松木家具的分類
1、紅松:
紅(hong)松(song)(song)又(you)名果松(song)(song),屬于(yu)松(song)(song)科植物(wu),國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重點(dian)保護野生植物(wu)。主要分布(bu)在我國(guo)東(dong)北(bei)長白山到小興(xing)安嶺一帶(dai),紅(hong)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)輕軟,不易變(bian)形,耐腐能(neng)(neng)力(li)強(qiang),適(shi)用于(yu)建筑(zhu)、橋(qiao)梁(liang)、枕木、家具制(zhi)作等。紅(hong)松(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)優良、紋理通直,抗壓力(li)強(qiang),富(fu)含樹脂,耐朽力(li)強(qiang),工(gong)藝價值高(gao),油漆性能(neng)(neng)良好(hao),易干燥。木材(cai)(cai)(cai)可(ke)做建筑(zhu)、航空(kong)、橋(qiao)梁(liang)和(he)車船材(cai)(cai)(cai)。木材(cai)(cai)(cai)的刨削(xue)、車旋性能(neng)(neng)良好(hao),易于(yu)加(jia)工(gong),適(shi)于(yu)做各種模型,也可(ke)做膠合板(ban)、樂器和(he)運動(dong)器械等
2、白松:
白松(song)又名為華山(shan)松(song)、五須松(song)在秦巴山(shan)區(qu)、渭(wei)北一些山(shan)區(qu)丘陵(ling)都可栽植,年平均氣溫(wen)應在15℃以下,年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)在600—1500毫米。對(dui)土(tu)壤適應性強(qiang),在山(shan)地褐土(tu)、紅(hong)黃壤、紅(hong)色(se)(se)石灰土(tu)上都能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。但對(dui)土(tu)壤水(shui)分要求(qiu)較(jiao)嚴格,不耐(nai)干(gan)旱和瘠薄(bo),更不耐(nai)鹽堿和排水(shui)不良。華山(shan)松(song)較(jiao)能(neng)耐(nai)寒,在零下7—10℃的低溫(wen)下能(neng)正常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),在高達(da)零下31℃的絕(jue)對(dui)低溫(wen)下也可生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。材質輕軟,富有(you)彈性,結構(gou)細致均勻(yun),干(gan)燥性好,耐(nai)水(shui)、耐(nai)腐,加工、涂飾、著色(se)(se)膠結性好。白松(song)比紅(hong)松(song)強(qiang)度(du)高。
3、樟子松:
又名海拉爾(er)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(日)、蒙(meng)古赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(日)、西(xi)伯利亞赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黑河(he)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song),為(wei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)科大喬木(mu),樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(松(song)(song)(song)(song)科),常綠喬木(mu)。主要分(fen)布在大興安嶺北部海拔400-1,000米的山(shan)地(di)。在海拉爾(er)以西(xi)的嵯崗經海拉爾(er)西(xi)山(shan)向南,經紅(hong)花爾(er)基至(zhi)伊爾(er)施,成斷(duan)斷(duan)續續的帶狀分(fen)布,最(zui)南可達內蒙(meng)古錫林郭勒盟的寶格達山(shan)。樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)質(zhi)細、紋(wen)理(li)直,經防(fang)腐處(chu)理(li)后,能(neng)(neng)有(you)效地(di)防(fang)止霉菌、白蟻、微(wei)生(sheng)物的侵蛀,能(neng)(neng)有(you)效抑制處(chu)理(li)木(mu)材(cai)(cai)含水率的變化(hua),減少(shao)木(mu)材(cai)(cai)的開(kai)裂程度,使木(mu)材(cai)(cai)壽(shou)命(ming)延長到(dao)40至(zhi)50年。
4、花旗松:
是加(jia)拿(na)大(da)最(zui)大(da)的(de)樹(shu),包含兩大(da)樹(shu)種(zhong):海岸花(hua)(hua)旗松(song)和內陸花(hua)(hua)旗松(song)。邊材(cai)(cai)顏(yan)色淺(qian)、寬度(du)(du)窄。心材(cai)(cai)由黃色到紅褐色不等。早木(mu)及晚木(mu)顏(yan)色分別明顯(xian),后者有更深、更尖的(de)帶狀。這種(zhong)顏(yan)色差(cha)別造(zao)成平鋸時木(mu)紋形狀不同。木(mu)材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)地(di)細微到中等,紋路筆直、非滲水(shui)性。花(hua)(hua)旗松(song)是加(jia)拿(na)大(da)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)最(zui)大(da)的(de)商(shang)用(yong)軟木(mu)之一,其硬度(du)(du)高、抗磨損(sun)力強(qiang)(qiang),適(shi)用(yong)于磨損(sun)是一個因素的(de)地(di)方,如(ru)支(zhi)架、橋(qiao)部件、木(mu)屋和商(shang)業建(jian)筑物。花(hua)(hua)旗松(song)外觀良好,易于加(jia)工(gong)(gong),很適(shi)合(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成窗框和門框,木(mu)線(xian)條(tiao),櫥柜和其它細木(mu)工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)品。花(hua)(hua)旗松(song)的(de)硬度(du)(du)和強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)也增加(jia)了耐久性。
5、輻射松:
輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)(新西(xi)蘭(lan)松(song)(song))不是新西(xi)蘭(lan)的(de)(de)鄉土樹種,它原產于美國加州(zhou)的(de)(de)一些海島(dao)(dao)上。輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)在(zai)原產地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)長(chang)并(bing)不出(chu)色,干形(xing)差(cha),生(sheng)長(chang)速(su)度慢,未(wei)受到人們(men)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi),但是,因(yin)新西(xi)蘭(lan)島(dao)(dao)國獨特的(de)(de)立地(di)(di)(di)條件,使(shi)輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)順(shun)利安(an)家(jia)落戶,并(bing)異乎尋(xun)常地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)長(chang),日益受到人們(men)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)。輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)生(sheng)長(chang)區的(de)(de)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)12–20℃,可耐(nai)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)46℃,年(nian)日照時數2000h以上,年(nian)降水量(liang)為(wei)600–1250mm,除冬雨(yu)型(xing)氣候(hou)外,均(jun)(jun)雨(yu)型(xing)亦可,以濕潤氣候(hou)為(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)。輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)木(mu)材(cai)色澤柔和,握(wo)釘力強,是很好的(de)(de)家(jia)具用材(cai)。利用固(gu)(gu)化技術,可使(shi)輻(fu)射(she)松(song)(song)材(cai)家(jia)具更堅固(gu)(gu),而且(qie)有更好的(de)(de)色澤質感。
各種松木的特點
松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木屬于針葉植物(wu)(常見的(de)(de)針葉植物(wu)有(you)(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木、杉木、柏木),它具的(de)(de)特性有(you)(you):松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)香味(wei)、色淡黃、癤疤多(duo)(duo)、對(dui)大(da)氣溫度反(fan)映快、容易(yi)脹(zhang)大(da)、極難自(zi)然風(feng)干等。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木經人(ren)工處(chu)理(li)(如(ru)(ru)烘干、脫脂去除(chu)有(you)(you)機化合物(wu),漂白統一樹(shu)色,中(zhong)和(he)樹(shu)性)不(bu)易(yi)變(bian)形。俄羅斯(si)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song):與東(dong)北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)同一產品,只是(shi)因(yin)為國界的(de)(de)不(bu)同而已,所以如(ru)(ru)果(guo)說是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)俄羅斯(si)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),根(gen)本沒(mei)有(you)(you)必(bi)要進口。而東(dong)北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)種類很多(duo)(duo),紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(生長年(nian)限(xian)長一些(xie),紋理(li)比較細密,顏(yan)色偏(pian)紅),白松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(生長年(nian)限(xian)短(duan)一些(xie),紋理(li)比較粗)。白松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)包括很多(duo)(duo)類,樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、魚鱗松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、冷沙(sha)都是(shi)東(dong)北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)易(yi)變(bian)色,而冷沙(sha)是(shi)其中(zhong)質量最差的(de)(de)一種松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木,根(gen)本沒(mei)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)的(de)(de)用(yong)處(chu)。
阿根廷(ting)松:顏色(se)偏(pian)黃,密(mi)度比(bi)較大,容易(yi)開裂,色(se)差比(bi)較明顯。
新西蘭松(智利):色澤淡黃,紋理通直,干燥易,變形小,力學強度中等,加工性能好適宜制作家具和各種木制品。
巴西松(烏(wu)拉(la)圭):顏色比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)淡黃,文理較(jiao)(jiao)清(qing)晰,力學強(qiang)度中等,適全(quan)制作家具和各類木制品(pin)。
松木板材的優缺點
1、松(song)木(mu)生態(tai)板都是選用的(de)(de)(de)上等(deng)質量的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)葉林(lin)松(song)木(mu)種(zhong)類,這種(zhong)松(song)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)生長率比(bi)較強,而且松(song)樹在生長過(guo)程中沒有經過(guo)修剪,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)它(ta)在制作成家具后,也(ye)是可以(yi)(yi)看出它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao),這樣也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)突顯它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)特別之處(chu)。
2、具有良好(hao)的(de)抗潮濕,耐腐蝕的(de)功能,而且它也是比較環保的(de)材質;此外,松(song)木本身還有一(yi)種特有的(de)香味,這種味道可(ke)以起到提神的(de)功效。
3、松木家具并不(bu)需(xu)要進行過多的(de)工藝加(jia)(jia)(jia)工,因為木材本身就(jiu)有(you)自(zi)己的(de)紋理,且松木板材造型樸實大方、線條飽滿流暢,少加(jia)(jia)(jia)雕飾的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工手(shou)法(fa)環(huan)保健康(kang),看上去更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)美(mei)觀,這樣省去了(le)另外的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工工藝,降低(di)了(le)成本,還可以給房子增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)很多時尚(shang)美(mei)感效果。
4、使用壽(shou)命長(chang),經(jing)過不定期的保養,一般使用壽(shou)命較長(chang),且(qie)松木板材(cai)本身(shen)木質就非常的牢(lao)固(gu),不易損壞,由松木板材(cai)制作的家具質量當然也是很(hen)好(hao)的,并且(qie)比一般的木材(cai)壽(shou)命更長(chang)。
5、松木(mu)生態(tai)材中的(de)水份多一些(xie),這種松木(mu)容易開裂,所以(yi)松木(mu)家(jia)具一定不要長時間的(de)放到潮濕的(de)環境(jing)中。