直流穩壓三大作用

直流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)器一般用(yong)于在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源穩(wen)壓(ya)設備(bei)、濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等重要部(bu)分組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，其組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)件的作(zuo)用(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的(de)(de)作用是將交流220V的(de)(de)電壓(ya)變(bian)為所需的(de)(de)電壓(ya)值，然后通(tong)樣的(de)(de)電壓(ya)還隨(sui)電網電壓(ya)波動、負載何(he)溫度的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)。

2、濾波電路

濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)于濾去輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓中的紋(wen)波(bo)，一般由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)。由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元(yuan)件(jian)在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有(you)儲能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)，sd6_1we并聯的電(dian)(dian)容C在電(dian)(dian)源供給的電(dian)(dian)壓升高時，能(neng)把(ba)部(bu)分能(neng)量(liang)存儲起(qi)來(lai)，而當電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)低時，就(jiu)能(neng)把(ba)能(neng)量(liang)釋放出(chu)來(lai)，使負載電(dian)(dian)壓比較平滑，即(ji)C具有(you)平波(bo)作(zuo)用(yong)

3、穩壓電路

穩壓電路(lu)的(de)作用是當電網(wang)電壓波動(dong)、負載何(he)溫度變化時，維持輸出直(zhi)流(liu)電壓穩定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用需(xu)求(qiu)的不同，直(zhi)流穩壓電源分為各類特性不同的電源產品(pin)。

系統(tong)(tong)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主要針對低(di)壓(ya)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計，通常功(gong)能(neng)簡單，輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)大(da)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)較大(da)（從幾(ji)(ji)安培到幾(ji)(ji)十安培），能(neng)為多個(ge)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿(man)足較大(da)功(gong)耗的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能(neng)長期連續(xu)工作、工作穩定是(shi)這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)計的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)漂移和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節精細度則不(bu)是(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)。對于一些專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)基(ji)礎型系統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往往是(shi)固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型的(de)(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操作面板上(shang)并不(bu)提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節功(gong)能(neng)，甚(shen)至有(you)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用系統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)提(ti)供(gong)監(jian)控輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好(hao)者(zhe)使用最多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)屬(shu)于此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

有的(de)(de)產品為了迎合用戶的(de)(de)口(kou)味，都在基礎型(xing)電(dian)源上(shang)添加了電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)和(he)電(dian)流表(biao)，使得電(dian)源看(kan)上(shang)去更(geng)高(gao)科技(ji)一些(xie)，同(tong)時也方便監視電(dian)源輸出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況(kuang)。對于一些(xie)高(gao)端的(de)(de)系統電(dian)源，使用了單(dan)片(pian)機控(kong)制和(he)液晶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態顯示，設置電(dian)壓(ya)可以通過鍵盤數字化輸入，有些(xie)功(gong)能和(he)指標(biao)幾乎趕上(shang)可編(bian)程電(dian)源了。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)是可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源最(zui)大的(de)特點。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)，適用(yong)的(de)范圍就(jiu)更廣了，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)在(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)場合，所以(yi)也被稱為“維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源”、“實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源”。實(shi)際(ji)中，用(yong)于(yu)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)更多附加(jia)實(shi)用(yong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能，如可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能、跟蹤功(gong)(gong)(gong)能等。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能比較(jiao)實(shi)用(yong)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)設定穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)設定值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)下跌，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不會(hui)繼續增(zeng)加(jia)，類似進入恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模式。有的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源提供過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功(gong)(gong)(gong)能，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)預定值就(jiu)進入保(bao)護狀態，切斷輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)，需(xu)要重新(xin)啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源才能恢復輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)。在(zai)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)中，由于(yu)誤操(cao)作(zuo)或者(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障，導致短路(lu)(lu)時有發生，利用(yong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能既保(bao)護了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源自身的(de)安全，也保(bao)護了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)上的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件，使它們不會(hui)受到(dao)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)沖擊。一(yi)般(ban)市場上常見的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)都不大，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)1～3A，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿足普通(tong)數碼產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)移動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)類通(tong)信產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)和(he)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)需(xu)要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多路(lu)(lu)可調直流(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是可調穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)一種，其特點(dian)是一臺電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提供兩路(lu)(lu)甚至三(san)四路(lu)(lu)可以(yi)獨立設定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)輸出(chu)，基本(ben)上(shang)可以(yi)看成幾(ji)臺單(dan)路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)合并使(shi)用，適用于需要(yao)多種電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)場合。高級一點(dian)的(de)多路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)還(huan)具有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟蹤功能，使(shi)幾(ji)路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)能聯動調節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)密(mi)可調直流(liu)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是可調穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的一(yi)種，其特點是電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)調節分(fen)辨率高，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設定(ding)精(jing)度(du)優于0.01V。為了精(jing)確顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，目前主流(liu)的精(jing)密(mi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多位數(shu)字表指示(shi)。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和限流(liu)精(jing)密(mi)調節機(ji)構的解決(jue)方案不(bu)同，低成本(ben)的解決(jue)方案采(cai)用(yong)(yong)粗(cu)調和細(xi)調兩個電(dian)(dian)位器(qi)，標準解決(jue)方案則(ze)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多圈電(dian)(dian)位器(qi)，高檔電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)則(ze)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單片機(ji)控(kong)制的數(shu)字化設定(ding)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單片機(ji)控(kong)制的穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也(ye)被稱(cheng)為數(shu)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)(tong)過數(shu)控(kong)方式(shi)更容(rong)易實(shi)現精(jing)密(mi)調節與設定(ding)。精(jing)密(mi)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內(nei)部線路也(ye)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)先進，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性也(ye)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)好自身(shen)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)漂移小，通(tong)(tong)常適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于精(jing)密(mi)實(shi)驗場合。精(jing)密(mi)直流(liu)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是國內(nei)的稱(cheng)呼國外(wai)進口電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)基(ji)本(ben)沒(mei)有標稱(cheng)精(jing)密(mi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，只有高分(fen)辨率電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和可編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是用單(dan)片(pian)機以(yi)數(shu)字化形式控制(zhi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)存儲起來供(gong)日后調用。可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)比較多，包括基本的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、功(gong)率限(xian)制(zhi)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、過(guo)流設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)以(yi)及擴展的(de)過(guo)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)等信息。通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)分辨(bian)率，電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流參(can)(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)都可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)數(shu)字鍵盤(pan)輸入。中高(gao)檔的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)自身電(dian)壓(ya)漂移也(ye)很小，多用于科研場合(he)。

5、可編程電源

標準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)參(can)(can)考源是一種特殊的(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源，其作用和內(nei)部(bu)線(xian)路與普通(tong)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)型(xing)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源不(bu)同，用于提供(gong)作為參(can)(can)考標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信(xin)號，以校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)各(ge)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)測(ce)量儀器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表、萬用表），本身帶(dai)負載能力(li)很低，但電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)度很高(gao)，漂移極小。