直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩(wen)壓(ya)器一般用(yong)于在電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路中，由電(dian)(dian)源穩(wen)壓(ya)設備、濾波(bo)電(dian)(dian)路、穩(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路等重要部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，其組(zu)成(cheng)部件的作用(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的作用是將交流220V的電壓(ya)變為所需的電壓(ya)值，然后通樣(yang)的電壓(ya)還隨電網電壓(ya)波動、負載何(he)溫度的變化而變化。

2、濾波電路

濾(lv)波電(dian)路用(yong)(yong)于(yu)濾(lv)去輸出電(dian)壓中(zhong)的(de)(de)紋波，一般由(you)(you)電(dian)抗元(yuan)件組成。由(you)(you)于(yu)電(dian)抗元(yuan)件在電(dian)路中(zhong)有儲能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，sd6_1we并(bing)聯的(de)(de)電(dian)容C在電(dian)源供給的(de)(de)電(dian)壓升(sheng)高時，能(neng)(neng)把部(bu)分能(neng)(neng)量存(cun)儲起來，而當電(dian)壓降低時，就能(neng)(neng)把能(neng)(neng)量釋放出來，使負載電(dian)壓比較平(ping)滑，即C具有平(ping)波作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)

3、穩壓電路

穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路的作用(yong)是(shi)當(dang)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動、負載何(he)溫度變(bian)化時(shi)，維(wei)持(chi)輸出(chu)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用(yong)需求的不同，直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓電源(yuan)分為各類(lei)特性不同的電源(yuan)產品。

系統(tong)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要針(zhen)對(dui)低(di)壓(ya)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通(tong)常功能(neng)(neng)簡單(dan)，輸出(chu)功率大(da)(da)，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)比(bi)較大(da)(da)（從幾(ji)安培(pei)到幾(ji)十安培(pei)），能(neng)(neng)為多(duo)個用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較大(da)(da)功耗(hao)的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)。能(neng)(neng)長期(qi)連續工(gong)作、工(gong)作穩定是這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設計的(de)重點(dian)，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)漂移和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)精細(xi)度則不是重點(dian)。對(dui)于一些(xie)專用(yong)的(de)基(ji)礎型(xing)(xing)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)是固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)的(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)操作面板上(shang)并不提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)功能(neng)(neng)，甚至有的(de)專用(yong)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不提供監控輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者使用(yong)最多(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就屬于此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

有的產(chan)品為了(le)迎合用戶的口味(wei)，都在基礎型電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)(shang)添加了(le)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)流表，使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)看(kan)上(shang)(shang)去更(geng)高(gao)科技一(yi)些(xie)，同(tong)時也方便監視電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出狀(zhuang)況。對于一(yi)些(xie)高(gao)端(duan)的系統電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，使(shi)用了(le)單(dan)片機控制和(he)(he)液(ye)晶狀(zhuang)態顯(xian)示，設置電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)以通過鍵盤數(shu)字化輸入(ru)，有些(xie)功能和(he)(he)指標幾乎趕上(shang)(shang)可(ke)編程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)了(le)。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可調是可調直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)特點。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可調，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)范圍(wei)就更(geng)廣(guang)了，廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)場(chang)(chang)合，所以也(ye)被稱為“維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”、“實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)”。實(shi)(shi)(shi)際(ji)中，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)產品(pin)會(hui)(hui)增加更(geng)多附加實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)，如可調限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)、跟蹤功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)等。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)比較實(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，它可以設定(ding)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出超過設定(ding)值(zhi)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)(hui)下跌，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不會(hui)(hui)繼續增加，類似進入恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)模式。有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)提供過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過預定(ding)值(zhi)就進入保(bao)護(hu)(hu)狀態，切斷(duan)輸出，需要重新啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)才(cai)能(neng)恢復輸出。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)中，由于(yu)誤操作或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路故障，導致短路時有發生，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)既保(bao)護(hu)(hu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)自身的(de)(de)安全(quan)，也(ye)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)元器件(jian)，使(shi)它們不會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)沖擊。一(yi)般市場(chang)(chang)上(shang)(shang)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)可調直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)都不大(da)，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)1～3A，可以滿(man)足(zu)普(pu)通(tong)數碼產品(pin)和(he)移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類通(tong)信產品(pin)的(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)需要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多路(lu)可(ke)調直流(liu)穩壓電(dian)(dian)源是(shi)可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)(dian)源的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)，其特點是(shi)一(yi)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)源提供(gong)兩路(lu)甚至三四路(lu)可(ke)以獨立設定電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)輸(shu)出，基本(ben)上可(ke)以看成(cheng)幾臺(tai)單路(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)源合并使(shi)用，適(shi)用于需要多種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)場合。高級一(yi)點的(de)多路(lu)電(dian)(dian)源還具有電(dian)(dian)壓跟蹤功(gong)能，使(shi)幾路(lu)輸(shu)出能聯動調節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)可調(diao)直流穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是可調(diao)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種，其特(te)點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流調(diao)節(jie)分辨率高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)定精(jing)度優于(yu)0.01V。為了精(jing)確顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，目前主流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)位(wei)(wei)數字(zi)表指示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)限流精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調(diao)節(jie)機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案不同，低成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)粗(cu)調(diao)和(he)細調(diao)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)，標準解(jie)(jie)決(jue)(jue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)，高檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單片機控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)化設(she)(she)定。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單片機控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)也(ye)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為數控電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)(tong)過數控方(fang)(fang)(fang)式更容易實(shi)現精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調(diao)節(jie)與設(she)(she)定。精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內(nei)部線路也(ye)比較(jiao)先進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩定性也(ye)比較(jiao)好自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)漂移小，通(tong)(tong)常適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)實(shi)驗場合。精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)直流穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu)國(guo)外(wai)進(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)基本沒有標稱(cheng)(cheng)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，只有高分辨率電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)可編(bian)程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可編程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源是用單片機(ji)以(yi)數(shu)字化形式控制的(de)可調穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)數(shu)可以(yi)存(cun)儲起來供日后(hou)調用。可編程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)數(shu)比較多(duo)，包括基本(ben)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)、功率(lv)限制設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)、過流設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)以(yi)及(ji)擴展的(de)過壓(ya)(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)等信息。通(tong)常可編程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源具有較高的(de)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)分辨率(lv)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流參(can)數(shu)的(de)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)都可以(yi)通(tong)過數(shu)字鍵盤輸入。中高檔(dang)的(de)可編程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)漂移也(ye)很小(xiao)，多(duo)用于科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標準電(dian)壓(ya)參考源是一(yi)種特殊的(de)穩壓(ya)電(dian)源，其作用(yong)和內(nei)部線路(lu)與普(pu)通的(de)供電(dian)型穩壓(ya)電(dian)源不同，用(yong)于提(ti)供作為參考標準的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號，以校準各類電(dian)壓(ya)測量(liang)儀器（電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)、萬用(yong)表(biao)），本身帶負載(zai)能(neng)力很低，但電(dian)壓(ya)準確(que)度(du)很高，漂移(yi)極小。