一、混凝土的凝結時間
根(gen)據(ju)(ju)水(shui)泥(ni)的(de)(de)具體(ti)性質及(ji)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土所摻(chan)外加劑(ji)的(de)(de)性能不同,混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)初(chu)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)會有差別。為便于施(shi)工(gong),常態混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)初(chu)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得小(xiao)(xiao)于3~4小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得大于12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般(ban)(ban)控(kong)制在6~10小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)施(shi)工(gong)需要,選(xuan)擇適合(he)的(de)(de)外加劑(ji),可以在一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍內(nei)改變混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土的(de)(de)初(chu)、終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)水(shui)泥(ni)初(chu)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得早于45分鐘,一般(ban)(ban)為1~3小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得遲于12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一般(ban)(ban)為5~8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
二、混凝土一方多少噸
普通混凝土因為強度和等級的不同,在重量上也有一定的差異,常規的混凝土一般有C10、C15、C20、C25、C30、C35、C40等級,最高的能達到C80。以C10為例,一立方C10混凝土通常需要用到水泥100公斤,砂石780公斤,碎石1025公斤,水160公斤,摻合料220公斤,總重量2285公斤。通常混凝土的等級越高,重量約大,選擇的混凝土品牌以(yi)強度等級高為宜。
三、混凝土配合比
混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)配合(he)比是指混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中各組成材料之(zhi)間的(de)比例關系,混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)配合(he)比設計(ji)(ji)是混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)一項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),它直接影響到混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)順利施工(gong)(gong)、混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)和混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)成本。設計(ji)(ji)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)配合(he)比的(de)基(ji)本要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是滿足混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)強度等級、施工(gong)(gong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和易性、混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)使(shi)用要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)耐久性,在(zai)滿足以上要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)基(ji)礎上降低成本。
四、混凝土強度低怎么辦
混凝(ning)土強度(du)低(di)可通(tong)過(guo)提高水(shui)泥(ni)強度(du)等級來增(zeng)大混凝(ning)土強度(du);施工時,一(yi)般通(tong)過(guo)降低(di)水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi)來提高混凝(ning)土強度(du)。適(shi)當降低(di)水(shui)灰比(bi)(bi),可有(you)效控制漿(jiang)集(ji)比(bi)(bi)和(he)水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)層厚度(du),使集(ji)料(liao)的(de)骨架作(zuo)用(yong)得到充分(fen)發(fa)揮,最終能增(zeng)強混凝(ning)土強度(du)。此外,還可以通(tong)過(guo)優化設計工藝(yi)流程、選擇(ze)級配優良、砂率適(shi)中的(de)高強度(du)碎石、采用(yong)濕熱處理養護混凝(ning)土、適(shi)量添加外加劑(ji)和(he)摻合料(liao)等方法來增(zeng)加強度(du)。