直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩壓器一般用于在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，由電(dian)(dian)源穩壓設備、濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、穩壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)重要部(bu)分組成，其組成部(bu)件的作用如(ru)下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的作(zuo)用是(shi)將(jiang)交(jiao)流220V的電壓(ya)變為所需的電壓(ya)值，然后通(tong)樣的電壓(ya)還隨電網電壓(ya)波動、負載(zai)何(he)溫度的變化而變化。

2、濾波電路

濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)路用于濾(lv)去輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)中的紋波，一般由電(dian)(dian)抗元件(jian)組成。由于電(dian)(dian)抗元件(jian)在電(dian)(dian)路中有儲能作(zuo)用，sd6_1we并聯的電(dian)(dian)容C在電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供給(gei)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高時，能把(ba)部分(fen)能量存儲起來，而當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)低時，就能把(ba)能量釋放出來，使負載電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較平(ping)滑，即C具有平(ping)波作(zuo)用

3、穩壓電路

穩(wen)壓電路的作用(yong)是(shi)當電網電壓波動、負載何溫(wen)度變化時，維持輸出(chu)直流電壓穩(wen)定(ding)。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用需求的(de)不同，直(zhi)流穩壓電(dian)源分為各類特性(xing)不同的(de)電(dian)源產(chan)品。

系統(tong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主(zhu)要針(zhen)對低(di)壓用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通常功能簡(jian)單，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率大，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比較大（從(cong)幾安培到幾十(shi)安培），能為多(duo)個用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較大功耗的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能長期連續(xu)工(gong)作(zuo)、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定是(shi)這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設計的(de)(de)(de)重點，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)漂移和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)節精細度則不(bu)是(shi)重點。對于一些專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)基礎型系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型的(de)(de)(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操作(zuo)面板上并(bing)不(bu)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)節功能，甚至有的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)提供監控輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好(hao)者使(shi)用(yong)最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)屬(shu)于此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

有的(de)產(chan)品為了(le)迎合用(yong)戶的(de)口(kou)味，都在(zai)基(ji)礎型電(dian)源上(shang)添加了(le)電(dian)壓表和電(dian)流表，使得(de)電(dian)源看上(shang)去更高科技一些，同(tong)時也方便(bian)監(jian)視電(dian)源輸出(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)。對于一些高端的(de)系統電(dian)源，使用(yong)了(le)單片機控制和液晶(jing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態顯(xian)示，設置電(dian)壓可以通過鍵盤(pan)數字化輸入，有些功能和指標幾(ji)乎趕上(shang)可編(bian)程電(dian)源了(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可調(diao)是可調(diao)直流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)特點。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可調(diao)，適用的(de)(de)(de)范圍就更廣(guang)了(le)，廣(guang)泛應(ying)用在(zai)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修場合，所以(yi)也被稱為“維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)”、“實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)”。實(shi)(shi)際(ji)中，用于(yu)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)會(hui)增加更多(duo)附加實(shi)(shi)用功(gong)(gong)能，如可調(diao)限(xian)流(liu)功(gong)(gong)能、跟(gen)蹤功(gong)(gong)能等。限(xian)流(liu)功(gong)(gong)能比較實(shi)(shi)用，它(ta)可以(yi)設定穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出超(chao)過設定值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)下跌，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不會(hui)繼續(xu)增加，類(lei)似進(jin)入恒流(liu)模式。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提供過流(liu)保護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過預定值就進(jin)入保護(hu)狀(zhuang)態，切斷輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出，需要重新啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)才能恢(hui)復輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修中，由于(yu)誤操作或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路故障，導致短路時有(you)發生，利用限(xian)流(liu)功(gong)(gong)能既保護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)，也保護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)器件，使它(ta)們不會(hui)受到大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊。一(yi)般市場上(shang)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)可調(diao)直流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)都不大(da)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)1～3A，可以(yi)滿足(zu)普通數(shu)碼產(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)移動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類(lei)通信(xin)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修和(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)需要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多路(lu)可(ke)調(diao)直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)，其特點(dian)是(shi)一臺電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提供兩(liang)路(lu)甚至三四路(lu)可(ke)以獨立設定電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)輸出(chu)，基本上(shang)可(ke)以看成幾臺單(dan)路(lu)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)合并使(shi)用，適用于需要多種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)場合。高級一點(dian)的(de)(de)多路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)還具有電(dian)(dian)壓跟蹤功能，使(shi)幾路(lu)輸出(chu)能聯(lian)動調(diao)節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)可(ke)(ke)調直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)調穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)一種，其特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流調節(jie)(jie)分(fen)辨率(lv)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)優于0.01V。為了精(jing)(jing)(jing)確顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，目前主流的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都采(cai)(cai)用多(duo)位數字表指示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)限流精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)調節(jie)(jie)機(ji)構的(de)(de)解決方(fang)案不同(tong)，低成本的(de)(de)解決方(fang)案采(cai)(cai)用粗調和(he)細調兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，標準解決方(fang)案則采(cai)(cai)用多(duo)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，高(gao)檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)則采(cai)(cai)用單片(pian)機(ji)控(kong)制的(de)(de)數字化(hua)設(she)定(ding)。采(cai)(cai)用單片(pian)機(ji)控(kong)制的(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也被稱(cheng)(cheng)為數控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，通過(guo)數控(kong)方(fang)式(shi)更容易實現精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)調節(jie)(jie)與設(she)定(ding)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內部線(xian)路也比較先(xian)進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)性也比較好自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂移小，通常(chang)適用于精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)實驗(yan)場(chang)合(he)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)國內的(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼國外進(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)基本沒有(you)(you)標稱(cheng)(cheng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，只有(you)(you)高(gao)分(fen)辨率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可(ke)(ke)編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可編程電(dian)(dian)源是用(yong)(yong)單片(pian)機以數字化(hua)形式控制的可調(diao)穩壓電(dian)(dian)源，其設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的參(can)數可以存(cun)儲(chu)起來供日(ri)后調(diao)用(yong)(yong)。可編程電(dian)(dian)源設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的參(can)數比較多(duo)，包括基本的電(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、功(gong)率限制設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、過流設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)以及擴展的過壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)等信息(xi)。通常(chang)可編程電(dian)(dian)源具有(you)較高的設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)分辨率，電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流參(can)數的設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)都可以通過數字鍵(jian)盤輸入(ru)。中高檔的可編程電(dian)(dian)源自身(shen)電(dian)(dian)壓漂移(yi)也很小，多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標準電壓參(can)考源是一(yi)種特殊的穩(wen)壓電源，其作用(yong)(yong)和內(nei)部(bu)線路(lu)與普(pu)通的供(gong)電型穩(wen)壓電源不同，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)提供(gong)作為參(can)考標準的電壓信號(hao)，以校準各類電壓測量儀器（電壓表、萬用(yong)(yong)表），本身帶負載能力很低，但電壓準確(que)度很高，漂移(yi)極小。