殺蟲燈的原理

殺蟲燈誘殺害蟲屬于物(wu)理防治(zhi)，主要是利用科(ke)學的(de)(de)光源和特質的(de)(de)燈管，給雙翅目的(de)(de)菇(gu)蚊設計(ji)了一個(ge)陷(xian)阱，通過發射特殊(shu)波段，在特定振(zhen)動頻率范(fan)圍(wei)內吸引成(cheng)蟲主動前往。

成語“飛蛾撲火”形象描(miao)述了昆蟲(chong)(chong)的趨光(guang)性。燈光(guang)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)技術(shu)就是利用生物的趨光(guang)性誘(you)集并消滅害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)，從而防(fang)(fang)治蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)蟲(chong)(chong)媒病(bing)害(hai)(hai)。燈光(guang)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)專(zhuan)門誘(you)殺害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的成蟲(chong)(chong)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)基數，使(shi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的密度(du)和(he)落卵(luan)量(liang)大幅度(du)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，從而減輕和(he)避免害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)對人、對農(nong)作物的直接(jie)危害(hai)(hai)或傳播病(bing)害(hai)(hai)。各種病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)都有一定的防(fang)(fang)治標準，當(dang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)指數在防(fang)(fang)治標準以下則無需用農(nong)藥防(fang)(fang)治。

關于(yu)少數殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈生產(chan)企業(ye)產(chan)品介紹中的說(shuo)法(fa)：“殺(sha)(sha)蟲機理是(shi)運用(yong)光(guang)、波(bo)(bo)、色、味四種(zhong)誘殺(sha)(sha)方式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)滅害(hai)蟲。”“近距離用(yong)光(guang)，遠(yuan)距離用(yong)波(bo)(bo)，黃色光(guang)源，性(xing)信息(xi)(xi)等原理設計”，是(shi)不(bu)科學(xue)、不(bu)準(zhun)確的！不(bu)是(shi)故弄懸虛(xu)(xu)，就是(shi)缺少基(ji)礎物理知(zhi)識(shi)！“光(guang)、波(bo)(bo)、色”實質都(dou)是(shi)波(bo)(bo)，光(guang)和色都(dou)是(shi)波(bo)(bo)在不(bu)同振(zhen)動頻率時(shi)的表現，不(bu)同的色也都(dou)是(shi)不(bu)同振(zhen)動頻率的光(guang)波(bo)(bo)。至于(yu)“頻振(zhen)式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)蟲燈”的運用(yong)于(yu)“性(xing)信息(xi)(xi)”原理，完全是(shi)子虛(xu)(xu)烏有！而且，燈光(guang)只能誘蟲，不(bu)能殺(sha)(sha)滅害(hai)蟲；殺(sha)(sha)滅害(hai)蟲還必須配套其它殺(sha)(sha)蟲部(bu)件。

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殺蟲燈的分類

按電源分類

1、交流電殺蟲燈

適用(yong)于有交(jiao)流電(dian)源的(de)使(shi)用(yong)場地，是傳統的(de)殺蟲燈供(gong)能方式，可人工控制，也可實行全自動(dong)控制。如果(guo)為使(shi)用(yong)殺蟲燈，安(an)裝符(fu)合安(an)全供(gong)電(dian)標準的(de)交(jiao)流供(gong)電(dian)線路，投資成本較高，而且(qie)在農田中使(shi)用(yong)交(jiao)流電(dian)，安(an)全隱患較大。

2、蓄電池殺蟲燈

殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)配(pei)有(you)蓄電(dian)池和(he)充(chong)電(dian)器；適用于有(you)交(jiao)流電(dian)供(gong)電(dian)條件的區(qu)域(yu)。以蓄電(dian)池為(wei)殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)能源，實現半自動(dong)控制，使(shi)用安全(quan)性(xing)好于交(jiao)流電(dian)殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)；像電(dian)瓶車那(nei)樣，蓄電(dian)池電(dian)量不足，需(xu)(xu)及時充(chong)電(dian)。蓄電(dian)池殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)價格比交(jiao)流電(dian)殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)高，使(shi)用過(guo)程中還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)支出電(dian)費，而且需(xu)(xu)專人充(chong)電(dian)、管理。

3、太陽能殺蟲燈

殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)配有(you)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)包括：太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)控制器。適(shi)用于白天(tian)(tian)有(you)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光的任何生產環(huan)(huan)境。由(you)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)提供(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源；白天(tian)(tian)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，天(tian)(tian)黑蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；一般(ban)都有(you)自動控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)(quan)自動安(an)全(quan)(quan)高效工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，是節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、環(huan)(huan)保的新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)售價較高，但一套殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)有(you)效范圍一般(ban)30畝左右，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板工(gong)(gong)(gong)作壽命20年(nian)以上，一次投(tou)資(zi)，20年(nian)受益，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作期間不再需要支付(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)。其它部件工(gong)(gong)(gong)作壽命1、3、5年(nian)不等，加上維(wei)修費(fei)用，投(tou)資(zi)不足5000元，每(mei)年(nian)每(mei)畝平均費(fei)用不足10元，每(mei)年(nian)每(mei)畝可(ke)節約農藥成本和(he)打藥用工(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)用100多元。

按誘蟲光源分類

1、火光

是(shi)最原始的誘蟲(chong)光源，如上(shang)世紀70年代，推(tui)廣利用(yong)煤油燈(deng)誘蟲(chong)。現在一般已(yi)不(bu)再運用(yong)。

2、電轉換光

電能轉(zhuan)化的多種(zhong)特定頻率光(guang)波。現在的殺蟲燈一般都是采用電轉(zhuan)換光(guang)。電轉(zhuan)換光(guang)源根據(ju)轉(zhuan)換技術的原理又可分為：白熾燈、汞燈和LED（半導體）燈三大類。

白(bai)熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)(deng)：電流加熱(re)發光(guang)體(ti)至白(bai)熾(chi)(chi)狀態而發光(guang)的電光(guang)源，如普(pu)通白(bai)熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)(deng)、鹵(lu)鎢燈(deng)(deng)。白(bai)熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)(deng)因很多能量作為熱(re)能散失，光(guang)效率低，能耗最高；白(bai)熾(chi)(chi)燈(deng)(deng)的光(guang)波一般只(zhi)包括部分可(ke)見光(guang)段，誘(you)蟲種類少，現在基本不用。

汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)：以(yi)汞(gong)(gong)作基本元素(su)，并充(chong)有適量其(qi)他金屬(shu)或其(qi)他化合物的弧光(guang)放電(dian)燈(deng)；是利(li)用的汞(gong)(gong)蒸氣在放電(dian)過程中輻射紫外(wai)(wai)線(xian)，使(shi)熒光(guang)粉發出可見光(guang)；其(qi)中以(yi)汞(gong)(gong)蒸氣壓(ya)力又分為低壓(ya)、高壓(ya)、超高壓(ya)三類。由于汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)所(suo)消耗的電(dian)能大部分用于產生紫外(wai)(wai)線(xian)，因(yin)此，汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)的發光(guang)效率遠(yuan)比白熾燈(deng)和鹵鎢燈(deng)高，是目前節能的電(dian)光(guang)源(yuan)，誘蟲光(guang)源(yuan)多屬(shu)此類。

LED燈(deng)：發光(guang)(guang)二極管，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)固態的半(ban)導體器件(jian)直(zhi)接把電(dian)轉化為光(guang)(guang)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)新(xin)型最(zui)節能(neng)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，但都是(shi)(shi)(shi)單色光(guang)(guang)，光(guang)(guang)譜太(tai)狹窄，幾種(zhong)顏色的LED燈(deng)組合起來，光(guang)(guang)譜幅(fu)度也(ye)不可(ke)能(neng)很(hen)寬，因此，LED燈(deng)誘(you)蟲(chong)種(zhong)類少；而且價格高。使(shi)用(yong)LED燈(deng)作誘(you)蟲(chong)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)還(huan)需要進行(xing)系(xi)統的誘(you)蟲(chong)效果(guo)試(shi)驗；目前，不宜(yi)用(yong)于殺蟲(chong)燈(deng)。

殺蟲燈怎么用效果最好

1、殺蟲燈的開燈時間

根據害(hai)蟲的(de)(de)活(huo)動規律(lv)，害(hai)蟲的(de)(de)活(huo)動旺盛期(qi)是天(tian)快黑時開(kai)始，到晚(wan)上22：00以后(hou)就會(hui)慢慢的(de)(de)減弱，所以開(kai)燈的(de)(de)時間至關重要，每天(tian)一定要在傍晚(wan)18：00以后(hou)準時開(kai)燈。

2、殺蟲燈的懸掛位置

因(yin)為害蟲具有一(yi)定(ding)的自我保護能力，如果(guo)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈始終是懸掛在同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)位(wei)置，那么殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲效果(guo)肯(ken)定(ding)會大(da)打折扣，因(yin)此殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈的懸掛位(wei)置要不停的變換(huan)，這樣才能最大(da)限(xian)度的提高殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈對害蟲誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)效果(guo)；

3、和防蟲網一起使用

將(jiang)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)和(he)防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網結合起來實(shi)用，防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網可以將(jiang)外界的害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)大(da)棚中的害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)隔離開(kai)來，避免(mian)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)把周圍的害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也吸(xi)引過來，出現越殺(sha)越多的情況(kuang)。

4、配合藥物使用

在當前農業發展的過(guo)程(cheng)中，雖然殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)(deng)的誘(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)效果已經非(fei)常(chang)好(hao)了，但是(shi)當蟲(chong)害嚴重發生的時候，還需要(yao)配(pei)合使用(yong)一些用(yong)，殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)(deng)和藥(yao)物配(pei)合使用(yong)效果最佳。

5、先開燈再噴藥

在(zai)(zai)蟲(chong)害(hai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)發生時、在(zai)(zai)害(hai)蟲(chong)活(huo)動最活(huo)躍時，先開燈一會，然后在(zai)(zai)空(kong)中噴藥，可以成(cheng)倍地提高(gao)殺蟲(chong)燈對(dui)害(hai)蟲(chong)的誘殺效果。