染料敏化太陽能電池工作原理
染(ran)料(liao)敏化(hua)(hua)(hua)太(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池主要是(shi)模仿光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)原理,染(ran)料(liao)敏化(hua)(hua)(hua)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池具有類似三明(ming)治的結(jie)構,將(jiang)納(na)米(mi)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)燒結(jie)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)玻璃上,再將(jiang)光(guang)敏染(ran)料(liao)鑲嵌在(zai)(zai)多孔納(na)米(mi)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)表面形成(cheng)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)和對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(通常(chang)為擔載了催(cui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)量鉑或者碳的導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)玻璃)之(zhi)間(jian)是(shi)含有氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)還原物質對(dui)(常(chang)用(yong)I2和I-) 的液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質,它浸入納(na)米(mi)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)的孔穴與光(guang)敏染(ran)料(liao)接(jie)觸。
在入射光(guang)的(de)照射下,鑲嵌在納米(mi)二氧化(hua)鈦表(biao)(biao)面的(de)光(guang)敏染料(liao)吸收光(guang)子(zi)(zi),躍遷到激發態(tai),然后向二氧化(hua)鈦的(de)導帶注入電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),染料(liao)成(cheng)為氧化(hua)態(tai)的(de)正離子(zi)(zi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)通過外電(dian)(dian)(dian)路形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流到對電(dian)(dian)(dian)極,染料(liao)正離子(zi)(zi)接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液中還原(yuan)劑(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),還原(yuan)為最初染料(liao),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質中的(de)氧化(hua)劑(ji)擴(kuo)散到對電(dian)(dian)(dian)極得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)而使還原(yuan)劑(ji)得到再生,形(xing)成(cheng)一個完(wan)整的(de)循(xun)環,在整個過程(cheng)中,表(biao)(biao)觀上化(hua)學物(wu)質沒有(you)發生變化(hua),而光(guang)能轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。
染料敏化太陽能電池特點
1、壽命長(chang):使(shi)用壽命可達15-20年;
2、結構簡單、易于制造,生產工(gong)藝簡單,易于大(da)規模工(gong)業(ye)化生產;
3、制備電池耗能較少,能源回收周期短;
4、生(sheng)產(chan)成本(ben)較低,僅(jin)為硅太陽能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)1/5~1/10,預計每峰瓦的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)成本(ben)在10元(yuan)以內。
5、生產過程(cheng)中無毒(du)無污染;
經過短短十(shi)幾年時間,染(ran)料(liao)敏化太陽電池研(yan)究(jiu)在(zai)染(ran)料(liao)、電極、電解質等(deng)各方(fang)(fang)面取得(de)了很(hen)大進展(zhan)。同時在(zai)高效率(lv)、穩定(ding)性、耐久性、等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面還有很(hen)大的(de)發展(zhan)空間。但真正使之走(zou)向產業(ye)化,服務于(yu)人類,還需(xu)要全(quan)世界各國(guo)科研(yan)工作者的(de)共同努力。
這一新(xin)型太(tai)陽電池有著比硅電池更為廣泛的用(yong)途:如可用(yong)塑料或金(jin)屬(shu)薄板使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)輕量化(hua)(hua),薄膜化(hua)(hua);可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)色彩鮮艷的染料使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)彩化(hua)(hua);另外,還(huan)可設計成(cheng)各種(zhong)(zhong)形狀(zhuang)的太(tai)陽能電池使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)。
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