一、電子陶瓷是絕緣體還是導體

一(yi)般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)，陶瓷是(shi)良好的(de)(de)絕緣體(ti)(ti)，它一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)導(dao)(dao)電，因為(wei)(wei)原子(zi)的(de)(de)外層電子(zi)通常受到原子(zi)核的(de)(de)吸(xi)引力(li)，被束縛(fu)在各自(zi)原子(zi)的(de)(de)周圍(wei)，不(bu)能自(zi)由運(yun)動，不(bu)過電子(zi)陶瓷具(ju)有(you)極為(wei)(wei)寬廣的(de)(de)電氣特(te)性(xing)，從一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)絕緣體(ti)(ti)，到半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)、甚至超導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)，都有(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)電子(zi)陶瓷產品。

電(dian)子陶瓷(ci)的(de)種類(lei)眾多(duo)，其中絕緣(yuan)陶瓷(ci)裝置瓷(ci)和介(jie)電(dian)陶瓷(ci)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)體(ti)，半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)陶瓷(ci)是(shi)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)，離(li)子陶瓷(ci)是(shi)導(dao)體(ti)，還有(you)一種超導(dao)陶瓷(ci)屬于超導(dao)體(ti)。

二、電子陶瓷導電原理是什么

電子陶瓷有的導電，有的不導電，導電的電子陶瓷一(yi)(yi)般是通過(guo)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的工藝處(chu)理(li)，使其具有(you)導電功能(neng)的。

某些(xie)氧化物陶(tao)瓷(ci)加熱(re)時(shi)，處(chu)于原(yuan)子(zi)外層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)子(zi)可以獲得足夠的(de)能(neng)量，以便克(ke)服(fu)原(yuan)子(zi)核對它的(de)吸引力(li)，而成為可以自由(you)運動的(de)自由(you)電(dian)子(zi)，這種陶(tao)瓷(ci)就變(bian)成導電(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)。

一般當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過材料時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可以有兩種方式通過晶格運(yun)(yun)動來完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷輸運(yun)(yun)過程(cheng)：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)脫離(li)(li)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)成為自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，在(zai)晶格中運(yun)(yun)動，形成所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與原子(zi)(zi)(zi)核(he)一起移動產生(sheng)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)的(de)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對金屬(shu)來說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是其導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)主要方式，相比(bi)之(zhi)下，離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可忽(hu)略不計(ji)；但對于(yu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)(tao)瓷來說，由(you)于(yu)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)活化(hua)能比(bi)較低（一般在(zai)0.5eV以下），離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已不容忽(hu)視，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶(tao)(tao)瓷的(de)主要導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。