石家莊市是河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)省(sheng)會,全省(sheng)政(zheng)治、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、科技、金融、文(wen)化和信息中心,是國務院批準實行(xing)沿海(hai)開(kai)放政(zheng)策和金融對外開(kai)放城市(shi)(shi)。地處河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)中南部,環渤海(hai)灣經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)區,即北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)37°27′~38°47′(誤差(cha)±1′),東(dong)經(jing)(jing)113°30′~115°20′(誤差(cha)±1′)之間,東(dong)與(yu)衡水(shui)市(shi)(shi)接壤,南與(yu)邢臺市(shi)(shi)毗連,西與(yu)山西省(sheng)為(wei)鄰,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)保(bao)定市(shi)(shi)交界,位于(yu)首(shou)都北(bei)(bei)京(jing)西南方(fang)(fang)向,距離(li)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)主(zhu)城區283千(qian)米(mi)。南北(bei)(bei)最長(chang)處148.02千(qian)米(mi),東(dong)西最寬處175.38千(qian)米(mi)。2017年石家莊(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)部分縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)、區)修訂轄區面(mian)積(ji)數值,經(jing)(jing)統計(ji),石家莊(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)實際總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)13504平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(不包括河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)直管辛(xin)集市(shi)(shi)面(mian)積(ji)960平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)),其(qi)中,8個建置區面(mian)積(ji)2220平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)。
石家莊市常年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)約13℃;年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)約511毫米(mi);年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日照時數約2350小時。
石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)轄8區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)13縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)),即長安(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、橋西區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、新華區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、裕華區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、井陘(xing)礦區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、藁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鹿(lu)泉區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、欒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、井陘(xing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、行(xing)唐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靈壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、高邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、深澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、贊皇(huang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、無極縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元氏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、趙(zhao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、晉(jin)州市(shi)(shi)、新樂市(shi)(shi)。擁有(you)2個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),即石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)高新技(ji)術(shu)產業開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(1991年(nian)3月國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)(pi)準設(she)(she)立(li)(li))、石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)經濟(ji)技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(1992年(nian)7月河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)批(pi)(pi)準設(she)(she)立(li)(li),2012年(nian)10月國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)(pi)準升級為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),由藁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)轄,曾稱藁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經濟(ji)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))。2013年(nian)6月1日,原石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)辛集市(shi)(shi)調整區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃設(she)(she)置,劃歸河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)直接管(guan)轄。另(ling)有(you)3個派出機(ji)構(國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級高新技(ji)術(shu)產業開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、河(he)(he)北(bei)石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)循(xun)環(huan)化工(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、綜合保稅(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))行(xing)使所在地(di)域(yu)行(xing)政管(guan)理權。2014年(nian)9月9日,國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)(pi)復(fu)河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)政府關于石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)部分行(xing)政區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃調整的請示(國(guo)(guo)(guo)函〔2014〕122號),同意撤(che)銷石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)橋東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、藁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、鹿(lu)泉市(shi)(shi)、欒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),同時設(she)(she)立(li)(li)石家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)藁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鹿(lu)泉區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、欒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)末全市(shi)(shi)共有(you)121個鎮、84個鄉、56個街道辦事處(chu),642個居委會、4010個行(xing)政村。
據《禹貢》記載,石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市夏(xia)禹時(shi)期為冀州(zhou)地。秦始皇統(tong)一中國后,全面推行郡(jun)縣(xian)制,屬(shu)巨鹿郡(jun)(郡(jun)治今巨鹿縣(xian))。清(qing)代,屬(shu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隸省真定(ding)府(府治今正(zheng)定(ding)鎮,清(qing)雍(yong)正(zheng)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)正(zheng)定(ding)府)、保定(ding)府(府治今清(qing)苑縣(xian))、趙州(zhou)(州(zhou)治今趙州(zhou)鎮)、定(ding)州(zhou)(州(zhou)治初(chu)屬(shu)祁州(zhou),雍(yong)正(zheng)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)今定(ding)州(zhou)市)。民(min)國元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)),中華(hua)民(min)國成(cheng)立(li),仍(reng)沿清(qing)制。民(min)國3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)),裁府設道(dao)。民(min)國14年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1925年(nian)(nian)(nian))6月24日(ri),中華(hua)民(min)國臨時(shi)執政(zheng)命令(ling)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隸省建(jian)立(li)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)市”,實行市自治制;8月29日(ri)中華(hua)民(min)國臨時(shi)執政(zheng)又以1273號指令(ling)批(pi)準(zhun)將(jiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia))莊(zhuang)、休門合并,取首(shou)尾(wei)各一字,更名(ming)為石(shi)(shi)(shi)門市。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月3日(ri),國務院(yuan)批(pi)準(zhun)撤(che)(che)銷石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu),改(gai)為石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月,國務院(yuan)批(pi)準(zhun)恢復石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)制。石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)轄石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市和25個縣(xian)。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月29日(ri),河(he)北(bei)(bei)省會遷至石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月11日(ri),石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市劃為河(he)北(bei)(bei)省直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轄市。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)地區(qu)(qu)革(ge)命委員會撤(che)(che)銷,成(cheng)立(li)河(he)北(bei)(bei)省石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)地區(qu)(qu)行政(zheng)公署(shu)。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月12日(ri),撤(che)(che)銷石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市革(ge)命委員會,恢復石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月30日(ri),石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)地區(qu)(qu)行政(zheng)公署(shu)與石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府合并,成(cheng)立(li)新的石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)市人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府。
月季 屬(shu)薔薇科(ke)、薔薇屬(shu),系木(mu)(mu)本(ben)落葉灌木(mu)(mu),原產中國(guo),已(yi)有2000多年的栽(zai)培(pei)歷(li)史,被譽(yu)為“花(hua)中皇后”,花(hua)色艷麗,千(qian)姿百(bai)態(tai),香(xiang)味馥郁(yu),品種繁多,露地栽(zai)培(pei)從春(chun)到秋處(chu)處(chu)可見其綽約豐(feng)姿,是美好(hao)、友誼(yi)、和(he)平的象征。月季還(huan)代表著石(shi)家莊人(ren)頑強不(bu)屈、堅韌不(bu)拔的品格,展示石(shi)家莊人(ren)奮發圖強、不(bu)斷(duan)進取的精(jing)神風貌。
國槐(huai)(huai)屬豆科槐(huai)(huai)屬,系落葉(xie)喬木。國槐(huai)(huai)原產于中國,栽培歷史悠久,抗逆性強,壽命長(chang)。石(shi)家(jia)莊市有百(bai)年以上古槐(huai)(huai)多達(da)(da)71株(zhu),其(qi)中500年以上的古槐(huai)(huai)就(jiu)達(da)(da)58株(zhu),且仍(reng)然枝繁葉(xie)茂,生機勃勃。它也能(neng)代表石(shi)家(jia)莊人(ren)頑強不(bu)屈、堅韌不(bu)拔的品格,展示石(shi)家(jia)莊人(ren)奮發圖強、不(bu)斷進取的精神風貌。
石(shi)(shi)家莊市(shi)東部為華北平原。西(xi)部為太行(xing)山區。西(xi)部山區地質(zhi)構造復(fu)雜,成礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)條件良好,擁有比(bi)較豐富的(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)資源(yuan)。資源(yuan)儲量(liang)固體(ti)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)有51種(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)地382處(chu)(包括15處(chu)共伴生礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)地),其中大型(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)地21處(chu)、中型(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)地48處(chu)、小型(xing)(xing)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)地313處(chu)。全市(shi)開發利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)28種(zhong),優勢礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)有金、銀、冶金用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白云(yun)巖(yan)、電石(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰(hui)巖(yan)、水(shui)泥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰(hui)巖(yan)、溶劑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灰(hui)巖(yan)、玻璃用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)英沙巖(yan)、飾面用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)材、碎云(yun)母9種(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)。已查明資源(yuan)儲量(liang)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)(chan)中,保有資源(yuan)儲量(liang)(折合礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)石(shi)(shi)量(liang))總(zong)計283071萬噸、折價1181.43億元。
石(shi)家莊市(shi)煤(mei)炭(tan)、石(shi)油、天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)等(deng)礦藏儲(chu)量較為豐富(fu),煤(mei)種有(you)肥煤(mei)、焦煤(mei)、無煙煤(mei)、氣(qi)煤(mei)等(deng)。全(quan)市(shi)煤(mei)炭(tan)保有(you)資源(yuan)儲(chu)量33153.4萬噸(dun),主(zhu)要分布(bu)在元氏縣(xian)(xian)和(he)井陘礦區,其次是贊皇縣(xian)(xian)。石(shi)油和(he)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)資源(yuan)主(zhu)要分布(bu)在晉州市(shi),油氣(qi)田地質儲(chu)量5.1億(yi)噸(dun),含油面積3.04萬平方米;天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)儲(chu)量19.2億(yi)立方米。
石家莊市生(sheng)物(wu)資(zi)源比較豐富。動物(wu)現知陸棲(qi)(包(bao)括兩棲(qi))脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)223種。其(qi)中(zhong),以鳥類(lei)最多,其(qi)次(ci)是獸類(lei),兩棲(qi)類(lei)及(ji)爬行(xing)類(lei)較少。
石家(jia)莊植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)屬暖溫帶針(zhen)闊混(hun)交(jiao)林,植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類型由自然植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)和人工(gong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)組成。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)結構復雜(za),種類繁多,植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物資源合計(ji)2500余種。其中草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物占(zhan)80%以上。木本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物有44科(ke)74屬144種,喬(qiao)木有26科(ke)35屬75種,灌木有23科(ke)34屬43種。
全市(shi)(shi)地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量(liang)(liang)(liang)5.32億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量(liang)(liang)(liang)11.77億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),扣除地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源重復計算量(liang)(liang)(liang),全市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)(liang)(liang)14.72億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比多年均(jun)值(zhi)20.35億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)減少5.63億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)全市(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)27.68億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。其中,地(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)7.60億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),占27.5%;地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)20.09億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),占72.5%。全市(shi)(shi)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)27.68億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
石家莊市土(tu)(tu)地資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)類型多樣(yang),適宜(yi)性廣(guang),土(tu)(tu)地資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)比(bi)較豐富。光、熱、水土(tu)(tu)條件適宜(yi),土(tu)(tu)地利用率和生產率高,但地域差異明顯(xian),土(tu)(tu)地后備資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)足。