一、棒球帽的起源
棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)是(shi)隨(sui)著棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)一起(qi)發展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de),棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)是(shi)一種以棒(bang)(bang)打(da)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)主要特(te)點,集(ji)體性(xing)(xing)、對(dui)抗性(xing)(xing)很強的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)類運(yun)動(dong)項目。它在(zai)國際上開展(zhan)較為(wei)(wei)廣泛,影響(xiang)較大,被譽為(wei)(wei)“競技與智慧的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合”。在(zai)美(mei)國、日本尤為(wei)(wei)盛行,被稱為(wei)(wei)“國球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)”。正由于(yu)棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)性(xing)(xing)之大,棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)也隨(sui)著棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)興(xing)旺(wang)起(qi)來根據美(mei)國有關專(zhuan)家多年(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)據認為(wei)(wei):棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)源于(yu)英國的(de)(de)(de)板球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(Cricket也稱圓場球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)Rounder)。1839年(nian),美(mei)國人(ren)竇布戴(dai)伊(Doubleday)組織了(le)第(di)一場與現代棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)動(dong)十分相(xiang)仿的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)賽。而在(zai)比(bi)賽中選(xuan)手(shou)們(men)剛(gang)開始(shi)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)遮住陽(yang)光帶(dai)上帽(mao)(mao)子的(de)(de)(de),由于(yu)其特(te)殊性(xing)(xing)所以帽(mao)(mao)檐比(bi)較長(chang)來遮擋太陽(yang)光對(dui)眼睛的(de)(de)(de)照射(she)從而獲(huo)得更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)成績,這(zhe)就是(shi)最早的(de)(de)(de)棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)。
二、棒球帽的歷史
棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)剛開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)并不被人們(men)生活(huo)中(zhong)所(suo)接受,被認為只(zhi)是運動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)專用物品,1839年,美(mei)國(guo)(guo)紐約州古帕斯鎮舉(ju)行了(le)(le)有(you)史以(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)首(shou)次(ci)(ci)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)。1860年,美(mei)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)。1871年美(mei)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)組織”;1876年該組織改名為“美(mei)國(guo)(guo)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)聯合會”。1881年成(cheng)立(li)另一個全(quan)國(guo)(guo)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)組織,即后來的(de)(de)(de)“全(quan)美(mei)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)聯合會”。1884年首(shou)次(ci)(ci)舉(ju)行這兩個組織間的(de)(de)(de)冠(guan)軍賽(sai),即“世界棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)冠(guan)軍賽(sai)”。此后,1910年時任美(mei)國(guo)(guo)總統(tong)威(wei)廉姆(mu)·霍華德·塔夫脫(William Howard Taft)正式批準棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)為美(mei)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)“國(guo)(guo)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)”。而由此棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)在各個棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)中(zhong)普及起(qi)來,剛開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)隊(dui)員(yuan)們(men)只(zhi)是為了(le)(le)遮擋陽(yang)光,到(dao)后來無論晴雨天氣,只(zhi)要比(bi)賽(sai)人們(men)就會帶(dai)上棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao),1873年棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)由美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳入(ru)日本。日本職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)創始(shi)于(yu)1934年。棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)由此也(ye)(ye)傳入(ru)了(le)(le)日本的(de)(de)(de)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)中(zhong),第二次(ci)(ci)世界大戰(zhan)后,棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)迅(xun)速在歐洲(zhou)各國(guo)(guo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展起(qi)來。棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)已在世界五大洲(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)100多(duo)個國(guo)(guo)家和(he)地區中(zhong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展。棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)則在世界普及起(qi)來,但是也(ye)(ye)只(zhi)限(xian)于(yu)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan),人們(men)也(ye)(ye)并沒有(you)把(ba)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)當成(cheng)生活(huo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)用品,棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)在那(nei)時也(ye)(ye)成(cheng)為了(le)(le)棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)標志性(xing)(xing)裝(zhuang)飾。
三、進入中國
棒球帽是(shi)隨著棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)起走入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)地的(de)(de),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人打棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)最早(zao)記載,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工程師詹天(tian)佑(you)在(zai)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)耶(ye)魯(lu)大(da)學留學時(1877-1881)組織中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui),以后從(cong)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本歸國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)華僑(qiao)及留學生把棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)祖(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。1895年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)北京(jing)(jing)匯文書院(yuan)成立(li)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui)。1907年(nian)(nian)(nian),北京(jing)(jing)匯文書院(yuan)對通州協和(he)書院(yuan)進行(xing)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)。這是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最早(zao)的(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、日、菲3國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發起的(de)(de)遠東運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)會(hui),歷屆(jie)都(dou)有(you)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)曾多(duo)次(ci)派代表隊(dui)(dui)參(can)加(jia)(jia)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成立(li)前的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)會(hui)也(ye)有(you)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai),參(can)加(jia)(jia)者多(duo)為(wei)(wei)學生。抗(kang)日戰爭期間,八路軍在(zai)陜北、晉察冀(ji)等(deng)抗(kang)日根據地曾開(kai)展棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。但在(zai)當時棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)只是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)稀有(you)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong),運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)也(ye)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)都(dou)帶(dai)(dai)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)的(de)(de),因為(wei)(wei)條件有(you)限,所(suo)以在(zai)群眾(zhong)普及就是(shi)更不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能的(de)(de)事情(qing)了(le)(le)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人民解(jie)放軍第(di)一(yi)屆(jie)全(quan)(quan)軍運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)會(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)項目。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian),第(di)一(yi)屆(jie)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)(yun)會(hui)上(shang)(shang),棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)被列為(wei)(wei)正式比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)項目,有(you)23個(ge)省(sheng),市(shi)隊(dui)(dui)參(can)加(jia)(jia),北京(jing)(jing)隊(dui)(dui)獲得(de)冠(guan)軍。1975年(nian)(nian)(nian),第(di)三屆(jie)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)(yun)會(hui)上(shang)(shang),棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai)分別在(zai)旅(lv)大(da)和(he)北京(jing)(jing)舉行(xing)預(yu)賽(sai)(sai)和(he)決賽(sai)(sai),第(di)一(yi)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)津隊(dui)(dui)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)第(di)四(si)屆(jie)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)(yun)會(hui)上(shang)(shang),有(you)14個(ge)省(sheng),市(shi)隊(dui)(dui)參(can)加(jia)(jia)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)賽(sai)(sai),冠(guan)軍為(wei)(wei)北京(jing)(jing)隊(dui)(dui)。1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月日本愛知大(da)學棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui)來中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)訪問比(bi)賽(sai)(sai),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)開(kai)始(shi)了(le)(le)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際交往。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月,日本法政大(da)學棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)(dui)來訪。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)協會(hui)成立(li),各省(sheng),市(shi)也(ye)陸續(xu)成立(li)分會(hui)。這時的(de)(de)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)才(cai)真正的(de)(de)都(dou)帶(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)象征著棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao),而(er)從(cong)此棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)也(ye)深(shen)入到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)姓的(de)(de)生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每個(ge)人都(dou)有(you)帶(dai)(dai)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)權利,普通百(bai)姓也(ye)帶(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao),棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)帽(mao)(mao)也(ye)被做成了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)樣式。
四、選擇方法
棒(bang)球帽有遮(zhe)陽、裝飾、增溫和防護等(deng)不同(tong)的作用(yong)作用(yong)。因此種類很多,選擇亦有講(jiang)究。
1、臉型
人的臉(lian)(lian)型(xing)主要有方(fang)型(xing)(國(guo)字(zi)臉(lian)(lian))、圓型(xing)(圓臉(lian)(lian))和尖(jian)型(xing)(尖(jian)臉(lian)(lian))三(san)種。圓臉(lian)(lian)戴(dai)圓頂(ding)帽,就顯得臉(lian)(lian)大、帽子小(xiao)。如戴(dai)寬(kuan)大的鴨(ya)舌帽就比較合適。尖(jian)臉(lian)(lian)的人戴(dai)了鴨(ya)舌帽就顯得臉(lian)(lian)部(bu)上大下小(xiao),更顯瘦削。因(yin)此戴(dai)圓頂(ding)帽比較合適。國(guo)字(zi)臉(lian)(lian)的人戴(dai)所有的帽子都比較合適。
2、身材
身高(gao)的(de)(de)人(ren)棒球帽(mao)(mao)宜(yi)(yi)大不宜(yi)(yi)小(xiao),否(fou)則(ze)給人(ren)頭輕腳(jiao)重(zhong)的(de)(de)感覺。身矮(ai)的(de)(de)人(ren)則(ze)相反。個子(zi)高(gao)的(de)(de)婦女不宜(yi)(yi)戴高(gao)棒球帽(mao)(mao),否(fou)則(ze)給人(ren)的(de)(de)感覺是“又(you)”長高(gao)了。個子(zi)矮(ai)的(de)(de)小(xiao)姐不宜(yi)(yi)戴平頂寬(kuan)檐棒球帽(mao)(mao),會(hui)顯得個子(zi)更矮(ai)。
五、作用用途
1、遮陽
棒球運(yun)動(dong)員在(zai)比(bi)賽時由于場(chang)地和時間的(de)問題會正(zheng)對陽光影響視線,所以(yi)棒球帽就起(qi)到了(le)遮陽的(de)作用(yong)。
2、束發
棒球帽可(ke)以將運動(dong)員的(de)頭發約束避免在比賽時由于頭發過長遮(zhe)掩(yan)而導致失誤。
3、保暖
棒球運(yun)動員(yuan)在冬季(ji)或(huo)較冷(leng)季(ji)節比賽,棒球帽可以起到保(bao)證頭部溫暖的(de)作用
4、防護
棒球帽(mao)可以作(zuo)(zuo)為防止細小物品掉落進頭發的作(zuo)(zuo)用,比如棒球比賽時(shi)防止沙土。
5、裝飾
隨著(zhu)棒(bang)球(qiu)帽的發展(zhan),上(shang)面4項(xiang)作為棒(bang)球(qiu)帽最基(ji)本的功能特點已經滿足不了(le)現代人的需(xu)要,棒(bang)球(qiu)帽越(yue)來越(yue)時尚,可以做為一種(zhong)裝飾(shi)用品。