直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩(wen)(wen)壓器一般用于在電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，由電(dian)(dian)源穩(wen)(wen)壓設備、濾波電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、穩(wen)(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等重(zhong)要部(bu)分組成，其組成部(bu)件的作(zuo)用如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的作(zuo)用是將交流220V的電壓(ya)變(bian)為(wei)所(suo)需的電壓(ya)值，然后通樣的電壓(ya)還隨電網電壓(ya)波動、負載何溫度(du)的變(bian)化而(er)變(bian)化。

2、濾波電路

濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路用(yong)于(yu)濾(lv)去輸出電(dian)(dian)壓中的紋波(bo)，一般由電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件(jian)組成(cheng)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)元件(jian)在電(dian)(dian)路中有儲(chu)能(neng)作用(yong)，sd6_1we并聯的電(dian)(dian)容C在電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供給的電(dian)(dian)壓升高時(shi)，能(neng)把部分能(neng)量存儲(chu)起來，而當電(dian)(dian)壓降低(di)時(shi)，就能(neng)把能(neng)量釋(shi)放出來，使(shi)負載電(dian)(dian)壓比(bi)較(jiao)平滑，即C具有平波(bo)作用(yong)

3、穩壓電路

穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)路的作用是當電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)波動(dong)、負(fu)載何溫度變化時(shi)，維持(chi)輸(shu)出直(zhi)流電(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根(gen)據(ju)應用需(xu)求的不同(tong)(tong)，直流(liu)穩壓電源分為各類特性不同(tong)(tong)的電源產品。

系(xi)統直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主要針對低壓(ya)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通常功能簡單，輸出功率大，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比較大（從幾安培到幾十(shi)安培），能為多個用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較大功耗的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)。能長期連(lian)續工作(zuo)、工作(zuo)穩定是這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設計的(de)重(zhong)點，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)漂移和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)精細度(du)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)是重(zhong)點。對于一些專用的(de)基礎型系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往往是固(gu)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型的(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操作(zuo)面板上(shang)并不(bu)(bu)提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)功能，甚至(zhi)有的(de)專用系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)(bu)提(ti)供(gong)監控輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者(zhe)使用最多的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就屬于此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

有的(de)產品為(wei)了(le)迎合用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)口味，都(dou)在基礎型電(dian)(dian)(dian)源上(shang)添加了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)源看上(shang)去更(geng)高科技(ji)一些(xie)，同時也方便(bian)監視電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出(chu)狀況。對于一些(xie)高端的(de)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，使用(yong)了(le)單片機(ji)控制和(he)液晶狀態顯示，設置電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可以通過鍵盤數(shu)字化(hua)輸(shu)入，有些(xie)功能和(he)指(zhi)標幾乎趕上(shang)可編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源了(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)調是可(ke)(ke)調直流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)調，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍就更廣了(le)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)場合，所以也被稱(cheng)為(wei)“維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”、“實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”。實(shi)際中，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室和(he)(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)會增加更多附(fu)加實(shi)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，如(ru)可(ke)(ke)調限流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)、跟蹤(zong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)。限流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)比較實(shi)用(yong)(yong)，它可(ke)(ke)以設(she)定(ding)穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出超(chao)(chao)過(guo)設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會下(xia)跌，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)會繼續(xu)增加，類似進(jin)入恒流(liu)(liu)模式。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)提供過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)預定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)就進(jin)入保(bao)(bao)護(hu)狀態，切斷輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出，需(xu)要重新啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)才能(neng)(neng)恢復輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出。在實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)中，由于(yu)誤操作或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故障，導致(zhi)短路(lu)(lu)時有(you)發生，利用(yong)(yong)限流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)既(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，也保(bao)(bao)護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)件，使它們不(bu)會受到大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊。一般市場上常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)調直流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)都(dou)不(bu)大，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在1～3A，可(ke)(ke)以滿足(zu)普通數碼產(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類通信產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)和(he)(he)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)需(xu)要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多(duo)(duo)路可(ke)調(diao)直(zhi)流穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是可(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)一種，其特點(dian)是一臺電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)提供兩路甚至三(san)四路可(ke)以(yi)獨立設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)輸(shu)出，基本(ben)上可(ke)以(yi)看成幾臺單路輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)合并使(shi)用(yong)，適(shi)用(yong)于需要多(duo)(duo)種電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)場合。高級一點(dian)的(de)多(duo)(duo)路電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)還(huan)具有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)跟蹤(zong)功能(neng)，使(shi)幾路輸(shu)出能(neng)聯動(dong)調(diao)節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精密(mi)(mi)(mi)可調直流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)一(yi)種，其特點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調節(jie)(jie)分辨率高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設定精度優于0.01V。為了精確顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，目前主流(liu)的(de)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)位數(shu)字(zi)表指示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和限流(liu)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)調節(jie)(jie)機構的(de)解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)不同(tong)，低(di)成本的(de)解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粗調和細(xi)調兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)，標準(zhun)解(jie)決(jue)方案(an)則采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)，高檔(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)則采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單片(pian)機控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)化設定。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單片(pian)機控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也(ye)被稱為數(shu)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)過數(shu)控(kong)方式更容(rong)易實(shi)現(xian)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)調節(jie)(jie)與設定。精密(mi)(mi)(mi)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內部線路也(ye)比較先進，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定性也(ye)比較好自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)漂移小，通(tong)常適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于精密(mi)(mi)(mi)實(shi)驗場合(he)。精密(mi)(mi)(mi)直流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是國內的(de)稱呼國外進口(kou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)基本沒(mei)有標稱精密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，只有高分辨率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和可編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)單片機以(yi)(yi)數字(zi)化形式控制的(de)可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)參數可(ke)以(yi)(yi)存儲(chu)起來(lai)供日后調用(yong)(yong)(yong)。可(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)參數比較多(duo)，包括基本(ben)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、功率(lv)限制設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)、過流設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)以(yi)(yi)及擴展的(de)過壓設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)等(deng)信息。通常可(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)具有較高(gao)的(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)分辨率(lv)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流參數的(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)都可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過數字(zi)鍵盤輸入。中(zhong)高(gao)檔(dang)的(de)可(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓漂移(yi)也很(hen)小，多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于科研場(chang)合。

5、可編程電源

標準電壓參考源是一種特殊(shu)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)壓電源，其作(zuo)用和內部(bu)線路與(yu)普(pu)通的(de)供(gong)電型穩(wen)(wen)壓電源不(bu)同，用于提供(gong)作(zuo)為參考標準的(de)電壓信號，以校準各類電壓測(ce)量儀器(qi)（電壓表(biao)、萬用表(biao)），本身帶負(fu)載能力很(hen)(hen)低，但電壓準確度很(hen)(hen)高，漂移(yi)極小。