樓梯間應急照明分類

應(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)指(zhi)因正常(chang)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)失效而啟動(dong)的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，應(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)必須采用(yong)能(neng)瞬時可(ke)靠(kao)點燃(ran)的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)光源(yuan)，一般采用(yong)白熾燈和鹵鎢燈。 應(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)包括備用(yong)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)、安全(quan)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和疏(shu)散照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。

1、備用照明(ming)。指用于(yu)確保(bao)正常(chang)活動繼續(xu)進行的照明(ming)。應急照明(ming)主要(yao)設置(zhi)在由于(yu)工作中(zhong)斷或誤操作容(rong)易(yi)引起爆炸、火災和(he)人身傷亡或造成嚴重后果和(he)經濟損失的場所，如醫院(yuan)的手術室(shi)和(he)急救室(shi)、商(shang)場、體育館、劇院(yuan)等、變配(pei)電室(shi)、消防控制(zhi)中(zhong)心等。

2、安(an)全(quan)照明。指用于確保處(chu)于潛在危險之中的(de)人員安(an)全(quan)的(de)照明。

3 、疏(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)照明(ming)。指(zhi)用于(yu)確保疏(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)通(tong)道被有效地辨(bian)認和(he)使用的(de)(de)照明(ming)。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)照明(ming)主(zhu)要(yao)設置在一(yi)旦正常照明(ming)熄滅或發生火災，將引起混亂的(de)(de)人員(yuan)密集的(de)(de)場所，如賓(bin)館、影劇(ju)院、展覽館、大型百貨商場、體育(yu)館、高(gao)層(ceng)建筑的(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)通(tong)道等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓梯(ti)間(jian)作為建筑物內部的(de)(de)核心(xin)組成部分(fen)，不僅(jin)是(shi)人流相對(dui)集中、最(zui)易發(fa)生意外的(de)(de)地方而且還承擔應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)疏(shu)散的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)任務。在發(fa)生火(huo)災或者(zhe)是(shi)突然斷電(dian)等情況時，樓梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)將發(fa)揮重要(yao)(yao)(yao)作用因(yin)此應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)高度(du)重視樓梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)設計(ji)(ji)。GB 50016-2014《建筑設計(ji)(ji)防(fang)火(huo)規范》中規定(ding)在封閉(bi)式或防(fang)煙式的(de)(de)樓梯(ti)間(jian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設置消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具，并且對(dui)樓梯(ti)間(jian)內的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)疏(shu)散照度(du)也有(you)強制性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(一般要(yao)(yao)(yao)求地面的(de)(de)最(zui)低水平照度(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該高于(yu)5.0 lx)。此外，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)設計(ji)(ji)過程中需要(yao)(yao)(yao)合理(li)選擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系統供(gong)電(dian)控制方式，井應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通過計(ji)(ji)算方法驗證應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)照度(du)是(shi)否滿足規范性的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求和標準(zhun)值的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨著相關(guan)消防照(zhao)明(ming)法規(gui)的(de)健全與(yu)完善，消防應(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具的(de)種類(lei)也(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)增多，性能不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)，技術不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展。按照(zhao)供電形式劃分，目前常(chang)用的(de)消防應(ying)急燈(deng)具主要分為2種：

①自(zi)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)。該(gai)類燈具(ju)是我國普諞使用(yong)(yong)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)之一(yi)(yi)，一(yi)(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被(bei)切斷，其自(zi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可(ke)(ke)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并且每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)燈具(ju)內部還配(pei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件，可(ke)(ke)以起到變壓(ya)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、穩壓(ya)以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。當消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明燈具(ju)進行檢修(xiu)時，可(ke)(ke)以去(qu)掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，方便下(xia)次正(zheng)常使用(yong)(yong)。自(zi)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)優勢明顯(xian)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠性高(gao)，轉換速度快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞對(dui)燈具(ju)影響相對(dui)較(jiao)小等(deng)；其缺點(dian)在于投資(zi)大(da)，受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)大(da)小的(de)限(xian)制，具(ju)的(de)照(zhao)明時間比較(jiao)短，運(yun)行管理和維護要求較(jiao)高(gao)等(deng)。通常情況下(xia)，在建(jian)筑層次校對(dui)或(huo)規模(mo)較(jiao)小的(de)建(jian)筑物樓梯間，消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)較(jiao)少，因(yin)此宜采用(yong)(yong)自(zi)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)。

②集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)。在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些大型建筑工程中(zhong)(zhong)，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)比較受人們的(de)青(qing)睞，主要(yao)原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于這種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)內沒有獨立的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，當正常照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)被切斷時，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)于供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。這種形式的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)省略(lve)了燈(deng)具(ju)內部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)分復雜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，并且(qie)可以在(zai)(zai)專(zhuan)用(yong)房間內設置(zhi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，一旦發生(sheng)事故，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)就會自動投切。與自帶(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)相對比，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控制型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)方(fang)便(bian)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)管(guan)理，用(yong)戶(hu)可以自行(xing)查看(kan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)。此(ci)外，該種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)還具(ju)有進行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查以及延長燈(deng)具(ju)使用(yong)壽命等優勢(shi)，方(fang)便(bian)維護和管(guan)理。但(dan)是此(ci)種燈(deng)具(ju)也存在(zai)(zai)一定缺陷，一旦消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出現(xian)故障，就會對正常的(de)照明(ming)造成影響(xiang)。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)滿足其(qi)安裝場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水以(yi)及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵要(yao)求(qiu)。通常情況下(xia)，一(yi)般(ban)民(min)用建(jian)筑(zhu)樓(lou)梯間(jian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)少，沒有(you)規定(ding)(ding)特(te)殊要(yao)求(qiu)。工(gong)業(ye)建(jian)筑(zhu)則不(bu)同(tong)，其(qi)樓(lou)梯間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)業(ye)環境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)進行。環境(jing)比較(jiao)(jiao)潮濕時，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水等(deng)級(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)或帶水燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)敞性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；在(zai)(zai)某(mou)些腐(fu)蝕性氣體(ti)相對較(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所，應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)抗腐(fu)蝕密閉型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)如果(guo)工(gong)業(ye)建(jian)筑(zhu)所在(zai)(zai)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塵埃相對較(jiao)(jiao)多，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)帶有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵裝置，且防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)等(deng)級(ji)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；若(ruo)是建(jian)筑(zhu)場(chang)所臨(lin)近(jin)易(yi)燃易(yi)爆或者易(yi)發生火(huo)災的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明和疏散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)系統》等(deng)國家(jia)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。通常情況下(xia)普通建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)梯間(jian)轉彎平(ping)臺上(shang)都應(ying)(ying)該(gai)布置消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)或是人(ren)員疏散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)安裝高(gao)度控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)距離(li)地面(mian)高(gao)度2m左(zuo)(zuo)右，除(chu)此(ci)之外疏散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝高(gao)度般(ban)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)距離(li)地面(mian)0.4 m左(zuo)(zuo)右。

綜上所述，選擇(ze)消防應急照明(ming)燈具，充分考(kao)慮建筑物(wu)功能、性質(zhi)等方(fang)面(mian)的因素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系統需要(yao)具(ju)備(bei)獨(du)立的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。獨(du)立照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應該(gai)和常(chang)(chang)規照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分離開，比較常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)獨(du)立于饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)形式(shi)。因此常(chang)(chang)用的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要(yao)有3種(zhong)：一是(shi)以(yi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組作(zuo)為(wei)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，二(er)是(shi)以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，三(san)是(shi)以(yi)自帶自動轉換裝置的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應急(ji)燈作(zuo)為(wei)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組作為消(xiao)防應急(ji)(ji)照明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)，需要(yao)在配(pei)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站周圍設計一(yi)段(duan)低(di)壓(ya)應急(ji)(ji)母(mu)線(xian)，然后使用(yong)斷(duan)路(lu)器將低(di)壓(ya)應急(ji)(ji)母(mu)線(xian)和變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)的低(di)壓(ya)母(mu)線(xian)進行連接，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)從變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發(fa)生故障的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機就(jiu)會自行啟動。應急(ji)(ji)母(mu)線(xian)就(jiu)會和正常電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)斷(duan)開，并采用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)恢置正常后，延緩(huan)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間就(jiu)會返回到之前的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。

以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)消防應急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)燈(deng)(deng)內(nei)自(zi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有自(zi)動(dong)轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)，并根據具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況，將常(chang)用(yong)(yong)照(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)進(jin)行(xing)分散，不(bu)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)剛無需(xu)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)，如果樓梯出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性(xing)燈(deng)(deng)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取集(ji)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，并專門管理。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在給(gei)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線中(zhong)，不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)置(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)線路。作為(wei)應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)一般比較(jiao)短，因此供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)也是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)。相反，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相對較(jiao)長，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)過程也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)較(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。所(suo)以(yi)，在整個(ge)照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)行(xing)組(zu)臺，然后(hou)設(she)置(zhi)自(zi)動(dong)轉換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路出(chu)現故障的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直接轉換(huan)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)亮應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)，幫(bang)助人們繼(ji)續正常(chang)工(gong)作或是(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)應急(ji)疏散，如果不(bu)是(shi)(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)，時(shi)(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)轉換(huan)到(dao)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如果采用自(zi)動轉換(huan)裝置(zhi)的蓄電池(chi)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈，可(ke)以從常(chang)規照明(ming)箱引(yin)出單獨回路(lu)(lu)的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)電源，也可(ke)以直(zhi)接從應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)電源上引(yin)出，如果回路(lu)(lu)出現斷(duan)電情況時由電池(chi)供電的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈就會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯間(jian)消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)設(she)計需要注(zhu)意照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配(pei)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路問題，應(ying)急(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路中應(ying)該(gai)使用防(fang)火電纜和耐熱(re)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，應(ying)急(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路是從發(fa)電機到(dao)應(ying)急(ji)配(pei)電母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，從母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)到(dao)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)以及由集中裝(zhuang)蓄電池到(dao)直(zhi)急(ji)燈(deng)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路。通常(chang)情況(kuang)下應(ying)急(ji)配(pei)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路需要裝(zhuang)設(she)短路保護裝(zhuang)置。在線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路敷(fu)(fu)設(she)過程中，需要將應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路和正常(chang)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路分(fen)管進行敷(fu)(fu)設(she)，兩(liang)者(zhe)之間(jian)不需要共(gong)用中性線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)劃(hua)分(fen)需要按照(zhao)防(fang)火區(qu)進行劃(hua)分(fen)，不同防(fang)火區(qu)的(de)(de)分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路之間(jian)不能出(chu)現跨越(yue)。

（3）供電方式

合(he)適的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計中的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)環節，該(gai)環節的(de)(de)設(she)計過程(cheng)(cheng)中需(xu)(xu)要(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)慮到建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類、用途，建筑(zhu)物(wu)符合(he)的(de)(de)等級(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換時間(jian)(jian)等。此(ci)(ci)外，消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)持續時間(jian)(jian)以及應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)特點都是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計中需(xu)(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點考(kao)慮的(de)(de)因素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多，因此(ci)(ci)可以選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)者是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)，可以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直接(jie)引(yin)到照明(ming)(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上(shang)，采用專用回路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)行施工或(huo)者是(shi)設(she)計過程(cheng)(cheng)時，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)由供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)專用回路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和普通照明(ming)(ming)回路(lu)的(de)(de)連接(jie)，避免出現消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)發生(sheng)火災的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。

合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)環節，該環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)過程中需要(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類、用途，建(jian)筑物(wu)符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換時間等(deng)(deng)。此外，消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)持續時間以(yi)及應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點都是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中需要(yao)重點考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類別眾多，因此可以(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中部(bu)(bu)分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或者是(shi)(shi)全部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作為應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于(yu)獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具，可以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直接引到(dao)照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用專用回路進行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)進行(xing)施工或者是(shi)(shi)設計(ji)過程時，需要(yao)由(you)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專用回路進行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普通照(zhao)明(ming)回路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接，避免出現(xian)消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具發生火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具，是消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)中最(zui)為(wei)(wei)普遍的(de)(de)一種(zhong)照明(ming)工(gong)(gong)具，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)(chang)，具有斷電(dian)自(zi)動應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)功能。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具有耗電(dian)小、亮度(du)高，使用壽命(ming)長(chang)(chang)等特點，邊上有電(dian)源(yuan)開關和指顯燈(deng)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，適合(he)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、酒店、學校、單位等公(gong)共場所以(yi)備停電(dian)怍應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)之用。其中，樓(lou)梯間(jian)作為(wei)(wei)建筑(zhu)內(nei)人(ren)員(yuan)疏散(san)的(de)(de)生命(ming)通道(dao)以(yi)及人(ren)員(yuan)流動的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)場所，需要(yao)加強封消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)及效果的(de)(de)重(zhong)視，對于(yu)有強制性要(yao)求的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)，僅憑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)感覺進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，很容(rong)易出現設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)不合(he)格或者是設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)違反建筑(zhu)規定的(de)(de)問題。因此在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)照明(ming)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中需要(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)慮多方面因素的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，本著既方便實用又環保(bao)節能的(de)(de)要(yao)求，按(an)照建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)具體布局(ju)進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，不僅能夠滿足(zu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)要(yao)求的(de)(de)原則，同時(shi)還能夠符臺合(he)理的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)理念(nian)。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各(ge)單(dan)位應在各(ge)疏散走道、出(chu)口及樓梯間設(she)置事故(gu)應急(ji)照(zhao)明燈。

2、事故照明(ming)燈宜(yi)(yi)(yi)設(she)(she)在(zai)墻(qiang)面或頂(ding)棚上(shang)。疏(shu)散(san)指示(shi)標志(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)放在(zai)太平(ping)門的(de)(de)頂(ding)部或疏(shu)散(san)走(zou)道及其(qi)轉角處距地面高度一米(mi)以下(xia)的(de)(de)墻(qiang)面上(shang)，走(zou)道上(shang)的(de)(de)指示(shi)標志(zhi)間(jian)距不宜(yi)(yi)(yi)大于20m。事故照明(ming)燈和疏(shu)散(san)指示(shi)標志(zhi)，應設(she)(she)玻(bo)璃或其(qi)他(ta)非燃燒材料制作的(de)(de)保護罩(zhao)。

3、事故(gu)照明燈(deng)(deng)宜設在(zai)墻面(mian)或(huo)頂棚上(shang)。疏(shu)(shu)散指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)宜放在(zai)太平門的(de)頂部或(huo)疏(shu)(shu)散走(zou)道及其(qi)轉角處距地面(mian)高度一米以下的(de)墻面(mian)上(shang)，走(zou)道上(shang)的(de)指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)間距不宜大于(yu)20m。事故(gu)照明燈(deng)(deng)和疏(shu)(shu)散指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)，應(ying)設玻璃或(huo)其(qi)他非燃燒材(cai)料制作的(de)保護罩。

4、消防應急照明燈具和燈光(guang)疏散指示標志的(de)備用電(dian)源的(de)連(lian)續供電(dian)時間不應少于30min。