電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)用以傳(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(磁(ci))能,信(xin)息和實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)能轉換的線(xian)(xian)材(cai)產(chan)品。廣義的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)亦簡稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),狹義的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)指絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。每(mei)個家(jia)里都要(yao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就離不開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)每(mei)個家(jia)庭裝(zhuang)修(xiu)需(xu)要(yao)慎重(zhong)購(gou)(gou)買的重(zhong)要(yao)對象。那家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)有(you)哪(na)些(xie)種(zhong)類?如何(he)選購(gou)(gou)優(you)質的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)安(an)裝(zhuang)需(xu)注(zhu)意什么呢?接下(xia)來(lai)小編就來(lai)一一解答。
1、硬(ying)線
專業稱為BV電(dian)(dian)線,主要用于(yu)供電(dian)(dian),照明,插(cha)座,空調,適(shi)用于(yu)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓450/750V及以下動力裝置、日用電(dian)(dian)器、儀表及電(dian)(dian)信設(she)備用的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)電(dian)(dian)線。硬線有一定的硬度,在(zai)折(zhe)角(jiao),拉直(zhi)方(fang)面會(hui)更加方(fang)便一些。
2、軟線
專業稱(cheng)為BVR電線(xian),適用(yong)(yong)于交流(liu)電壓450/750V及(ji)以(yi)下動力裝置、日用(yong)(yong)電器、儀(yi)表及(ji)電信設(she)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)的電纜電線(xian),如配(pei)電箱。軟(ruan)線(xian)相對(dui)硬(ying)線(xian)制作(zuo)較復雜,高頻電路軟(ruan)線(xian)比(bi)硬(ying)線(xian)載流(liu)量大。
3、硬、軟線(xian)(xian)(弱電線(xian)(xian))
分(fen)別(bie)由(you)單根和數根銅芯(xin)線組成,一般(ban)指(zhi)網線,電(dian)(dian)壓比較低的電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。
4、電線常見規格型(xing)號分類
電線多少平方即指的是電線的尺寸,常見的尺寸有1.5平方、2.5平方、4平方、6平方、10平方這幾種。電線平方是平方毫米,是指電線導線的截面積大小。詳細>>
1、導線直流(liu)電(dian)阻的測量:
電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)主要(yao)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號。導線(xian)(xian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)是其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)的(de)主要(yao)指標(biao),在(zai)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作用(yong)時線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)由于(yu)集膚效(xiao)應、鄰近效(xiao)應面比直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作用(yong)時大(da),但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率(lv)為50Hz時兩者相(xiang)差(cha)很小,現在(zai)標(biao)準(zhun)規定只能(neng)要(yao)求檢(jian)測線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)率(lv)是否(fou)超(chao)過標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)的(de)規定的(de)值,通過此(ci)項(xiang)的(de)檢(jian)查可以發現生產(chan)工藝中(zhong)的(de)某(mou)些缺陷,如導線(xian)(xian)斷裂或其(qi)中(zhong)部分單線(xian)(xian)斷裂、導線(xian)(xian)截面不符合標(biao)準(zhun)、產(chan)品的(de)長(chang)度(du)不正確等。
2、絕(jue)緣電阻的測試:
絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻式反映(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)特性的重要指標,與(yu)該(gai)產品的耐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)強度,介(jie)質損耗,以(yi)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料在(zai)工(gong)作狀態(tai)下的逐(zhu)漸劣化等均有密切的關系。對于通信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),線(xian)間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過低還會增大回(hui)路衰減、回(hui)路間(jian)的串音及在(zai)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯(xin)上進行遠距離供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泄露等,因此(ci)都要求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻應高于規定值。
3、電(dian)容及損耗因(yin)數的測量(liang):
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)加上(shang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),就有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)幅值和頻(pin)率一定時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小是正比(bi)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(Cx)。對于超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可能(neng)達到與(yu)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以(yi)(yi)相比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)值,成(cheng)為限(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)容(rong)量和傳輸距離的(de)(de)(de)重要因素。因此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)也是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)主要的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)參數(shu)(shu)之一。 通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和損(sun)耗因數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)測量可以(yi)(yi)發現絕緣(yuan)受潮,絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)和屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)脫落(luo)等各(ge)種(zhong)絕緣(yuan)劣化現象,因此(ci)無論在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)制(zhi)造或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)運行中都有進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和TANδ的(de)(de)(de)測量。
4、絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗:
電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度是指絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)結構和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料承受電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)(zuo)用而不發(fa)生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)破壞的(de)(de)能(neng)力,為了(le)檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產(chan)品(pin)質量,保證產(chan)品(pin)能(neng)安(an)全運行(xing),所有絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)類型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜一(yi)般都要進行(xing)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)。絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度試驗(yan)可分為耐壓試驗(yan)和擊穿(chuan)試驗(yan)。 時間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)般高于該試品(pin)的(de)(de)額定工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,具體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值和耐壓時間(jian),產(chan)品(pin)標準中(zhong)均(jun)有規定,通過耐壓試驗(yan)可以考驗(yan)產(chan)品(pin)在工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下運行(xing)的(de)(de)可靠性和發(fa)現絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)嚴(yan)重缺陷,也(ye)可發(fa)現生(sheng)產(chan)工藝的(de)(de)一(yi)些缺點。
5、老化及穩定性(xing)試驗:
老化試驗即是(shi)在應(ying)力(機械、電、熱)作用(yong)下,能(neng)否保持性(xing)能(neng)穩(wen)(wen)定的穩(wen)(wen)定性(xing)試驗。
熱老化試(shi)驗(yan)(yan):簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)熱老化試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是(shi)考驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)品(pin)在熱的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下發生老化的(de)(de)(de)特性,把試(shi)品(pin)放(fang)在高(gao)于額定工作(zuo)溫(wen)度(du)溫(wen)度(du)一定值的(de)(de)(de)環境中,這樣在較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)T下,得到較短的(de)(de)(de)壽命。
6、熱穩定(ding)試驗:
熱穩(wen)定性試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是電(dian)纜通過電(dian)流加熱的同時(shi)還承受一定的電(dian)壓,在(zai)經歷一定周期加熱之(zhi)后,測定某些敏感(gan)的性能(neng)參(can)數(shu)來評定絕緣的穩(wen)定性。 絕緣穩(wen)定性試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)分為(wei)長期的穩(wen)定性試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)短期的加速老(lao)化(hua)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)兩(liang)種(zhong)。
1、定義不同
廣義上,人們將電(dian)(dian)線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)纜統一稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜。電(dian)(dian)線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)纜之間,沒(mei)有(you)準(zhun)確(que)且固定的概念(nian)區(qu)分,一般僅以日常(chang)經驗來進行(xing)區(qu)分。在狹義上,分為(wei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)纜,電(dian)(dian)線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)纜一般都(dou)是由電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜導體、絕緣層和護套(tao)層三(san)個部分組成。
2、結構(gou)不同(tong)
電線(xian)是由一根或(huo)幾根柔軟的(de)(de)導線(xian)組成(cheng),外(wai)面包以輕(qing)軟的(de)(de)護層,用于承載電流的(de)(de)導電金屬(shu)線(xian)材。有(you)實心的(de)(de)﹑絞合的(de)(de)或(huo)箔片編(bian)織的(de)(de)等各種形式(shi)。按絕(jue)緣狀況分為裸電線(xian)和絕(jue)緣電線(xian)兩大類。
電纜由一根或(huo)(huo)多根相互絕緣(yuan)的導電線心置于密封護(hu)套(tao)中構成(cheng)的絕緣(yuan)導線。其外(wai)可加保護(hu)覆蓋(gai)層﹐用于傳(chuan)輸﹑分(fen)配(pei)電能(neng)或(huo)(huo)傳(chuan)送電信號。它(ta)與普通電線的差別(bie)主要是電纜尺寸(cun)較大(da)﹐結構較復雜。
3、直徑不同(tong)
直徑小的叫“線”;直徑大的叫“纜”。結構簡單(dan)的叫“線”;結構復雜的叫“纜”。
隨著使(shi)用范(fan)圍的擴大(da),很多品(pin)種“線(xian)(xian)(xian)中有(you)(you)纜(lan)(lan)”,“纜(lan)(lan)中有(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)”。所以沒(mei)有(you)(you)必要嚴格區分。在日常習(xi)慣上,人們把家用布(bu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)叫(jiao)做電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian),把電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)簡(jian)稱電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)主要包括裸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、繞組線(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)、通信(xin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與(yu)光纜(lan)(lan)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)裝備用。
1、看(kan)包(bao)裝
看(kan)包裝中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的合格證(zheng)(zheng),合格證(zheng)(zheng)上應包括規(gui)格、執行尺度(du)、額定電(dian)(dian)壓、長度(du)、日期(qi)、廠名廠址(zhi)等完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)信息。看(kan)有(you)無中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家強制產品(pin)認證(zheng)(zheng)的“CCC”和出產許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)號;看(kan)有(you)無質(zhi)量體系認證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu);看(kan)合格證(zheng)(zheng)是否(fou)(fou)規(gui)范;看(kan)電(dian)(dian)線上是否(fou)(fou)印(yin)有(you)商標、規(gui)格、電(dian)(dian)壓等。
2、檢查電線尺寸
在相關尺度(du)中劃定,電線長度(du)的(de)誤差不(bu)能(neng)超(chao)過(guo)2%,截面線徑不(bu)能(neng)超(chao)過(guo)0.02%,但市場上(shang)(shang)存(cun)在著大(da)量(liang)在長度(du)上(shang)(shang)短斤少兩、在截面上(shang)(shang)弄虛作假的(de)現象。
3、看銅(tong)的(de)顏色
合格的(de)銅(tong)芯(xin)電線(xian)銅(tong)芯(xin)應(ying)該是紫紅色(se)、有光澤、手感軟。而(er)偽劣(lie)的(de)銅(tong)芯(xin)線(xian)銅(tong)芯(xin)為紫玄色(se)、偏黃或偏白。
4、看絕(jue)緣膠皮(pi)
偽劣電線(xian)絕緣層看上去好(hao)像很厚實(shi)(shi),實(shi)(shi)際上大(da)多是用(yong)再生塑(su)料制成的,只要稍用(yong)力(li)擠壓(ya),擠壓(ya)處(chu)會成白色狀,并有粉末掉落(luo)。
5、看(kan)電線重量
質量(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)電線,一(yi)般都在劃定的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)范圍內。如常用的(de)(de)(de)截面積為(wei)1.5mm2的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料絕(jue)緣單股銅芯(xin)線,每(mei)100m重量(liang)為(wei)1.8~1.9kg。
6、看電(dian)線芯(xin)大小
幾(ji)(ji)芯一(yi)般指(zhi)電纜而言,它(ta)專指(zhi)絕緣外皮(pi)內部存在著幾(ji)(ji)根(gen)互(hu)相(xiang)絕緣的導線,有幾(ji)(ji)根(gen)就是(shi)(shi)幾(ji)(ji)芯,如果互(hu)相(xiang)之間不絕緣,有多少根(gen)都算一(yi)芯。兩芯是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)2根(gen)相(xiang)互(hu)絕緣的電線包在一(yi)起,一(yi)般用在220V以內的家用電。三芯有2種(zhong),一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)2相(xiang)三線制(zhi),一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)三相(xiang)三線制(zhi),4芯是(shi)(shi)三相(xiang)4線制(zhi)的,三個火線,一(yi)個零線,5芯是(shi)(shi)三相(xiang)5線制(zhi)。
7、看品牌(pai)
名優品牌,質量當然上乘。因此選購的時候,最好選擇信譽良好的品牌產品。因為只有大品牌才會珍惜自身的品牌形象和品牌價值,不會做虛假宣傳的,而且更加注重品質和服務。詳細>>
1、正(zheng)確的連線方式(shi)
在鋪設電線的過程(cheng)中應盡(jin)量避免出現接(jie)頭(tou)(tou),因為往(wang)往(wang)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)處是最容易出現較大(da)的電阻(zu),導(dao)致電線發(fa)熱,如(ru)果實在避免不(bu)了(le)產生接(jie)頭(tou)(tou),那么需要在接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)外(wai)用絕(jue)緣膠(jiao)布纏(chan)緊。
2、選擇合理(li)的安裝形(xing)式(shi)
安裝(zhuang)室(shi)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線可選(xuan)擇采用明裝(zhuang)和暗(an)裝(zhuang)兩種不同(tong)的形式,明裝(zhuang)就是(shi)沿著(zhu)墻(qiang)壁及(ji)天(tian)花(hua)板的表面等(deng)處(chu)敷設的,注(zhu)意(yi)家庭自行明裝(zhuang)時千萬(wan)不能擠壓或者折疊(die)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線,一定(ding)要(yao)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線固定(ding)牢固。暗(an)裝(zhuang)則是(shi)指在(zai)墻(qiang)壁內(nei)或天(tian)花(hua)板內(nei)等(deng)地方(fang)敷設的電(dian)(dian)(dian)線,為了安全起見,暗(an)裝(zhuang)必(bi)須由專業的人員進行操作。
3、正確使用地線
對于一些洗衣機和電冰箱這種需要用三相插頭的電器,一定要安裝可靠的地線。詳細>>
誤(wu)區1:強弱電共管(guan)
將所有的(de)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)收納(na)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、網(wang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電話線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)都(dou)放在同一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)底(di)合中,這樣線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路之間會(hui)受到干擾,導致信(xin)號不(bu)穩定。還會(hui)為家居發生火災埋下隱患。強弱(ruo)電應(ying)該(gai)分開走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),嚴禁強弱(ruo)電共用一(yi)(yi)(yi)管和一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)底(di)盒,強電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路平行間距不(bu)能低于3cm,最好是(shi)50cm,交叉必(bi)須成(cheng)直角。
誤區(qu)2:重復(fu)布(bu)線
每一(yi)條電(dian)線(xian)都(dou)使用(yong)一(yi)根(gen)管(guan)線(xian),墻面內(nei)部就埋下了(le)不少的管(guan)道,等(deng)到日后維(wei)(wei)修的時候,難(nan)以找出(chu)問題管(guan)線(xian)的位置(zhi)。一(yi)般來說,線(xian)路應該做成“活線(xian)”,在(zai)不超過管(guan)線(xian)容量的百分之四十的情況下,將同(tong)一(yi)走向的電(dian)線(xian)放在(zai)一(yi)根(gen)管(guan)內(nei)。這樣(yang)既經(jing)濟,又(you)避免(mian)了(le)日后維(wei)(wei)修的麻煩。
誤(wu)區(qu)3:電線(xian)不(bu)加(jia)套管直(zhi)埋(mai)
電(dian)線(xian)沒有(you)用絕緣管套好,接頭直接裸露在外,這樣容易引發安全隱患(huan)。電(dian)線(xian)的鋪設應(ying)規(gui)范(fan)明確,電(dian)線(xian)外必須有(you)絕緣套管保(bao)護,接頭不能(neng)裸露在外。因此,在施(shi)工監(jian)理(li)的時候,業主必須監(jian)督好施(shi)工方是否按要(yao)求(qiu)施(shi)工。
誤區(qu)4:插座導線隨意安裝
電源導線必須使用銅線橫截面。如果住的是舊房子,一定要把原來的鋁線換成銅線。因為鋁線極易氧化,接頭處容易打火。記得布線時一定要遵循“火線進開關,零線進燈頭”的原則,還要在插座上設漏電保護裝置。詳細>>
1、避免(mian)讓(rang)電線受潮、受熱、受腐蝕或碰(peng)傷,盡量在(zai)使用(yong)電線時讓(rang)其原理這些不(bu)健康的環境。
2、使用電線(xian)一段時間(jian)后,要對電線(xian)做好(hao)定(ding)期檢查(cha),如若(ruo)發現問(wen)題,應(ying)該在第一時間(jian)內更換。
3、不要讓(rang)電線超負荷(he)使用,避免出現(xian)意外事(shi)故。
4、時不時檢查一(yi)下家中電(dian)氣和線路的使用情況,發現問題,及時進行維護和檢修(xiu)。
5、一些因為被安裝(zhuang)在老式建筑線路,或(huo)年久失(shi)修的線路,要檢查電(dian)(dian)線是(shi)否老化,如若發現問題,應立即(ji)請(qing)電(dian)(dian)工予以搶修。
6、格外注意那些容易被洪水浸泡(pao)的(de)(de)線(xian)路,有(you)必要的(de)(de)話(hua),可以請電工遷移線(xian)路,并對其采(cai)取(qu)高架、防潮等措施進行防護。
7、雨天(tian)如(ru)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)應立即切斷電(dian)(dian)源,請(qing)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)檢(jian)查原因(yin),并派專人(ren)加以看護(hu)。