【蓄熱(re)式(shi)電暖器(qi)】蓄熱(re)式(shi)電采(cai)暖器(qi)的特點 蓄熱(re)式(shi)電采(cai)暖器(qi)怎(zen)么(me)樣
隨著近幾年環(huan)保(bao)意識的(de)逐漸深入(ru)人心,在我國的(de)電量供給較(jiao)以往有所提(ti)高的(de)形勢下,比普通 采暖方式更具節能效果(guo)的(de)蓄熱式電采暖設(she)備的(de)推廣已逐漸提(ti)上(shang)日程。
據了解,目前在北歐(ou)一(yi)些國家(jia),用(yong)電(dian)(dian)作能源供(gong)暖(nuan)已經(jing)比(bi)較普遍。從(cong)發(fa)展方向上看(kan),水暖(nuan)向電(dian)(dian) 曖(ai)和(he)氣曖(ai)發(fa)展是合(he)乎環(huan)保(bao)發(fa)展趨(qu)勢的。電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)提高了采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)質量,可以實現住戶隨心所(suo)欲調節室溫和(he)開關的實際需要。但這也(ye)是一(yi)個頗有(you)爭(zheng)議(yi)的話題(ti)。有(you)專家(jia)認為城市多元化的采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)結構 有(you)助競爭(zheng),也(ye)有(you)專家(jia)認為熱電(dian)(dian)又(you)被還原成熱能會造成資源浪費。筆者將(jiang)從(cong)蓄熱式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)技術 分析(xi)、幾種(zhong)蓄熱電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)系統比(bi)較以及(ji)與其他采(cai)(cai)(cai)曖(ai)系統相比(bi)較的優勢這3個方面展示說明(ming)蓄熱式電(dian)(dian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)的優勢與良好的應用(yong)前景。
蓄熱式電采暖器的特(te)點
1、蓄熱式電采暖技術分析
電(dian)(dian)(dian)動采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)應用(yong)和(he)推廣,應以電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)相(xiang)對富裕為(wei)前提。實際上,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)方(fang)面最突出的(de)問(wen)題是 峰谷差(cha)(cha)的(de)不斷拉(la)大。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)僅在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)低(di)(di)谷期運(yun)行,則會削減電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負荷的(de)峰谷差(cha)(cha),有 利(li)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)網的(de)安全穩定(ding)運(yun)行。從經濟(ji)上看可使(shi)用(yong)便(bian)宜的(de)谷價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行成本大 幅(fu)度降(jiang)低(di)(di)。而要實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)低(di)(di)谷運(yun)行,則需(xu)要利(li)用(yong)蓄熱式電(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)設備。
蓄熱(re)(re)(re)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖設備(bei)(bei)是一(yi)種(zhong)清潔、安全(quan)、舒適和(he)可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)方式,目前這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖方式在(zai)北美(mei)和(he)歐洲用(yong)(yong)于冬季取暖十分流行。相比之(zhi)下,我國蓄熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)較少(shao),主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)余熱(re)(re)(re)或(huo)廢熱(re)(re)(re)利 用(yong)(yong)等方面。蓄熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)表現(xian)為(wei)平衡(heng)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)負(fu)荷之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)、減小設備(bei)(bei)容(rong)量(liang)和(he)提高系(xi)(xi)統(tong)效率(lv)等方面。因此(ci)在(zai)采(cai)暖熱(re)(re)(re)負(fu)荷一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,改變不同時間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小,在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)低谷(gu)期多(duo)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)高峰期少(shao)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)不用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re),供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)與熱(re)(re)(re)負(fu)荷之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)可 通過蓄熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置實現(xian),從而達(da)到(dao)減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)峰谷(gu)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)型(xing)式按蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)介(jie)質的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同有(you)直接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和間接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)兩(liang)種(zhong)。間接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)某種(zhong)中(zhong)間介(jie)質作為蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)介(jie)質來蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)。這種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)高,如鹽(yan)和油(you)組成的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)介(jie)質蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)340℃ ,而(er)用(yong)(yong)一種(zhong)熔化(hua)的(de)(de)硝酸鹽(yan)作為蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)介(jie)質蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)(da)566℃。但(dan)間接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)大, 而(er)采(cai)(cai)暖空調所用(yong)(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)量溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)低(di),故不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)采(cai)(cai)取這種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式。直接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)可(ke)將待蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)水 或蒸汽直接(jie)儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)容器內(nei)。直接(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)又可(ke)分為無(wu)壓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)和有(you)壓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)。無(wu)壓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式最(zui)高 蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)(da)95℃,且投(tou)資(zi)低(di)。有(you)壓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式是(shi)將蒸汽或高溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)水直接(jie)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)在球狀或圓柱(zhu)形(xing)壓力容器內(nei),蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)最(zui)高可(ke)達(da)(da)200℃。但(dan)有(you)壓蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)方(fang)(fang)式投(tou)資(zi)大,相(xiang)當于無(wu)壓方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)2~5倍 。
2、幾種蓄熱電采暖系統的比較
(1)熱水蓄熱裝置
由(you)于(yu)采(cai)用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re),從(cong)整體的(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)看,電(dian)動采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)起到(dao)了(le)對電(dian)網的(de)削峰填谷作(zuo)用(yong),從(cong)局(ju)部上講 ,由(you)于(yu)消耗(hao)(hao)的(de)是(shi)低(di)價電(dian)能(neng)(neng),采(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)運行成本會(hui)大幅度(du)(du)降低(di)。但是(shi),采(cai)暖(nuan)設備(bei)的(de)投(tou)資也會(hui)相應增(zeng)加,因為熱(re)(re)源容量(liang)與無蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)時相比(bi)增(zeng)大了(le),同時又增(zeng)加了(le)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)設備(bei)。從(cong)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)方(fang)面看,由(you)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)損失,與無蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)相比(bi),系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)增(zeng)加了(le)。對于(yu)熱(re)(re)泵系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),由(you)于(yu)提高制取熱(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)溫度(du)(du),熱(re)(re)泵性能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)顯著(zhu)降低(di),同時增(zeng)大了(le)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)。
對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)采暖(nuan)(nuan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),由(you)于熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)性能系(xi)數COP隨著所制取(qu)(qu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)升高(gao)而明顯(xian)降低(di), 因(yin)而本文選取(qu)(qu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)制取(qu)(qu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)70℃,相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)COP取(qu)(qu)為(wei)2.0,蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)只(zhi)能采用(yong)(yong)(yong)無壓(ya)(ya)形(xing)式(shi)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)采暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)有壓(ya)(ya)和無壓(ya)(ya)兩種蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),而且由(you)于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)為(wei)水(shui),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)應以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)加(jia)以(yi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。設熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效率為(wei)85%,一(yi)天中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力峰谷各(ge)占12h,由(you)此,表(biao)1中給出(chu)了(le)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)后采暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)有關指(zhi)標。可以(yi)看出(chu),從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力削峰填(tian)谷方(fang)面講,增設蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)采暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統所起的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)為(wei)顯(xian)著。從蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)看,有壓(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)明顯(xian)<無壓(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),但有壓(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)屬于壓(ya)(ya)力容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi),存在(zai)安(an)全問題(ti)。
增(zeng)設蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置后(hou),采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)初投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將會(hui)(hui)(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia),包括(kuo)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)本身(shen)因蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)而增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)。這部分附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)大小與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)型式、體積、位(wei)(wei)置以(yi)及系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運行方式 等(deng)有(you)關。對(dui)于電動熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng),只(zhi)有(you)當單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)量系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)<1 500元(yuan)/kW(熱(re)(re)(re))時(shi),采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)才(cai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)比無蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)好。一般情況(kuang)下系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)<該值。但如(ru)果蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)器空間占用費昂貴, 例(li)如(ru):設置在市(shi)區(qu)黃金地段(duan)內,則可能(neng)使系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驟增(zeng),導(dao)致蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)不能(neng)提高整體 系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)。對(dui)于電鍋(guo)爐,只(zhi)要單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)量蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)<4 900元(yuan)/kW(熱(re)(re)(re)),采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)就會(hui)(hui)(hui)比無蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)好,通常系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)附(fu)(fu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不會(hui)(hui)(hui)大于此(ci)值。因此(ci),對(dui)于電動熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan), 是否(fou)增(zeng)設蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置,應根據具體情況(kuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)分析論證后(hou)決定。而電鍋(guo)爐采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)增(zeng)設蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果是很(hen)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)。
(2)蓄熱電暖器
在電動采暖中,可以通過熱水蓄熱實現電力的削峰填谷。但是,由于蓄熱器的容積很大,只 能用于集中式的電動供熱系統,若于家用電暖氣結合,將會占用房間較大空間,這是不現實的。為此,一種電暖氣與相變蓄熱相結合的采暖裝置—相變蓄熱電暖氣被提出來。該相變蓄熱電暖氣包括溫控、時控的雙重控制開關、電加熱裝置、換熱容器、密閉在其中的相變材料和保溫隔熱外套組成。其特征在于時控開關內固化了時控程序,使電加熱器只能在某一時段內(電網負荷低谷段)接通。當電加熱裝置接通電源后,相變材料才開始升溫融化。當相變材料完全融化時,溫控開關使加熱裝置停止工作,這時熱量主要有相變材料以潛熱方式儲存 起來。在室內需要加熱的時候,打開風門或開啟電扇,電暖氣開始對外放熱,液態的相變材料逐漸凝固,同時放出凝固熱。由于相變過程為近似等溫過程,相變潛熱較大,故即使在不 通電的情況下也能近似等溫放熱較長時間。實際應用中,電暖氣外部設置隔熱套,能達到很 好的保溫效果。隔熱套保證所蓄熱量存在于電曖器內,需要取曖時,隔熱套部分或者全部打開,換熱容器向外放出熱量。隔熱套的形狀可以做成帶有進出氣門的整體箱式結構,在出氣口可設置排風扇,也可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)設置(zhi)風扇,完(wan)全依靠自然對(dui)流和室內(nei)空氣(qi)進行熱(re)(re)(re)交換。由于(yu)相變材料畜(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)力(li)大(da),蓄熱(re)(re)(re)效率高,而作為熱(re)(re)(re)源的電加熱(re)(re)(re)器成本較低,因而可(ke)以(yi)克服以(yi)上熱(re)(re)(re)水蓄熱(re)(re)(re)的不(bu)足。
由表(biao)1可(ke)以看出,這種采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)容積僅為無壓熱(re)(re)水蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)1/8,是(shi)有壓熱(re)(re)水蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)1/3。另(ling)外,相變(bian)蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)曖器(qi)調節靈活(huo),設置在采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)房間內(nei),即開即用,放熱(re)(re)功率可(ke)由風扇或者風門控制(zhi),因而(er)可(ke)減(jian)小最大(da)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)負荷小時(shi)(shi)(shi)數。該種采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)經濟性好于電(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)和燃氣鍋爐(lu)(lu)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),這種電(dian)(dian)曖器(qi)可(ke)以減(jian)小峰谷差,對于電(dian)(dian)網安全(quan)高效運行(xing)具有積極意義。 因此,相變(bian)蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)曖器(qi)是(shi)一種具有良好發展前景的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)系(xi)統。但由于相變(bian)蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)曖器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)耗電(dian)(dian)功率高,當房間采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)負荷較大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi),存在用戶電(dian)(dian)路改造問(wen)題。
3、蓄熱式電采暖系統的優點
蓄熱(re)式(shi)電加熱(re)設(she)備體現了全新的人性化設(she)計(ji)理念(nian),符合用戶變“被動采暖(nuan)”為(wei)“主動采暖(nuan)” ,自主提高生活(huo)質量和生命(ming)質量的消費要求,逐漸為(wei)越來越多的人所青睞。
與其他傳(chuan)統采暖系統相比(bi),蓄熱式電(dian)采暖系統有以下優點(dian):
(1)安裝簡單,無需考慮管路
集(ji)中供熱(re)(re)涉及電廠、熱(re)(re)廠、用(yong)(yong)戶等(deng)多個經營環節(jie),容(rong)易引發交費(fei)糾紛,同時集(ji)中供熱(re)(re)要消(xiao)耗 大量煤炭,還(huan)平添管(guan)道鋪設和(he)維護、土地(di)占用(yong)(yong)等(deng)投(tou)入及管(guan)理成本,既麻煩(fan)又浪費(fei),而蓄熱(re)(re)式電采暖(nuan)系統(tong)只需一面平整(zheng)的墻進行(xing)固定和(he)一根與電源相連的電線,因此(ci)它不(bu)會給房間布(bu)局(ju)帶(dai) 來不(bu)便。不(bu)需任何沉重的設備和(he)管(guan)道,安裝(zhuang)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)至少節(jie)省50%。
(2)熱損失小
傳統采暖系統通過供熱管道將損失(shi)10%~30%的熱量,而蓄(xu)熱式電采暖系(xi)統(tong)所(suo)有電能(neng)都能(neng)直接完(wan)全轉化(hua)為熱能(neng),效率近100%。
(3)分室供暖,控溫隨意
在冬(dong)季(ji),用戶可(ke)根據(ju)需(xu)要隨時獲得溫暖(nuan)(nuan),而無須受到供暖(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)的(de)限(xian)制。獨立工作,因此它可(ke) 以(yi)根據(ju)每個房間(jian)的(de)不同需(xu)要提供熱能。獨立的(de)恒(heng)溫器和溫度調控器可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)每個房間(jian)設定所(suo)需(xu)溫度,令房間(jian)更舒適(shi),并減少(shao)電能消耗。
(4)無污染,保護環境
電(dian)屬于清潔能(neng)源,使(shi)用方(fang)便,而且無任何污(wu)染。
(5)體積小,節省空間
并且設計(ji)風格多樣,可與(yu)任何裝飾相配。
(6)安全可靠
因(yin)為電暖氣本(ben)身溫度較(jiao)低(di),壽命長,所(suo)以(yi)無需定(ding)期檢修 ,因(yin)為具(ju)有防火防漏(lou)電功能,所(suo)以(yi)更加(jia)安全可靠,而數據顯(xian)示,燃煤(mei)采暖系統(tong)有損(sun)健(jian)康,燃氣則有安全隱患。
4、結束語
綜上所述,蓄(xu)熱(re)式電(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)(tong)是一種(zhong)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)益都(dou)非常好的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形式,可有(you)效(xiao)減少冬季取(qu)曖對環境造成的(de)(de)污染;因其本(ben)身具有(you)“移峰填(tian)谷”的(de)(de)作用,所以(yi)還 可以(yi)提高電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)運行效(xiao)率。但(dan)是,投(tou)資(zi)費(fei)用大也是阻(zu)礙(ai)電(dian)熱(re)蓄(xu)能式供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)(tong)推(tui)廣(guang)的(de)(de)瓶頸,因 此,政府部門應推(tui)出相應的(de)(de)優惠政策(ce),鼓勵采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)(tong)增設蓄(xu)熱(re)裝置。在電(dian)力峰谷差不斷(duan)拉大 的(de)(de)今天(tian),蓄(xu)熱(re)在電(dian)動采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)中的(de)(de)應用應該進一步引起充分(fen)的(de)(de)重(zhong)視。
隨著經濟的(de)(de)不斷增(zeng)長,中(zhong)(zhong)國已(yi)開始重視生態環境(jing)的(de)(de)保(bao)護以保(bao)證可持(chi)續發展(zhan)。而(er)為(wei)了減少城市 的(de)(de)污(wu)染,中(zhong)(zhong)國政(zheng)府也已(yi)開始采取(qu)措施(shi)推動利用(yong)電(dian)能和其他優于煤的(de)(de)清潔能源(yuan),并鼓勵(li)人們在家庭中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)電(dian)力取(qu)曖(ai)器,來取(qu)代傳統(tong)的(de)(de)煤或燃氣(qi)取(qu)暖,其中(zhong)(zhong)重點推廣的(de)(de)便是蓄熱式(shi)電(dian)采暖設備。在能源(yuan)危機日益嚴重的(de)(de)將來這采曖(ai)方(fang)式(shi)應作為(wei)主要的(de)(de)采暖手段之一而(er)得到普及。