中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)是以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)河(he)南(nan)省的(de)(de)物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)和(he)精神(shen)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)總稱，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)母體和(he)主(zhu)干。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)以河(he)南(nan)省為(wei)核(he)(he)心，以廣大(da)的(de)(de)黃河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)腹地(di)(di)(di)，逐層向外(wai)輻射，影響延(yan)及海外(wai)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)搖籃，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)重要源頭(tou)和(he)核(he)(he)心組成部(bu)分。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)在古(gu)代(dai)不(bu)僅是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)政(zheng)治經濟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，也是主(zhu)流文(wen)化(hua)和(he)主(zhu)導文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)發源地(di)(di)(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)先后有20多個(ge)朝代(dai)定都(dou)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，河(he)南(nan)省占據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)八大(da)古(gu)都(dou)的(de)(de)一半，包括洛陽、開封、安陽和(he)鄭州。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)以特殊的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)境、歷(li)史(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)和(he)人文(wen)精神(shen)，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)在漫長的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長期居于正統(tong)主(zhu)流地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)一定程度上(shang)代(dai)表著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)文(wen)化(hua)。

一.中原文化的文明起源

在中(zhong)原地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)考古中(zhong)，史前文(wen)明在這里的(de)連續性表現(xian)(xian)強烈。從新石(shi)器時(shi)(shi)代中(zhong)期開始，自東(dong)向西的(de)磁山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、裴(pei)李崗(gang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和老官臺(tai)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在中(zhong)原崛起，它們(men)之間聯系緊密，已(yi)經形成一個較大的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)域，與周邊文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)同一時(shi)(shi)期的(de)孤(gu)立發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)相比，已(yi)表現(xian)(xian)出明顯(xian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)優勢。新石(shi)器時(shi)(shi)代晚期的(de)仰(yang)韶(shao)(shao)半坡文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)由老官臺(tai)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)而(er)來(lai)，向北(bei)(bei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)，沿黃河擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)至(zhi)洛陽(yang)，經漢水(shui)流(liu)域影響到(dao)南(nan)陽(yang)盆地(di)(di)。而(er)中(zhong)原地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)仰(yang)韶(shao)(shao)后岡文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)則擴(kuo)張至(zhi)晉南(nan)、魯(lu)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)等地(di)(di)。仰(yang)韶(shao)(shao)半坡文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和仰(yang)韶(shao)(shao)后岡文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相互(hu)影響而(er)形成的(de)仰(yang)韶(shao)(shao)廟底溝(gou)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)迅(xun)速(su)向四方(fang)擴(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)，北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)河套(tao)地(di)(di)區(qu)，南(nan)達漢水(shui)中(zhong)游(you)，東(dong)抵(di)華北(bei)(bei)平原北(bei)(bei)部，西伸(shen)甘(gan)肅湟水(shui)流(liu)域。與周邊相比，這一時(shi)(shi)期的(de)中(zhong)原文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)處于中(zhong)心地(di)(di)位(wei)的(de)強勢文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，起主導(dao)作用。

裴李崗文化時(shi)(shi)期(qi)人們(men)開(kai)始建造(zao)半地穴式(shi)的(de)(de)房屋，經(jing)濟以(yi)農業(ye)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，出現家畜飼養(yang)，并伴(ban)有采集及狩獵等生產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)。仰韶文化繼承了裴李崗文化的(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)始形成大(da)規模建房而居(ju)的(de)(de)聚落，彩陶的(de)(de)使用證明了燒制技術的(de)(de)出現。從龍山(shan)文化開(kai)始出現較多(duo)的(de)(de)城址，屬于萬(wan)邦時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，青銅容的(de)(de)使用推動了社(she)會生產(chan)(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)大(da)力(li)發展，占卜等巫術活動當(dang)時(shi)(shi)較為(wei)(wei)盛行。二里頭(tou)文化與夏文化有著直(zhi)接的(de)(de)聯系(xi)，中(zhong)原地區在這一(yi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)開(kai)始進(jin)入全新的(de)(de)文明時(shi)(shi)代。在偃師二里頭(tou)遺址，發現了中(zhong)國迄今最早的(de)(de)王朝都城遺址，碧(bi)龍形器的(de)(de)發現為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)華民族的(de)(de)圖(tu)騰—龍找到(dao)了最直(zhi)接、最正(zheng)統的(de)(de)根源。

二.中原文化主要包含以下幾點：

中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)既是(shi)(shi)一個歷(li)史(shi)概(gai)(gai)念(nian)，也是(shi)(shi)一個空(kong)間概(gai)(gai)念(nian)。根(gen)(gen)據中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)內容的(de)(de)特色(se)，大(da)體可(ke)以(yi)概(gai)(gai)括為 河洛文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、漢字文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、姓氏文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、根(gen)(gen)親文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 三商文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、禮儀(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 中(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、詩(shi)詞文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、武術(shu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、戲(xi)曲文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 史(shi)前(qian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、神(shen)龍文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 政(zheng)治(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、思想(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、名流文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、英雄(xiong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 農(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 商業文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 科技文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、醫(yi)學文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、宗教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、 民俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等18種文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)為基礎的(de)(de)物質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)精神(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)總(zong)稱，最早(zao)可(ke)追溯至公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)約(yue)六千(qian)年至公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)約(yue)三千(qian)年的(de)(de)中(zhong)國新石(shi)器時代。中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)重要源頭和(he)核心組(zu)成部分。

1.河洛文化：指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)中(zhong)國古(gu)代河(he)洛(luo)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化。河(he)洛(luo)地(di)區(qu)指的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)河(he)中(zhong)游潼關(guan)至鄭州段的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)岸， 洛(luo)水、 伊水及 嵩山周圍地(di)區(qu)，包(bao)(bao)括潁水上游登封(feng)等(deng)地(di)，大致包(bao)(bao)括北緯34°至35°、東經110°至114°之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)，概言之就是(shi)今天河(he)南(nan)省的(de)(de)(de)西部地(di)區(qu)。

2.神龍文化：神龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是智慧、勇敢、吉祥、尊(zun)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征。河(he)南(nan)是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)鄉。被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)始祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)太昊伏羲(xi)，在(zai)今(jin)周口淮陽(yang)(yang)一(yi)(yi)帶“以龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)師而(er)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)名(ming)”，首創龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)圖騰，實現(xian)了上古時期多個部(bu)族的(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)次大融合；被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)又一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)始祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)黃帝，在(zai)統一(yi)(yi)黃河(he)流域各(ge)部(bu)落(luo)之后，為(wei)(wei)凝聚(ju)各(ge)部(bu)族的(de)(de)(de)思想和(he)精(jing)神，在(zai)今(jin)新(xin)鄭(zheng)一(yi)(yi)帶也用龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)作為(wei)(wei)新(xin)部(bu)落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)圖騰，我們今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)中國人(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“ 炎黃子孫(sun)”和(he)“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)傳人(ren)(ren)(ren)”，就(jiu)是因(yin)此而(er)來。濮陽(yang)(yang)蚌(bang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)距(ju)今(jin)6400年(nian)，是中國最早的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形(xing)象(xiang)，被(bei)考古學(xue)(xue)界譽為(wei)(wei)“中華(hua)(hua)第一(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”；在(zai)“華(hua)(hua)夏第一(yi)(yi)都” 偃師二(er)里頭遺址發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)大型(xing) 綠松(song)石龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形(xing)器，距(ju)今(jin)至少(shao)3700年(nian)，被(bei)學(xue)(xue)者命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“ 中國龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，等等。

3.漢字文化：漢(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是傳承和(he)弘揚中(zhong)(zhong)華文化(hua)的(de)重要載體(ti)，是中(zhong)(zhong)華民族的(de)基本標志，并對朝鮮、韓國、日本等國文字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文化(hua)有巨大而深遠的(de)影(ying)響。連續4000多年(nian)的(de)漢(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文化(hua)史(shi)，可以說(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)是一(yi)部中(zhong)(zhong)原漢(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)史(shi)，漢(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)及(ji)其(qi)每(mei)一(yi)個重要發(fa)展階段(duan)幾乎(hu)都發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)原大地上(shang)。黃帝(di)時代 倉頡造字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、安(an)陽 甲(jia)骨(gu)文出土，上(shang)蔡人(ren)李斯(si)幫助秦始皇(huang)“書同(tong)文”、制定規(gui)范書寫“小篆”，漯河人(ren)許慎編寫世界第(di)一(yi)部字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)典、歸納漢(han)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)成規(gui)律(lv)、統一(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)義解析的(de)，他在(zai)家鄉(xiang)完成了《 說(shuo)(shuo)文解字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》；規(gui)范性(xing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)“宋體(ti)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)在(zai)河南開封，活字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)印刷術也發(fa)明于這里。

4.姓氏文化：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)無(wu)論肇(zhao)始與大量(liang)衍生都與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原關系密切(qie)。《 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)大典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的4820個 漢族姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，起源于河(he)南(nan)的有(you)(you)1834個；在當今的前(qian)300個大姓(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，根在河(he)南(nan)的有(you)(you)171個，前(qian)100個大姓(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，根在河(he)南(nan)的有(you)(you)78個，無(wu)論是(shi)李(li)、王、張、劉為(wei)代表的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)四(si)大姓(xing)(xing)(xing)，還是(shi)林、陳、鄭、練、黃為(wei)代表的南(nan)方大姓(xing)(xing)(xing)，其根均在河(he)南(nan)。河(he)南(nan)以“萬(wan)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)同(tong)根，萬(wan)宗同(tong)源”為(wei)主題舉(ju)辦姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)節。姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)是(shi)河(he)南(nan)獨有(you)(you)的文(wen)化(hua)現象。

5.農耕文化：農(nong)業(ye)最早是在中(zhong)原地(di)區興起(qi)來的(de)(de)。中(zhong)原農(nong)耕(geng)(geng)文化包(bao)含了(le)眾多(duo)特(te)色耕(geng)(geng)作技術、科學發明(ming)。裴(pei)李崗文化有(you)關遺(yi)存中(zhong)出(chu)土了(le)不少農(nong)業(ye)生產工(gong)具，為早期農(nong)耕(geng)(geng)文化的(de)(de)發達(da)提供了(le)實(shi)物證據(ju)。

6.詩文文化：河南是中國文學(xue)的發祥地。中國第一部(bu)詩歌總集(ji)《 詩經》中，河南篇目作品100多(duo)篇占三(san)分之一之多(duo)。歷(li)史上有“漢魏文章半洛陽(yang)”之說，左思《三(san)都賦》創造了“ 洛陽(yang)紙貴”的佳話。唐(tang)代(dai)三(san)大詩人河南有其二(er)，“ 詩圣(sheng)” 杜甫、“ 詩魔” 白居易。著(zhu)名文學(xue)家有 蔡文姬(ji)、 潘安、 謝靈運、 江淹、韓愈、 劉(liu)禹錫、 元稹、 李賀、 李商隱(yin)等(deng)。

7.商業文化：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)品和(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業起源于商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地區產生(sheng)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華商(shang)(shang)(shang)業文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)(duo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)。夏代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 王亥(hai)“肇(zhao)牽車牛遠(yuan)服賈(jia)”，是第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)用牛車拉著貨物到遠(yuan)地去(qu)做生(sheng)意，被奉為商(shang)(shang)(shang)業鼻祖。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)儒(ru)商(shang)(shang)(shang)河南(nan)浚縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 子貢，不僅(jin)能做官而(er)且善(shan)于經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)致(zhi)富(fu)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)熱(re)心公益事業而(er)被后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱為商(shang)(shang)(shang)圣(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 范蠡，幫助越王勾踐滅吳復國(guo)之(zhi)后(hou)，悄然引退，把才(cai)能用于經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)愛國(guo)商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)新鄭(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 弦高，在經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)途(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遇到了秦師(shi)入侵，以自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)五(wu)頭牛為代(dai)(dai)價智退秦軍。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)史上(shang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)批職業商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)誕生(sheng)于西(xi)周時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)由政府頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)法規《 質誓》誕生(sheng)于 春秋時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)新鄭(zheng)，以“城門之(zhi)征(zheng)”為代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關稅征(zheng)收發生(sheng)在春秋時期的(de)(de)(de)(de) 商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)有戰略思(si)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)產業商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為東周時洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 白圭，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業理論家(jia)是東周時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang) 河南(nan)省宣傳片 丘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 計然，最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)訴訟(song)條例發生(sheng)在春秋時的(de)(de)(de)(de)新鄭(zheng)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)理論的(de)(de)(de)(de)倡導者為西(xi)漢洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) 桑弘羊，唐代(dai)(dai)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)城內的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三市(shi)之(zhi)長”是最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“市(shi)長”。北宋 汴京（今開封）是世界上(shang)又一(yi)座人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口超(chao)百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)際化(hua)大都市(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口150多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)，宋代(dai)(dai)畫(hua)家(jia)張擇(ze)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)《 清明上(shang)河圖》就是這一(yi)盛況的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實寫照。清代(dai)(dai)鞏義 康百(bai)(bai)萬(wan)家(jia)族，寫下了“富(fu)過十(shi)二(er)代(dai)(dai)、歷(li)經(jing)(jing)400年而(er)不敗”的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業神話(hua)。

8.思想文化：中(zhong)原思(si)想文化是中(zhong)華民族思(si)想文化的核心(xin)。伏羲在(zai)河南淮(huai)陽(yang)一帶演八卦(gua)，后來周文王(wang)在(zai) 伏羲八卦(gua)的基礎上(shang)，在(zai)河南安陽(yang) 羑里城監獄里寫成了對后世(shi)產生深遠影(ying)響的《 易經》。周公(gong)在(zai)洛(luo)邑制禮作樂，建立典章制度，教化人倫(lun)。列子在(zai)此(ci)講學受徒。

9.科技文化： 四大(da)發明(ming)(ming)，在中(zhong)原孕育而(er)發明(ming)(ming)。安陽(yang)“ 司母戊”大(da)方鼎，是迄(qi)今為止發現(xian)的(de)最(zui)大(da)最(zui)重的(de)青銅器(qi)。東漢杜詩發明(ming)(ming)的(de)“ 水(shui)排”鼓風技術，較歐洲早(zao)1000余年(nian)。《 鸛魚石斧圖陶(tao)缸》被稱為“中(zhong)國最(zui)早(zao)的(de)國畫”，距今已(yi)有6000年(nian)歷史(shi)，被 國家文物局(ju)列(lie)為全國67件 不可(ke)移動(dong)文物之(zhi)首。“仰韶彩陶(tao)”造型精美，“ 唐三彩”馳名中(zhong)外，代表了(le)歷史(shi)上(shang)瓷器(qi)制作技術的(de)最(zui)高水(shui)平(ping)。南(nan)陽(yang)“科圣”張衡發明(ming)(ming)的(de)“ 地動(dong)儀”比西方早(zao)1700年(nian)；創立的(de)“渾(hun)天(tian)說”。唐代 僧一(yi)行，不僅發明(ming)(ming)了(le)世界上(shang)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)自動(dong)計時器(qi)，而(er)且比英(ying)國天(tian)文學家哈雷(lei)早(zao)1000年(nian)提(ti)出了(le)“恒星自行”的(de)觀(guan)點。

10.中醫文化：中(zhong)原醫(yi)(yi)學文化以整體的治(zhi)療(liao)思想(xiang)，多(duo)角(jiao)度(du)觀察(cha)病理的方法，奇特的治(zhi)療(liao)技(ji)術(shu)，和諧的用藥手段而著稱于世，是(shi)傳(chuan)統文化中(zhong)的精華與國粹。黃(huang)帝(di)被(bei)后人(ren)公認為(wei)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥的創始人(ren)，中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥文化起源并(bing)發達于中(zhong)原。南(nan)陽人(ren)張仲景被(bei)尊稱為(wei)“醫(yi)(yi)圣”，其《傷寒(han)雜病論(lun)》被(bei)譽中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)瑰寶(bao)，享(xiang)譽中(zhong)外(wai)。

11.武術文化：武(wu)術文化又稱功夫文化。中原(yuan)武(wu)術文化技冠(guan)天(tian)下，溫縣陳(chen)(chen)家溝人(ren) 陳(chen)(chen)王廷創(chuang)立的 太極拳，是中國武(wu)術文化的又一重要流(liu)派。

12.民俗文化： 百(bai)家(jia)衣和 百(bai)家(jia)飯是河南(nan)的(de)風俗文化之一。百(bai)家(jia)衣是嬰(ying)兒服的(de)一種，由一百(bai)個家(jia)庭貢(gong)獻出的(de)布片做(zuo)成，故(gu)名(ming)百(bai)家(jia)衣。

13.軍事思想和文化：河南(nan)自古為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)軍事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)中(zhong)心，歷史(shi)上各個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期發生了無數次戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)和戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)，政治、軍事(shi)(shi)思想(xiang)文化(hua)非(fei)常豐富。祖籍南(nan)陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呂尚（姜(jiang)子牙、姜(jiang)太公）的(de)(de)(de)(de)《六韜》，顯示了商周時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事(shi)(shi)思想(xiang)；春秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)政治家(jia)(jia)、思想(xiang)家(jia)(jia)范(fan)蠡（南(nan)陽(yang)人）輔(fu)助越王勾(gou)踐滅吳（臥(wo)薪嘗膽），提出(chu)樸素唯物(wu)主義戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)觀：持盈者與(yu)天(tian)(tian)，定傾者與(yu)人，節事(shi)(shi)者與(yu)地。靈活(huo)多變的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)術(shu)(shu)觀：后則用陰(yin)，先則用陽(yang)； 近則用柔(rou)，遠則用剛。富國(guo)(guo)強(qiang)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)防(fang)觀：審備(bei)(bei)則可戰(zhan)(zhan)，審備(bei)(bei)慎(shen)守，以(yi)待不虞，備(bei)(bei)設(she)守固，必可應難。春秋戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期，鬼谷子的(de)(de)(de)(de)縱橫(heng)之(zhi)術(shu)(shu)（縱橫(heng)家(jia)(jia)思想(xiang)代表(biao)），其弟子蘇秦(qin)、張(zhang)儀(yi)用合(he)縱連橫(heng)之(zhi)術(shu)(shu)指導秦(qin)統一了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)；漢初三杰、著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)謀(mou)士(shi)和政治家(jia)(jia)張(zhang)良繼承黃石公的(de)(de)(de)(de)《三略(lve)》（黃石公略(lve)）；三國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期，南(nan)陽(yang)智圣諸(zhu)葛亮未(wei)出(chu)茅廬便(bian)提出(chu)“三分天(tian)(tian)下”之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)決(jue)策，最終形成了三國(guo)(guo)鼎立局面(mian)；民(min)族(zu)英雄岳飛領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)岳家(jia)(jia)軍戰(zhan)(zhan)無不勝，阻擋了金(jin)(jin)岳南(nan)下，打(da)擊了金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵略(lve)，金(jin)(jin)軍嘆服(fu)：“撼山易，撼岳家(jia)(jia)軍難。”其杰出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)和戰(zhan)(zhan)術(shu)(shu)思想(xiang)體現在其著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)兵書《岳武(wu)穆書》中(zhong)。

14.哲學宗教：

中(zhong)原地(di)區是(shi)中(zhong)國儒(ru)(ru)家、道家、墨(mo)家的(de)(de)誕生地(di)。儒(ru)(ru)家文化發源于中(zhong)原的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要標(biao)志是(shi)《易(yi)經》，上古《易(yi)經》被儒(ru)(ru)家尊為儒(ru)(ru)學六(liu)經之(zhi)首。伏(fu)羲(xi)在河(he)南淮(huai)陽創造八(ba)卦，周文王將(jiang)伏(fu)羲(xi)的(de)(de)八(ba)卦推演(yan)成(cheng)六(liu)十(shi)四(si)卦。孔子拜讀易(yi)經六(liu)十(shi)四(si)卦后，寫下了(le)十(shi)篇心(xin)得筆記，史稱《十(shi)翼(yi)》，《十(shi)翼(yi)》是(shi)對《易(yi)經》的(de)(de)詮(quan)釋。河(he)南河(he)陽（今孟(meng)縣(xian)）的(de)(de)韓(han)愈建立(li)了(le)儒(ru)(ru)學道統，并(bing)努力復興(xing)儒(ru)(ru)學。將(jiang)儒(ru)(ru)學發展到理(li)學形態的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要學說之(zhi)一是(shi)二程(cheng)洛(luo)學。

河南(nan)是道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)發祥(xiang)地，出生于(yu)河南(nan)鹿邑的(de)(de)老子是道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)學派創始(shi)人(ren)(ren)。洛(luo)陽是老子居住和擔任史官的(de)(de)地方。《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德經(jing)》（又名《老子》）一書(shu)寫(xie)成于(yu)函谷關。 道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)思(si)想的(de)(de)核心是“道(dao)(dao)(dao)”，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)”是宇宙(zhou)的(de)(de)本源，也是統治(zhi)宇宙(zhou)中一切運(yun)動的(de)(de)法(fa)則(ze)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)主張(zhang)“順其自然”，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)律（法(fa)和法(fa)律有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)；法(fa)好(hao)比物理，而律則(ze)是人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)）是對人(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)束縛(fu)，要全部舍棄。道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)無為(wei)(wei)(wei)思(si)想并不(bu)(bu)是不(bu)(bu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)，而是以無為(wei)(wei)(wei)來(lai)有(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)亂為(wei)(wei)(wei)。

戰(zhan)國時期(qi)的(de)墨子是河南魯(lu)山人。他(ta)創立(li)了墨家(jia)學說，并有《墨子》一書傳世，墨家(jia)文(wen)化的(de)思想觀(guan)點(dian)是愛好和(he)平，反對戰(zhan)爭。墨學在先(xian)秦時期(qi)與儒學并稱為(wei)顯學。漢代(dai)中期(qi)以后，由于統(tong)治階(jie)級罷黜百家(jia)，獨尊儒術，致(zhi)使墨學在形式上中絕，但(dan)影響并沒有完全消(xiao)失(shi)。

漢傳(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)教是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)三大地(di)理分支(zhi)之一，佛(fo)(fo)教經(jing)由兩條路徑傳(chuan)入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，一支(zhi)由古印度經(jing)西域(yu)傳(chuan)入中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)區，洛陽(yang)白馬寺是(shi)(shi)東漢前期(qi)佛(fo)(fo)教傳(chuan)入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)后(hou)興建的(de)第一座寺院，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷史上譯出的(de)第一部佛(fo)(fo)教經(jing)典佛(fo)(fo)說四十二章經(jing)誕生(sheng)于(yu)洛陽(yang)。建于(yu)北魏時期(qi)的(de)登(deng)封少(shao)(shao)林寺是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)漢傳(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)教禪宗(zong)祖庭，又(you)是(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)林武術的(de)發源地(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)教界(jie)在(zai)歷史上大德(de)云(yun)集(ji)，生(sheng)于(yu)洛州緱(gou)氏縣(xian)（今(jin)河南(nan)省偃師市南(nan)境）的(de)玄(xuan)奘是(shi)(shi)著名的(de)譯經(jing)師，也是(shi)(shi)法相(xiang)唯識宗(zong)的(de)創(chuang)立者。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)第一個比丘是(shi)(shi)潁川的(de)朱(zhu)士行(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)教在(zai)古代(dai)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)佛(fo)(fo)教向海外的(de)傳(chuan)播的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心，遠播日本(ben)、朝鮮和東南(nan)亞各國(guo)(guo)。