一、草帽的編織方法
以(yi)麥草(cao)(水草(cao)、麥秸、竹(zhu)篾或棕繩等)編(bian)成七股辮,用手工打(da)螺形底,打(da)底后再用草(cao)帽(mao)機(ji)釘成草(cao)織或草(cao)編(bian)的帽(mao)子。最后用七股草(cao)辮在帽(mao)沿(yan)上圈邊。夏天(tian)戴這種草(cao)帽(mao),既遮陽又能通(tong)風透氣,十分涼爽。
1、正反結
整排打完百(bai)結(jie)(jie)后,相鄰兩股為(wei)一(yi)組再打結(jie)(jie),即成百(bai)結(jie)(jie)網孔。
2、單結
系在橫線上(shang)的線繩每四股(gu)為(wei)一組,將第(di)(di)四股(gu)壓在第(di)(di)二股(gu)、第(di)(di)三股(gu)上(shang),再將第(di)(di)一股(gu)墊入第(di)(di)二股(gu)、第(di)(di)三股(gu)下,然(ran)后(hou)挑第(di)(di)四股(gu)套(tao)過(guo)第(di)(di)一股(gu),第(di)(di)一股(gu)壓套(tao)過(guo)第(di)(di)四股(gu)。
執第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)墊入第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下,將第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)挑套第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),壓第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后壓套第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),向(xiang)下拉緊第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),拉直第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),即成單結。
編完備組(zu)的第(di)一(yi)(yi)節(jie)后(hou),改組(zu)將第(di)一(yi)(yi)股(gu)、第(di)二股(gu)與第(di)三股(gu)、第(di)四股(gu)分別(bie)與相鄰的另兩股(gu)組(zu)合成組(zu),編第(di)二排結(jie)。
3、雙結
雙結是在打完第(di)一個單結后(hou)不改組,間(jian)隔少許距離后(hou)再編第(di)二個同樣的(de)結,然后(hou)各與(yu)相鄰的(de)兩股組合。連續編兩次結,即成雙結。
4、繞格銅元眼
繞(rao)(rao)(rao)格銅元眼是單結(jie)與(yu)方格的(de)(de)結(jie)合。具體(ti)方法(fa)是:系(xi)在橫線上的(de)(de)線繩六(liu)(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為一組,先以一、二、五、六(liu)(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)編(bian)成單結(jie),再將(jiang)三、四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)交叉(cha)結(jie),第(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)五股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)拉向(xiang)右邊(bian),第(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)拉向(xiang)左(zuo)邊(bian);如此打完(wan)一排后(hou),將(jiang)相(xiang)鄰各組的(de)(de)中間兩股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相(xiang)互交叉(cha)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)結(jie),將(jiang)前一組的(de)(de)第(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)右拉,與(yu)該組第(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)交叉(cha)后(hou)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)一組第(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)左(zuo)拉,與(yu)該組第(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)交叉(cha)后(hou)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)五股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),與(yu)前一組第(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相(xiang)交成結(jie),至此一個完(wan)整的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)格銅元眼編(bian)成。
二、麥秸草帽編織技法
1、整麥稈
在(zai)小(xiao)麥(mai)成(cheng)熟收割運回家(jia)時,就(jiu)選擇麥(mai)稈白(bai)長(chang)的麥(mai)捆(kun)子,開(kai)始(shi)用(yong)雙(shuang)手(shou)一(yi)把(ba)(ba)一(yi)把(ba)(ba)抓起(qi)來(lai),將麥(mai)穗向(xiang)下在(zai)地上蹲(dun)齊。然后用(yong)左(zuo)手(shou)提住麥(mai)穗基部,右手(shou)拿鐮(lian)刀將太(tai)短的和(he)麥(mai)葉(xie)捋掉(diao),隨手(shou)綁成(cheng)小(xiao)把(ba)(ba)捆(kun)成(cheng)打捆(kun),存放在(zai)通風干燥處。
2、拆麥稈挑麥稈
拆(chai)麥稈時大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)用(yong)第一節(jie)和(he)少(shao)部(bu)(bu)第二節(jie),每節(jie)都在節(jie)前折斷,隨后開始挑麥稈,一般分(fen)(fen)(fen)為細、偏細、中粗(cu)、較粗(cu)4種類型,分(fen)(fen)(fen)好后逐型號綁成小把,并用(yong)剪刀減掉(diao)多余的麥穗勁前部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)備用(yong)。
3、泡桿、編帽辮
泡(pao)桿(gan)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)在(zai)早(zao)上(shang)和(he)下午(wu),泡(pao)桿(gan)時都(dou)用(yong)清(qing)水(shui)在(zai)大盆(pen)內或水(shui)桶里泡(pao),并(bing)用(yong)石頭將(jiang)麥(mai)稈壓住,使(shi)其完全浸(jin)泡(pao)在(zai)水(shui)中,需泡(pao)半小時到1小時,使(shi)用(yong)前用(yong)手(shou)捏一(yi)(yi)下麥(mai)稈看(kan)是(shi)否泡(pao)到位(wei),如泡(pao)到位(wei)即撈出把水(shui)甩(shuai)干,再(zai)用(yong)干凈濕(shi)手(shou)巾裹起(qi)(qi)來保濕(shi)。編(bian)帽辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)起(qi)(qi)頭需取(qu)7根麥(mai)稈為分兩辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)從偶數方用(yong)雙拇指的(de)指甲編(bian)、掐(qia)而成,所(suo)以又稱(cheng)“掐(qia)帽辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”。每年的(de)春、夏、秋、三個季節(jie)都(dou)可(ke)編(bian)帽辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),帽辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)有細(xi)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、偏細(xi)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、中粗(cu)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)和(he)粗(cu)辮(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)4種,等到積存一(yi)(yi)定數量后,才(cai)可(ke)進入下道(dao)工(gong)序。
4、編草帽
實際在(zai)農村都叫盤(pan)草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)子,因為(wei)制作草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)時將(jiang)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)辮(bian)一圈一圈由里(li)向外擴(kuo)展(zhan)而得名。在(zai)盤(pan)草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)時將(jiang)選(xuan)好要(yao)用(yong)(yong)的帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)辮(bian),用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡10至20分鐘撈出,甩掉水(shui)(shui)分后(hou)開始:一是選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)細辮(bian),針穿(chuan)雙股(gu)線盤(pan)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)頂(ding),再(zai)用(yong)(yong)偏(pian)細辮(bian)盤(pan)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)籠,然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)中粗辮(bian)盤(pan)毛(mao)沿(yan)(yan),一般根(gen)據用(yong)(yong)途帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)沿(yan)(yan)可(ke)大可(ke)小,大草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)直徑在(zai)60厘(li)米左(zuo)右,小的40厘(li)米左(zuo)右收邊,收邊必須(xu)(xu)用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)股(gu)針線縫兩(liang)道才算完工(gong)。草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)盤(pan)好后(hou),須(xu)(xu)給帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)沿(yan)(yan)部分噴上(shang)水(shui)(shui),然后(hou)在(zai)方桌上(shang)放平用(yong)(yong)吃飯碗,碗口向下,手(shou)握碗底(di)用(yong)(yong)力在(zai)草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)上(shang)來回推(tui)磨,以達到接茬彌(mi)合。至此一項嶄新的草(cao)(cao)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)誕生啦。