(shi)(shi)通常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)余量，負載功率都要小(xiao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功率，所(suo)以(yi)這種代替在一(yi)(yi)般使用上是(shi)(shi)可行的(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)剩余的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功率余量就(jiu)很少了(le)，一(yi)(yi)旦你的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)接了(le)很多外(wai)設(she)，比(bi)如兩(liang)塊usb硬盤，然后cpu全速運(yun)轉(zhuan)，再有(you)一(yi)(yi)個底(di)座，上面來(lai)個光驅(qu)全速讀盤，再加上同(tong)時(shi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，估計(ji)就(jiu)危險了(le)，要隨時(shi)用手摸摸你的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)已經可以(yi)煮雞蛋了(le)。所(suo)以(yi)最好不要用小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代替大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

3、一模一樣的機(ji)器，別人的電源溫(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)的，我的總是很燙，為什(shen)么？

先不要懷疑你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源有問題，先看(kan)看(kan)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)本(ben)在干什(shen)么，是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)像上面說的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)塊USB硬(ying)(ying)盤，CPU全(quan)速運轉，硬(ying)(ying)盤瘋狂讀(du)寫，光(guang)驅(qu)全(quan)速讀(du)盤，同時給(gei)電(dian)池充電(dian)，大聲放著音樂(le)，屏幕亮度最大，無線網卡一直(zhi)在偵測信號等等，善用電(dian)源管理，根據任務合理調整本(ben)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀(zhuang)態是(shi)(shi)很重要的(de)(de)(de)。

4、電(dian)源標(biao)稱電(dian)壓比我(wo)的本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)池電(dian)壓高很(hen)多，不會出(chu)事吧？

首先，要知道的是，電源給(gei)本(ben)本(ben)供電與電池給(gei)本(ben)本(ben)供電是不同(tong)的。

電(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)輸出是純直流，干凈得很(hen)，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)既不可(ke)能也不需(xu)要設(she)計得很(hen)高，鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)化學特(te)性決定了一節電(dian)芯的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)只能在3.6V左右，所以很(hen)多電(dian)池(chi)都是采用(yong)三級串聯的(de)(de)方式，10.8V也就(jiu)成了很(hen)流行的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)。有些電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)標稱值比3.6V的(de)(de)整數(shu)倍稍(shao)大一些，比如3.7V或者11.2V等等，其實(shi)是為了保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，情(qing)況就復雜一些，首(shou)先(xian)需要對加(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)進行(xing)進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)濾波，以(yi)保證在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源性能不很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)穩(wen)定工作，穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)成兩個(ge)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)，一路(lu)給本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)工作供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一路(lu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候相同，而給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)需要通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)才(cai)可以(yi)加(jia)(jia)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯上(shang)，控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)很復雜，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)必須(xu)大于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)才(cai)有充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力供(gong)應給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)單(dan)元。最(zui)后真(zhen)正(zheng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)決不會(hui)是你的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源標稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。放心好了。

用途

開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源產(chan)品廣泛(fan)應用于工業自(zi)動化控(kong)制、軍工設(she)(she)備、科研設(she)(she)備、LED照明(ming)、工控(kong)設(she)(she)備、通訊(xun)設(she)(she)備、電(dian)(dian)力設(she)(she)備、儀器儀表、醫療(liao)設(she)(she)備、半導(dao)體制冷制熱(re)、空(kong)氣(qi)凈化器，電(dian)(dian)子冰箱，液晶顯示(shi)器，LED燈具，通訊(xun)設(she)(she)備，視聽產(chan)品，安防，電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)機箱，數碼產(chan)品和(he)儀器類等領域。

電路圖

給出了(le)電(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器的典型電(dian)路圖(tu)，需要維(wei)(wei)修電(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器的維(wei)(wei)修人員可參(can)考該電(dian)路圖(tu)。

典型電(dian)源(yuan)適配器電(dian)路圖。

平面圖

此圖(tu)是標準的(de)電(dian)源適配(pei)器(qi)平面(mian)圖(tu)，含配(pei)線圖(tu)，出處。