【長(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂巖構造(zao)】長(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂巖是(shi)什么(me)層理構造(zao) 長(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂巖是(shi)怎么(me)形成(cheng)的(de)
長石砂巖是什么
長石砂巖(arkose)是一(yi)種長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)碎屑含量(liang)大(da)于25%的(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(其(qi)中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)英含量(liang) <75%,可(ke)含較多(duo)的(de)云母和重礦物(wu)),它包(bao)括長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和巖(yan)(yan)(yan)屑質(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)的(de)種類多(duo)為(wei)酸性(xing)斜長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)和鉀長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)。一(yi)般為(wei)粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)狀結構,肉紅色(se)至灰色(se),分選性(xing)和磨(mo)圓(yuan)度變化較大(da),由(you)很好至極差。常含較多(duo)的(de)雜基,膠結物(wu)多(duo)為(wei)碳酸鹽質(zhi)(zhi)、硅(gui)質(zhi)(zhi)、鐵質(zhi)(zhi)。當砂(sha)(sha)(sha)粒(li)中(zhong)含較多(duo)量(liang)的(de)石(shi)(shi)英碎屑(石(shi)(shi)英大(da)于75%)時,即(ji)過渡為(wei)長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(feldspathic quartz sandstone),或稱(cheng)次長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(subarkose)。當巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)中(zhong)含大(da)量(liang)雜基時,則屬長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)雜砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(feldspathic graywacke)。長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)多(duo)由(you)長(chang)(chang)英質(zhi)(zhi)母巖(yan)(yan)(yan),如花崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)經(jing)機械(xie)風化,短(duan)距離搬運,在山前或山間盆(pen)地堆積而成。
長石砂巖是什么層理構造
長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)特征如(ru)(ru)其名稱,其內所含(han)(han)(han)長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)較多,長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大于50%,石(shi)(shi)(shi)英+巖(yan)(yan)屑小于50%。該種巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)成(cheng)因(yin)一方面(mian),其母巖(yan)(yan)含(han)(han)(han)有長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)(ru)母巖(yan)(yan)為長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)偉晶巖(yan)(yan),另一方面(mian),由于長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)易水解,因(yin)此,如(ru)(ru)果發現了長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan),則可說明該砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)前所經受(shou)的(de)搬(ban)運距(ju)離(li)(li)較短(duan),在(zai)(zai)地形起伏比較大,地殼活動(dong)劇烈的(de)地區,易形成(cheng)沖積(ji)扇,洪積(ji)扇等,其內成(cheng)分(fen)搬(ban)運距(ju)離(li)(li)短(duan),所以形成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)。
長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成很大程(cheng)度上取決于(yu)母(mu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)成分,首先要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)富含長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),如(ru)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、花(hua)崗(gang)片麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)。另外還需要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)古構(gou)造(zao)、古地(di)理和古氣候(hou)(hou)條件。在構(gou)造(zao)運動強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區,地(di)形(xing)起(qi)(qi)伏也(ye)(ye)大,花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)底(di)(di)隆(long)起(qi)(qi)遭受強烈侵(qin)蝕,在鄰近地(di)區發生沉陷(xian),侵(qin)蝕產物迅速(su)堆(dui)積(ji)(ji),而(er)形(xing)成很厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)稱為(wei)構(gou)造(zao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan);有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)直接復蓋在花(hua)崗(gang)質基(ji)底(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)蝕面上,它是(shi)古老花(hua)崗(gang)質巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崩解產物,在海侵(qin)過程(cheng)中(zhong)經(jing)改造(zao)并在原地(di)隨機而(er)成。這種巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常呈厚度不(bu)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定層(ceng)狀(zhuang),位于(yu)海侵(qin)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)底(di)(di)部,故稱基(ji)底(di)(di)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)或殘(can)余長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。多產于(yu)地(di)臺區,如(ru)河(he)北唐山、山西大同花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)底(di)(di)之上的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。過去有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)認(ren)為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)極其干旱或寒冷氣候(hou)(hou)條件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)產物,是(shi)沙漠或冰(bing)川的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志,屬氣候(hou)(hou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)粒(li)分選和磨圓(yuan)較好,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)新鮮,穩定重礦(kuang)物也(ye)(ye)多。但許多資料(liao)表明(ming),溫濕條件(如(ru)煤系地(di)層(ceng)中(zhong))也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),這主要(yao)于(yu)構(gou)造(zao)、地(di)形(xing)、堆(dui)積(ji)(ji)速(su)度等(deng)條件有(you)(you)(you)關。
長石砂巖是怎么形成的
綠(lv)色(se)長石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)長石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)中雖(sui)然石(shi)(shi)英(ying)含(han)(han)量較多(duo)(duo),但長石(shi)(shi)含(han)(han)量可(ke) >25% ,甚(shen)至可(ke)占主(zhu)體組(zu)分,巖(yan)屑含(han)(han)量也高,重礦物含(han)(han)量可(ke) >10% ,且有(you)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)不穩定(ding)的重礦物,因此長石(shi)(shi)砂(sha)巖(yan)是礦物成熟度低的砂(sha)巖(yan)。它形成條件如(ru)下:
1、母巖條件
長石(shi)(shi)砂巖主要是由富含長石(shi)(shi)的母(mu)巖,如花崗(gang)巖、花崗(gang)片(pian)麻巖,這些(xie)巖石(shi)(shi)風化后(hou)可提(ti)供(gong)大量長石(shi)(shi)。
2、構造條件
長(chang)石砂巖則要求地殼(ke)活動性大(da)的(de)大(da)地構造環境,這樣(yang)可以(yi)造成(cheng)高差大(da)的(de)地形,這既有利(li)于花(hua)崗巖、花(hua)崗片(pian)麻巖的(de)出露,也有利(li)于這些(xie)巖石的(de)快(kuai)速剝蝕、快(kuai)速搬運(yun)、快(kuai)速沉積,這樣(yang)使(shi)不穩(wen)定的(de)長(chang)石得以(yi)保存。
3、氣候條件
長石砂巖的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)則要求寒冷(leng)和干燥(zao)的(de)(de)氣候條件。在(zai)這種氣候條件下主要是進行物理風化(hua)(hua),而(er)化(hua)(hua)學風化(hua)(hua)作用則很微弱,這樣(yang)母巖風化(hua)(hua)主要提供破碎的(de)(de)原礦物,而(er)礦物成(cheng)(cheng)分沒有得大的(de)(de)改造,因(yin)此,不穩定的(de)(de)礦物可以得大量(liang)的(de)(de)保存,這就有利于長石砂巖的(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)。