一、混凝土的凝結時間
根據(ju)水(shui)泥的具體性質及混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土所摻外(wai)加(jia)劑的性能(neng)不同,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的初凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)及終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)會有差別(bie)。為便于(yu)(yu)施工,常(chang)態混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的初凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得(de)(de)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)3~4小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得(de)(de)大于(yu)(yu)12小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)控制(zhi)在6~10小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。根據(ju)施工需要,選擇適合的外(wai)加(jia)劑,可以在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的范圍內(nei)改變混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土的初、終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。國家標(biao)準規定(ding)水(shui)泥初凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得(de)(de)早(zao)于(yu)(yu)45分鐘,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為1~3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);終(zhong)凝(ning)(ning)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不得(de)(de)遲于(yu)(yu)12小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為5~8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
二、混凝土一方多少噸
普通混凝土因為強度和等級的不同,在重量上也有一定的差異,常規的混凝土一般有C10、C15、C20、C25、C30、C35、C40等級,最高的能達到C80。以C10為例,一立方C10混凝土通常需要用到水泥100公斤,砂石780公斤,碎石1025公斤,水160公斤,摻合料220公斤,總重量2285公斤。通常混凝土的等級越高,重量約大,選擇的混凝土品牌以強(qiang)度等級高為宜(yi)。
三、混凝土配合比
混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)配合比(bi)是指混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)中各組成材料之(zhi)間(jian)的比(bi)例(li)關系,混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配合比(bi)設計(ji)是混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中很(hen)重要(yao)的一(yi)項工(gong)(gong)作,它直接(jie)影響到(dao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)的順利施工(gong)(gong)、混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的質量和(he)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的成本。設計(ji)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)配合比(bi)的基本要(yao)求(qiu)是滿(man)足(zu)(zu)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)設計(ji)的強度等級、施工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)的混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)和(he)易性、混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)使用要(yao)求(qiu)的耐久性,在滿(man)足(zu)(zu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)要(yao)求(qiu)的基礎上(shang)(shang)降低成本。
四、混凝土強度低怎么辦
混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)低(di)(di)可通過提高(gao)水泥(ni)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)等(deng)級來增(zeng)大混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du);施工時(shi),一般通過降低(di)(di)水灰(hui)比來提高(gao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。適(shi)當(dang)降低(di)(di)水灰(hui)比,可有(you)效控制漿(jiang)集(ji)比和(he)水泥(ni)漿(jiang)層厚度(du)(du),使集(ji)料的(de)骨架作用(yong)得到充分發揮,最(zui)終(zhong)能增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。此外(wai),還可以通過優(you)化設計工藝流程、選(xuan)擇級配(pei)優(you)良、砂率(lv)適(shi)中的(de)高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)碎石、采用(yong)濕熱處理養(yang)護混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土、適(shi)量添加外(wai)加劑和(he)摻(chan)合料等(deng)方法來增(zeng)加強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。