電(dian)瓶車充電(dian)器(qi)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車是(shi)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶）提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)將化學(xue)能(neng)直接轉化成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)裝置，是(shi)按可再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通過可逆的(de)化學(xue)反應實現再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常是(shi)指鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。我(wo)們常用的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)主要(yao)分為三(san)類(lei)，分別為普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)免維護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)三(san)種(zhong)。

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普通蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；普通蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)極板是由鉛和(he)鉛的(de)(de)氧化物(wu)構成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液是硫酸的(de)(de)水溶液。它的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)優點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定、價格便宜；缺點是比能低（即每公斤(jin)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)存儲的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能）、使用(yong)壽命短(duan)和(he)日常維護頻繁。

干荷蓄電(dian)(dian)池：它(ta)(ta)的全稱是干式荷電(dian)(dian)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池，它(ta)(ta)的主要(yao)特點是負極板有較高(gao)的儲電(dian)(dian)能力，在(zai)完全干燥(zao)狀態下(xia)，能在(zai)兩(liang)年內保存所(suo)得到的電(dian)(dian)量，使用(yong)(yong)時，只需加入(ru)電(dian)(dian)解液，等過20—30分鐘(zhong)就可(ke)使用(yong)(yong)。

免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池：免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池由于自身結構上的優勢，電(dian)(dian)解液的消耗(hao)量非常(chang)小，在(zai)使(shi)用壽命(ming)內基本不需要補充蒸餾水。它還具有(you)耐震(zhen)、耐高溫、體積(ji)小、自放電(dian)(dian)小的特(te)點。使(shi)用壽命(ming)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)普通蓄電(dian)(dian)池的兩(liang)倍(bei)。市場上的免維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池也有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)：第一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)購買時(shi)一(yi)次性加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)解液以后使(shi)用中不需要維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)（添加(jia)(jia)補充液）；另一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池本身出(chu)廠時(shi)就已經加(jia)(jia)好電(dian)(dian)解液并(bing)封死，用戶根本就不能加(jia)(jia)補充液。

電瓶車充電器的工作原理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才(cai)能夠充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二(er)者之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢差越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)(da)，所以(yi)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最大(da)(da)（空載）為28V，而60A是說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)出(chu)力(li)能力(li)，而你(ni)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)已經有(you)了負載，這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成越來越小(xiao)(xiao)。另外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)也是有(you)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

蓄電池的正確使用

1、檢查電瓶車蓄電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)支(zhi)架上(shang)的固定螺栓是否擰緊,安裝不牢靠(kao)會(hui)因行車(che)震動(dong)而引起殼體損壞。另(ling)外(wai)不要將金(jin)屬物放(fang)在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池上(shang)以防短(duan)路。

2、時常(chang)查看極柱和接(jie)(jie)線頭連接(jie)(jie)得是否可靠。為防(fang)止接(jie)(jie)線柱氧化可以涂(tu)抹凡士(shi)林等保護(hu)劑。

3、不可用直接(jie)打火（短路試驗）的(de)方法檢查蓄電池的(de)電量(liang)這樣會對蓄電池造(zao)成損害(hai)。

4、普通鉛酸蓄電池要注意定期添加蒸餾水。干荷蓄電池在使用之前最好適當充電。至于可加水的免維護電動車蓄電池并不是不能維護(hu)適當查(cha)看(kan)必(bi)要時補(bu)充蒸餾水有助于(yu)延長使用壽命。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)蓋上的氣(qi)孔(kong)應通(tong)(tong)暢。蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時會產(chan)生(sheng)大量氣(qi)泡(pao)若通(tong)(tong)氣(qi)孔(kong)被堵塞使氣(qi)體不能逸出當壓(ya)力增大到一定的程度后就(jiu)會造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)殼體炸裂。

6、在(zai)蓄電(dian)池極柱和(he)蓋(gai)的周圍(wei)常會有(you)黃白色的糊(hu)狀物,這(zhe)是(shi)因為硫(liu)酸腐蝕了根柱、線卡、固定架等造成的。這(zhe)些物質(zhi)的電(dian)阻很大(da)，要及時清除(chu)。

7、當需要用(yong)兩塊(kuai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池串聯使用(yong)時蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)容量最好相等，否則會影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽命。

蓄電池的維護要點

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一、蓄電池的儲存

1、新蓄電(dian)池的儲存

未啟用的新蓄電池，其加液孔蓋上的通氣孔均已封閉，不要通破。保管蓄電池時應注意以下幾點：

①存放室溫5～30℃，干燥、清潔(jie)、通風。

②不要受陽光直射，離熱源距離不小于2m。

③避免與任何液體和有害氣體接觸。④不得倒置或臥放，不得疊放，不得承受重壓。⑤新蓄電池的存放時間不得超過2年。

2、暫時不用的(de)(de)蓄電池的(de)(de)儲存

采用濕儲存方法，即先充足電，再把電解液密度調至1.24～1.28g/cm3，液面調至規定高度，然(ran)后將通氣(qi)孔密封，存放期不得(de)超過(guo)半年(nian)，期間應定期檢查，如容量降低25％，應立即補充充電，交付使用前也應先(xian)充足電。

3、長期停用的蓄電池(chi)的儲存(cun)

采用干儲存法，即先將充足電(dian)的蓄電(dian)池以(yi)20h放(fang)電(dian)率放(fang)完電(dian)，然后倒出電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，用蒸(zheng)餾水反復(fu)沖洗(xi)多次，直到水中無酸性，涼干后旋緊加液(ye)孔蓋，并將通氣孔密封，存放(fang)條(tiao)件與新(xin)蓄電(dian)池(chi)相同。

二、新蓄電池啟用

首先擦(ca)凈外(wai)表面(mian)，旋(xuan)開加液(ye)孔蓋，疏通通氣孔，注(zhu)入(ru)新(xin)電解液(ye)，靜置4～6h后，調節液(ye)面高度到規(gui)定(ding)值，按初充(chong)電規(gui)范(fan)進行(xing)充(chong)電后即(ji)可使用。

干荷電蓄電池(chi)在規定存放期（一般為(wei)2年）內，啟用(yong)時可直接加入(ru)規(gui)定密度的(de)電(dian)解液，靜置20～30min后，校準液面高度，即可使(shi)用。若超(chao)期存(cun)放或保管(guan)不當損失(shi)部分容(rong)量，應在加注(zhu)電解液后經補充充電方可使(shi)用。

三、蓄電池的拆裝

1）拆裝、移動蓄電池時(shi)，應輕(qing)搬(ban)輕(qing)放，嚴(yan)禁在地上(shang)拖拽。

2）蓄電池型號和車(che)型應相(xiang)符，電解(jie)液密度(du)和高度(du)應符合規定。

3）安(an)裝時，蓄電池固定在托架(jia)上，塞好防振(zhen)墊。

4）極樁涂上凡士林或潤(run)滑油(you)，防(fang)腐防(fang)銹。極樁卡子與極樁要(yao)接觸良好。

5）蓄電池搭鐵極性(xing)必(bi)須與發電機一致。

6）接(jie)線時先(xian)接(jie)正極(ji)(ji)后接(jie)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)，拆線時相(xiang)反，以防金屬工具搭鐵，造成蓄電池(chi)短路。

四、蓄電池的維護

（1）保持蓄(xu)(xu)電池外表(biao)面的(de)清(qing)潔干燥，及時清(qing)除(chu)極樁和電纜(lan)卡(ka)子(zi)上(shang)的(de)氧化物，并確定蓄(xu)(xu)電池極樁上(shang)的(de)電纜(lan)連接牢(lao)固。

清(qing)洗(xi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池時，最好從車上拆(chai)下(xia)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池，用(yong)蘇(su)打(da)水溶液沖(chong)洗(xi)整(zheng)個殼(ke)體，然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)清(qing)水沖(chong)洗(xi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池并(bing)用(yong)紙(zhi)巾擦(ca)干。對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池托(tuo)(tuo)架，可先用(yong)膩子刀刮凈厚腐蝕物，然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)蘇(su)打(da)水溶液清(qing)洗(xi)托(tuo)(tuo)架，之(zhi)后(hou)用(yong)水沖(chong)洗(xi)并(bing)干燥。托(tuo)(tuo)架干燥后(hou)，漆上防腐漆。

對極樁和電纜卡(ka)子(zi)，可(ke)先用蘇打水(shui)溶液清(qing)洗，再用專用清(qing)潔(jie)工(gong)具進行(xing)清(qing)潔(jie)。清(qing)洗后，在電纜卡(ka)子(zi)上涂上凡(fan)士(shi)林或潤滑油防止(zhi)腐(fu)蝕。

注意：清洗蓄電池之前，要擰緊加液孔蓋，防止蘇打水進入蓄電池內部。

（2）保持(chi)加(jia)液孔(kong)蓋(gai)上通氣孔(kong)的暢通，定期疏通。

（3）定期(qi)檢查并調整電解(jie)液液面(mian)高度，液面(mian)不(bu)足(zu)時，應補加蒸餾(liu)水(shui)。

（4）汽車每(mei)行駛1000km或夏(xia)季行駛5～6天(tian)，冬(dong)季行駛(shi)10～15天，應(ying)用(yong)密度計或高率(lv)放電計檢查(cha)一次蓄電池的放電程(cheng)度，當冬季放電超過(guo)25％，夏(xia)季放電超過50％時，應及時將(jiang)蓄(xu)電池從車上拆下進行補充充電。

（5）根(gen)據季節和地(di)區的(de)(de)變化及(ji)時調整(zheng)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)密(mi)度。冬季可加入適量的(de)(de)密(mi)度為1.40g/cm3的電解液，以調高電解液的密度（一(yi)般(ban)比(bi)夏季高0.02～0.04g/cm3為宜(yi)）。

（6）冬季向蓄(xu)電池(chi)內補加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)時，必須在蓄(xu)電池(chi)充電前(qian)進行，以免水(shui)和(he)電解液(ye)混合不均(jun)而引起結冰。

（7）冬季蓄電(dian)(dian)池應經常保持(chi)在充足電(dian)(dian)的狀態(tai)，以防電(dian)(dian)解液密度降(jiang)低而結冰(bing)，引起外殼破裂、極板彎(wan)曲(qu)和(he)活性物質脫落等故(gu)障。