臺式機電(dian)源適配(pei)器的(de)詳細參數 電(dian)腦外置電(dian)源的(de)工作好伴侶

電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器(qi)（Power adapter）是小(xiao)型便(bian)攜(xie)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備(bei)(bei)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變換設備(bei)(bei)，一般(ban)由外殼(ke)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)變壓器(qi)和整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成，按其輸(shu)出(chu)類(lei)型可分為交(jiao)流輸(shu)出(chu)型和直流輸(shu)出(chu)型；按連接方式可分為插墻式和桌面(mian)式。廣泛配套于電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)子(zi)母機、游戲機、語言復(fu)讀(du)機、隨身聽、筆(bi)記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)、蜂窩電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)等設備(bei)(bei)中。

一、概述

電源適配器(qi)標簽(2張)如圖所示，在(zai)電源適配器(qi)（下面稱adapter）的標簽上面一(yi)般(ban)會有幾(ji)項是(shi)(shi)(shi)需要(yao)注意(yi)的。第(di)一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的型號(hao)，例如這(zhe)顆(ke)adapter的型號(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告訴(su)了我(wo)們幾(ji)個(ge)信息，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)它的廠商、主要(yao)參數等，XVE開(kai)頭(tou)的一(yi)般(ban)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)##公(gong)司代號(hao)，120100就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)個(ge)adapter是(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的，050200的就是(shi)(shi)(shi)10W的；第(di)二(er)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的INPUT（輸入），在(zai)中國(guo)通用的一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)顆(ke)adapter可以在(zai)100V-240V的電壓下面正常工作；第(di)三就是(shi)(shi)(shi)adapter的OUTPUT(輸出(chu))，兩個(ge)數字可以很快速的算(suan)出(chu)這(zhe)個(ge)adapter的瓦數，例如這(zhe)個(ge)adapter，電壓12V*電流1A=12W（功率），說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)個(ge)電源就是(shi)(shi)(shi)12W的adapter。

多(duo)數筆記本(ben)電腦的電源適(shi)配(pei)器可(ke)以(yi)適(shi)合用于100～240V交流(liu)電(50/60Hz)。基本(ben)上大部份的筆記本(ben)電腦都把(ba)(ba)電源外(wai)置，用一條(tiao)電源線和(he)主(zhu)機(ji)連接，這樣可(ke)以(yi)縮小主(zhu)機(ji)的體積和(he)重量，只有極少數的機(ji)型把(ba)(ba)電源內置在主(zhu)機(ji)內。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)上(shang)都有(you)(you)一(yi)個銘牌，上(shang)面標示(shi)著功率(lv)，輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流量等指(zhi)標，特別(bie)要注意輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的范圍，這(zhe)(zhe)就是所謂(wei)的“旅行電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器(qi)”，如果到市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只有(you)(you)110V的國家時，這(zhe)(zhe)個特性(xing)就很有(you)(you)用了，有(you)(you)些水(shui)貨筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)是只在(zai)原(yuan)產地銷售的，沒有(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)兼容電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)計，甚至只有(you)(you)110V的單一(yi)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在(zai)我國的220V市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下插(cha)上(shang)就會燒毀。

二、注意事項

1、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器（以(yi)下簡稱電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)）的標稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流是什(shen)么意思？首先，一般電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標稱的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，是指開路輸(shu)出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就是外(wai)面不接任(ren)何負載，沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出(chu)時候的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以(yi)也可以(yi)理(li)解為，此電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就是電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的上限。

對于電(dian)源(yuan)內部使用了主動(dong)穩壓的(de)(de)元件的(de)(de)情況下，即使市電(dian)電(dian)壓有所波動(dong)，其輸出也是恒(heng)定值，象(xiang)市面(mian)上一般的(de)(de)小(xiao)變壓器，比如(ru)隨身(shen)聽之(zhi)類配的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)，如(ru)果市電(dian)波動(dong)，該電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸出也不會隨之(zhi)波動(dong)的(de)(de)。

一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)講普通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)適配器的(de)真(zhen)正空載電(dian)壓(ya)也(ye)不一(yi)定(ding)(ding)和標稱電(dian)壓(ya)完全(quan)一(yi)致，因為電(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)特(te)性不可能完全(quan)一(yi)致，所以(yi)有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)誤差，誤差越小，對電(dian)子元件(jian)的(de)一(yi)致性要求越高，生產的(de)成(cheng)本就高了，所以(yi)價格也(ye)就貴一(yi)些了。

另(ling)外(wai)，關于標稱的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，無論(lun)任何電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都有一定的內(nei)阻，因此當電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的時候，會在內(nei)部產生壓(ya)降，導致兩件(jian)事情(qing)，一個是(shi)產生熱量，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)會熱，另(ling)一個是(shi)導致輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低，相(xiang)當于內(nei)部消耗。

2、都是(shi)同(tong)樣標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)(dian)源，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不同(tong)，能(neng)不能(neng)用在同(tong)一臺本(ben)本(ben)上？

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一樣，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流不同，能不能用在同一臺本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上。基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)原則是大(da)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)代替小標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。估計有人會這樣想，覺得大(da)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會燒壞(huai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，因為電(dian)(dian)流大(da)了嘛。實際上電(dian)(dian)流多大(da)在電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相同的(de)情況下取決于負(fu)載，呵呵，，想想初中的(de)物(wu)理就(jiu)知道(dao)了。

當本(ben)本(ben)高負荷運轉的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)些，本(ben)本(ben)進入待(dai)機的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就小些，大(da)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)余(yu)量。反之，有人用(yong)56w的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)代替72w的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)起來也沒什(shen)么問(wen)題，原因是(shi)通(tong)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計留有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)余(yu)量，負載功率都要(yao)小于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)功率，所以這種(zhong)代替在一般使用(yong)上是(shi)可行的(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)剩余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)功率余(yu)量就很(hen)少了，一旦你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)本(ben)接(jie)了很(hen)多外設(she)，比如兩塊usb硬盤，然后cpu全速運轉，再有一個底(di)座(zuo)，上面(mian)來個光驅全速讀盤，再加上同(tong)時(shi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，估(gu)計就危險了，要(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)用(yong)手摸摸你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)已經(jing)可以煮雞(ji)蛋了。所以最好不(bu)要(yao)用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)代替大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

3、一(yi)(yi)模一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)機器(qi)，別人(ren)的(de)電(dian)源溫溫的(de)，我的(de)總是很(hen)燙，為(wei)什么？

先不要懷疑你的(de)電(dian)源有問題，先看看你的(de)本本在(zai)干什(shen)么(me)，是不是像上(shang)面說的(de)兩(liang)塊USB硬(ying)盤，CPU全(quan)速(su)運轉(zhuan)，硬(ying)盤瘋狂(kuang)讀寫(xie)，光驅全(quan)速(su)讀盤，同時(shi)給電(dian)池充電(dian)，大(da)聲(sheng)放著音樂，屏(ping)幕(mu)亮(liang)度最(zui)大(da)，無線網卡一直在(zai)偵測信(xin)號等等，善用(yong)電(dian)源管理，根據(ju)任(ren)務合(he)理調整本本的(de)工作狀態(tai)是很重要的(de)。

4、電源標稱(cheng)電壓比(bi)我的本(ben)本(ben)電池電壓高(gao)很多，不(bu)會出事吧？

首(shou)先，要知道的是，電源給本(ben)本(ben)供(gong)電與(yu)電池給本(ben)本(ben)供(gong)電是不同(tong)的。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)輸出是(shi)純(chun)直流，干凈得很(hen)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)既不可能也(ye)不需要設(she)計(ji)得很(hen)高，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)化學特性決定了(le)一節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只(zhi)能在3.6V左右，所(suo)以很(hen)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都是(shi)采用三級串(chuan)聯的(de)方式(shi)，10.8V也(ye)就(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)很(hen)流行的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標稱(cheng)值比(bi)3.6V的(de)整數倍稍(shao)大(da)一些，比(bi)如3.7V或者11.2V等等，其實是(shi)為(wei)了(le)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，情況就復雜一些(xie)，首先需要對加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進行進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波，以(yi)(yi)保證在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)性(xing)能不很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下穩(wen)定(ding)工作(zuo)，穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)成兩個部分(fen)，一路給(gei)(gei)(gei)本(ben)本(ben)工作(zuo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一路給(gei)(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給(gei)(gei)(gei)本(ben)本(ben)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部分(fen)同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，而給(gei)(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部分(fen)需要通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路才可以(yi)(yi)加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上，控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可以(yi)(yi)很復雜，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)必須大(da)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)才有充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)給(gei)(gei)(gei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)各單元。最(zui)后真正加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)決不會是你的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標(biao)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。放(fang)心好(hao)了。

用途

開關電(dian)源產(chan)品(pin)(pin)廣泛應用于工(gong)業自動化控制(zhi)(zhi)、軍工(gong)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、科研(yan)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、LED照明、工(gong)控設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、通(tong)訊設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、電(dian)力設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、儀(yi)(yi)器儀(yi)(yi)表、醫療設備(bei)(bei)(bei)、半導(dao)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)冷制(zhi)(zhi)熱、空(kong)氣(qi)凈化器，電(dian)子冰箱，液晶顯示器，LED燈具，通(tong)訊設備(bei)(bei)(bei)，視聽(ting)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，安防，電(dian)腦機箱，數(shu)碼(ma)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和儀(yi)(yi)器類等領域。

電路圖

給出了(le)電源(yuan)適配(pei)器的典型電路圖(tu)，需要(yao)維修(xiu)電源(yuan)適配(pei)器的維修(xiu)人員可參考該電路圖(tu)。

典型(xing)電源適(shi)配器電路(lu)圖。

平面圖

此圖(tu)是(shi)標準的電源適(shi)配器平面圖(tu)，含配線圖(tu)，出處(chu)。