直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩壓器(qi)一般用(yong)于在(zai)電(dian)子電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，由(you)電(dian)源穩壓設備、濾波電(dian)路(lu)(lu)、穩壓電(dian)路(lu)(lu)等重要部分組(zu)成，其組(zu)成部件的作用(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)將交流220V的(de)(de)電壓變(bian)為所需的(de)(de)電壓值，然后通樣(yang)的(de)(de)電壓還隨電網電壓波動、負載何(he)溫度的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)。

2、濾波電路

濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)路用于(yu)濾(lv)去輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)中的紋波(bo)，一般由電(dian)抗元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)組成。由于(yu)電(dian)抗元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)在(zai)電(dian)路中有(you)儲(chu)能作(zuo)(zuo)用，sd6_1we并(bing)聯的電(dian)容C在(zai)電(dian)源供(gong)給的電(dian)壓(ya)升高時(shi)，能把部分能量存儲(chu)起來(lai)，而(er)當電(dian)壓(ya)降低(di)時(shi)，就能把能量釋(shi)放(fang)出(chu)來(lai)，使負載電(dian)壓(ya)比(bi)較平滑，即C具(ju)有(you)平波(bo)作(zuo)(zuo)用

3、穩壓電路

穩壓電路的作用是當電網電壓波動、負載何溫度變化時，維(wei)持輸出(chu)直(zhi)流電壓穩定。

該圖片由注冊用戶"小含"提供，版權聲明反饋

直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用需(xu)求的不同，直流穩壓(ya)電源分為各類特性不同的電源產品(pin)。

系(xi)統(tong)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要針對低壓(ya)(ya)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通常功(gong)能(neng)簡單，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率大(da)(da)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)較大(da)(da)（從幾安培到幾十安培），能(neng)為多(duo)個(ge)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較大(da)(da)功(gong)耗的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能(neng)長(chang)期連續工作(zuo)(zuo)、工作(zuo)(zuo)穩定是這(zhe)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設計的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)漂移和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)精細度則不是重點(dian)。對于一些(xie)專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎型系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)是固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型的(de)(de)(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)面板上并不提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)功(gong)能(neng)，甚至有(you)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不提供(gong)(gong)監控輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者(zhe)使用最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就屬于此類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

有的產品為了(le)(le)迎合用戶(hu)的口味，都在基礎型電(dian)源上添加(jia)了(le)(le)電(dian)壓表和電(dian)流表，使(shi)(shi)得(de)電(dian)源看上去更高科技(ji)一些(xie)，同時(shi)也方便監(jian)視(shi)電(dian)源輸出狀況。對于一些(xie)高端的系統電(dian)源，使(shi)(shi)用了(le)(le)單片(pian)機控(kong)制和液晶(jing)狀態顯示(shi)，設置電(dian)壓可以通過鍵盤(pan)數(shu)字化輸入，有些(xie)功(gong)能和指標幾乎(hu)趕上可編程電(dian)源了(le)(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)是可(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最大(da)的(de)(de)特(te)點。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)，適(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)范圍就更廣了(le)，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)在(zai)(zai)實驗室和維(wei)修(xiu)場(chang)(chang)合，所以也(ye)被稱為(wei)“維(wei)修(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”、“實驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。實際中，用(yong)于實驗室和維(wei)修(xiu)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)會(hui)增加(jia)更多附加(jia)實用(yong)功能(neng)，如可(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)限流(liu)(liu)功能(neng)、跟蹤功能(neng)等。限流(liu)(liu)功能(neng)比較實用(yong)，它可(ke)(ke)以設(she)(she)定(ding)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出超過設(she)(she)定(ding)值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)下跌，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不會(hui)繼續增加(jia)，類似進入恒流(liu)(liu)模式。有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供過流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能(neng)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過預定(ding)值就進入保(bao)護狀(zhuang)態，切斷輸(shu)出，需要(yao)重新啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)才能(neng)恢(hui)復輸(shu)出。在(zai)(zai)實驗和維(wei)修(xiu)中，由于誤操作或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)，導致(zhi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時有(you)發生(sheng)，利用(yong)限流(liu)(liu)功能(neng)既(ji)保(bao)護了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)身的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，也(ye)保(bao)護了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)上的(de)(de)元器件，使它們不會(hui)受到(dao)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)沖擊。一般(ban)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)上常(chang)見的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)都不大(da)，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)1～3A，可(ke)(ke)以滿足(zu)普(pu)通(tong)數碼產(chan)品(pin)和移動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類通(tong)信(xin)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)和實驗需要(yao)。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多路(lu)可(ke)調直流穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)一(yi)種，其特點(dian)是(shi)一(yi)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)提供兩(liang)路(lu)甚至三(san)四路(lu)可(ke)以獨立設定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)輸出，基本上可(ke)以看成幾(ji)臺單路(lu)輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)合并(bing)使(shi)用，適用于需要多種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)場合。高級一(yi)點(dian)的(de)多路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)還(huan)具有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓跟蹤功能(neng)，使(shi)幾(ji)路(lu)輸出能(neng)聯(lian)動調節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)可調(diao)(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)可調(diao)(diao)(diao)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)，其特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)分辨率高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)優于(yu)0.01V。為了精(jing)(jing)(jing)確顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，目前主流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)位數(shu)(shu)字表指(zhi)示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)限流(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案不同(tong)，低成(cheng)本的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)粗調(diao)(diao)(diao)和(he)細調(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，標(biao)準解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器，高檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單片(pian)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字化設(she)(she)定(ding)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單片(pian)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也被稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)過數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)方式更容易實現精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)與(yu)設(she)(she)定(ding)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內(nei)部線路也比(bi)較先進，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定(ding)性也比(bi)較好自身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂移(yi)小，通(tong)常適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)實驗場(chang)合。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)直流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)國內(nei)的(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呼國外進口電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)基本沒有標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，只(zhi)有高分辨率電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)可編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是用(yong)單片機以數(shu)字化形(xing)式控制(zhi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其設(she)定(ding)的(de)參(can)數(shu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以存(cun)儲起(qi)來供日后(hou)調用(yong)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)定(ding)的(de)參(can)數(shu)比較(jiao)多，包(bao)括基(ji)本的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)、功率限(xian)制(zhi)設(she)定(ding)、過流設(she)定(ding)以及擴展的(de)過壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)等(deng)信息(xi)。通(tong)常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)具有較(jiao)高的(de)設(she)定(ding)分辨率，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流參(can)數(shu)的(de)設(she)定(ding)都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過數(shu)字鍵盤輸入。中高檔的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)自身電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂(piao)移(yi)也(ye)很小，多用(yong)于科(ke)研場合。

5、可編程電源

標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)參考源(yuan)是(shi)一種特殊的穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其(qi)作用和(he)內部線路與普通的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不同，用于提供(gong)作為(wei)參考標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)信號，以校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)測量儀器（電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表、萬用表），本身帶負載能力很低(di)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)準(zhun)(zhun)確度(du)很高(gao)，漂移極小。