直流穩壓三大作用

直流(liu)穩壓(ya)器一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)于在電(dian)子電(dian)路中，由電(dian)源穩壓(ya)設備、濾波電(dian)路、穩壓(ya)電(dian)路等重要部分(fen)組成(cheng)，其(qi)組成(cheng)部件的作用(yong)(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的(de)作用是將交流220V的(de)電(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)為所需的(de)電(dian)壓值，然后(hou)通樣的(de)電(dian)壓還隨(sui)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓波動、負載何(he)溫度的(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化。

2、濾波電路

濾(lv)(lv)波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用于(yu)濾(lv)(lv)去輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)中的紋波，一般(ban)由電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件組成。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有(you)儲能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用，sd6_1we并聯(lian)的電(dian)(dian)容C在電(dian)(dian)源供給的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)把部分能(neng)(neng)量存儲起來(lai)，而當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低時(shi)，就能(neng)(neng)把能(neng)(neng)量釋放出來(lai)，使負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比較(jiao)平滑(hua)，即C具有(you)平波作(zuo)用

3、穩壓電路

穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu)的作用是當電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動、負載何溫度變化時，維持(chi)輸出直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用(yong)需求的不同(tong)，直流穩壓電(dian)源分(fen)為各(ge)類特性不同(tong)的電(dian)源產品。

系(xi)統(tong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主要針(zhen)對(dui)低壓(ya)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通常(chang)功能簡單，輸(shu)出功率大，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)比較大（從幾(ji)(ji)安培到(dao)幾(ji)(ji)十安培），能為多(duo)個用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較大功耗的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)。能長期連續工(gong)(gong)作、工(gong)(gong)作穩(wen)定(ding)是這類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設計的(de)(de)重點，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)漂移和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調(diao)節(jie)精(jing)細度則不(bu)是重點。對(dui)于一些專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)基礎型(xing)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往往是固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)的(de)(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操作面板上并不(bu)提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調(diao)節(jie)功能，甚至有的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)提供(gong)(gong)監控(kong)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者使(shi)用(yong)最多(duo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就屬于此類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

有的產品(pin)為了(le)(le)迎合(he)用戶的口(kou)味，都(dou)在基礎型電(dian)源上(shang)添加了(le)(le)電(dian)壓表(biao)和(he)電(dian)流表(biao)，使(shi)得電(dian)源看(kan)上(shang)去更(geng)高(gao)科(ke)技一些，同時也方便監視(shi)電(dian)源輸出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況。對于一些高(gao)端的系統電(dian)源，使(shi)用了(le)(le)單片機控制和(he)液晶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態顯示，設置電(dian)壓可(ke)以通過鍵盤數字化(hua)輸入，有些功能和(he)指標幾乎(hu)趕上(shang)可(ke)編程電(dian)源了(le)(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)是可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)，適用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍就(jiu)更廣了(le)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)在實(shi)驗室和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)修場合，所以(yi)(yi)也(ye)被稱(cheng)為“維(wei)(wei)修電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”、“實(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”。實(shi)際中(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)于實(shi)驗室和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)修應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)會增加更多(duo)附加實(shi)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)能(neng)，如可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)、跟蹤功(gong)能(neng)等。限流(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)比較實(shi)用(yong)(yong)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)設定(ding)(ding)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)設定(ding)(ding)值時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會下(xia)跌，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不會繼(ji)續增加，類(lei)似進入(ru)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)模(mo)式。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)提(ti)供過(guo)(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)預定(ding)(ding)值就(jiu)進入(ru)保(bao)護(hu)狀(zhuang)態，切斷輸(shu)出(chu)，需(xu)要重新啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)才能(neng)恢復輸(shu)出(chu)。在實(shi)驗和(he)(he)(he)維(wei)(wei)修中(zhong)，由于誤操作(zuo)或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障，導致(zhi)短路(lu)(lu)時(shi)有(you)發生，利用(yong)(yong)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)既保(bao)護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)，也(ye)保(bao)護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件，使它們不會受到大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊。一般市場上(shang)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)都不大(da)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在1～3A，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)滿足普(pu)通數碼產(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)移動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類(lei)通信產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)修和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)驗需(xu)要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多路可調直流穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是可調穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)一(yi)種，其(qi)特點是一(yi)臺電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)供兩路甚至三四路可以(yi)獨(du)立設定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)輸出，基(ji)本上可以(yi)看成幾臺單路輸出的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)合并使用(yong)，適用(yong)于(yu)需要多種電(dian)壓(ya)供電(dian)的(de)場合。高(gao)級一(yi)點的(de)多路電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)還具(ju)有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)跟(gen)蹤功(gong)能(neng)，使幾路輸出能(neng)聯(lian)動調節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)可調(diao)(diao)直(zhi)流(liu)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是可調(diao)(diao)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)種，其特點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)(diao)節分辨率高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度優(you)于0.01V。為了精(jing)(jing)(jing)確(que)顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，目前主流(liu)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都采用(yong)多(duo)位(wei)數字表指示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)限流(liu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)調(diao)(diao)節機(ji)構的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案(an)不同，低成本的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案(an)采用(yong)粗調(diao)(diao)和(he)細調(diao)(diao)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)，標準解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案(an)則采用(yong)多(duo)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)，高(gao)檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則采用(yong)單片(pian)機(ji)控制的(de)(de)數字化設(she)定(ding)(ding)。采用(yong)單片(pian)機(ji)控制的(de)(de)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)被稱(cheng)為數控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，通過數控方式更容易實(shi)現(xian)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)調(diao)(diao)節與設(she)定(ding)(ding)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內部線(xian)路也(ye)(ye)比(bi)較先進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定(ding)(ding)性也(ye)(ye)比(bi)較好(hao)自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓漂移小，通常適用(yong)于精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)實(shi)驗(yan)場合。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)直(zhi)流(liu)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是國(guo)內的(de)(de)稱(cheng)呼國(guo)外進(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基本沒(mei)有(you)標稱(cheng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，只有(you)高(gao)分辨率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源是用(yong)單片機(ji)以數(shu)字(zi)化形(xing)式控制(zhi)的可(ke)(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其設(she)(she)定(ding)的參數(shu)可(ke)(ke)以存儲起(qi)來(lai)供日(ri)后(hou)調用(yong)。可(ke)(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)(she)定(ding)的參數(shu)比較多，包括基本(ben)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)、功率限(xian)制(zhi)設(she)(she)定(ding)、過流設(she)(she)定(ding)以及擴(kuo)展(zhan)的過壓(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)等信息。通常可(ke)(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源具有(you)較高的設(she)(she)定(ding)分辨(bian)率，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流參數(shu)的設(she)(she)定(ding)都可(ke)(ke)以通過數(shu)字(zi)鍵盤輸入。中高檔(dang)的可(ke)(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂移也很小，多用(yong)于科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標(biao)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)參(can)考源是(shi)一種特殊的穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和內部(bu)線路與(yu)普通的供電(dian)(dian)型(xing)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源不同，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)提供作(zuo)為參(can)考標(biao)準(zhun)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)信號，以校準(zhun)各類電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)測量(liang)儀器（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表、萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表），本身帶(dai)負載能力很(hen)低(di)，但電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)準(zhun)確度很(hen)高，漂移極小。