樓梯間應急照明分類

應急照(zhao)明(ming)指因正常照(zhao)明(ming)失效而啟動的照(zhao)明(ming)，應急照(zhao)明(ming)必須采用能(neng)瞬(shun)時可靠點(dian)燃的照(zhao)明(ming)光源，一(yi)般(ban)采用白熾燈和鹵(lu)鎢(wu)燈。 應急照(zhao)明(ming)包(bao)括備用照(zhao)明(ming)、安(an)全照(zhao)明(ming)和疏散照(zhao)明(ming)。

1、備(bei)用照明。指用于(yu)確(que)保正常活動(dong)繼(ji)續進行的(de)照明。應(ying)急照明主(zhu)要設置在(zai)由于(yu)工作中斷或(huo)誤操作容(rong)易引起(qi)爆(bao)炸、火災(zai)和(he)人身傷亡或(huo)造成嚴重后果和(he)經濟損失的(de)場所，如醫(yi)院的(de)手術(shu)室和(he)急救室、商(shang)場、體育館(guan)、劇院等、變配電室、消防(fang)控制中心等。

2、安(an)全照明。指用于確保處于潛(qian)在危險之(zhi)中的人員安(an)全的照明。

3 、疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散照明。指(zhi)用于確保疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散通道(dao)被有效地辨認和(he)使用的照明。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散照明主要設置在一旦(dan)正常照明熄滅或發生火災(zai)，將引起混亂(luan)的人員密集(ji)的場(chang)所，如賓館(guan)、影劇院、展(zhan)覽館(guan)、大型百貨商場(chang)、體(ti)育館(guan)、高層(ceng)建筑的疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散通道(dao)等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓梯(ti)間(jian)作為建筑(zhu)物內部的(de)核心組成部分(fen)，不僅(jin)是(shi)人流相對集(ji)中(zhong)、最易發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)意外(wai)的(de)地方而且(qie)還承擔應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)疏散(san)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)任務。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)火災(zai)或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)突然斷電等情況時(shi)，樓梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)將發(fa)(fa)揮重(zhong)要(yao)作用因此應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)高度(du)重(zhong)視樓梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設計(ji)。GB 50016-2014《建筑(zhu)設計(ji)防火規范》中(zhong)規定在(zai)封閉式(shi)(shi)或(huo)防煙式(shi)(shi)的(de)樓梯(ti)間(jian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設置消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具，并且(qie)對樓梯(ti)間(jian)內的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)疏散(san)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)也有強制性要(yao)求(一(yi)般要(yao)求地面(mian)的(de)最低水平照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該高于5.0 lx)。此外(wai)，消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設計(ji)過程中(zhong)需要(yao)合理(li)選擇應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系統供電控(kong)制方式(shi)(shi)，井應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)過計(ji)算方法驗證應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)度(du)是(shi)否滿足(zu)規范性的(de)要(yao)求和(he)標準值的(de)需要(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨著相關消(xiao)防(fang)照明法(fa)規的健全(quan)與完善，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明燈具的種類也不斷增多，性能不斷提高(gao)，技術不斷發展(zhan)。按(an)照供電形式(shi)劃分，目(mu)前常用的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具主(zhu)要分為2種：

①自帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。該類燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)是我(wo)國普諞(pian)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)之一(yi)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源被切斷，其自帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池即(ji)可(ke)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)且(qie)每一(yi)個燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內(nei)部還配有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件，可(ke)以(yi)起到(dao)變壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、穩壓以(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)作用。當(dang)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)進行(xing)檢修時，可(ke)以(yi)去(qu)掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，方便下次正(zheng)常使(shi)(shi)用。自帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)優勢明(ming)顯，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)高(gao)，轉換速度快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損壞對燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)影(ying)響相對較小(xiao)等；其缺(que)點在于投資大(da)，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)限制，具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)照(zhao)明(ming)時間(jian)比(bi)較短，運行(xing)管(guan)理和維護要求較高(gao)等。通常情況下，在建(jian)筑層次校對或(huo)規(gui)模(mo)較小(xiao)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑物樓梯(ti)間(jian)，消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)較少，因(yin)此宜(yi)采用自帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。

②集(ji)中供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。在(zai)某些大型(xing)建(jian)筑工程中，集(ji)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)比較受人們的(de)青睞，主要(yao)原(yuan)因在(zai)于(yu)這(zhe)種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)沒(mei)有(you)獨立的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，當正常照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)被切斷時(shi)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)集(ji)中于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統。這(zhe)種形式的(de)應急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統省略(lve)了燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)部部分復雜(za)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，并且可以(yi)在(zai)專用房(fang)間內(nei)設置集(ji)中供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，一旦發生事故(gu)，集(ji)中供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統就會自(zi)動(dong)投切。與自(zi)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)相對(dui)比，集(ji)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)控制型(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)方便集(ji)中管理(li)，用戶可以(yi)自(zi)行查看(kan)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)。此外，該種消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)還具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)進行消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)監督檢(jian)查以(yi)及延長燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)使用壽命等優勢，方便維護和(he)管理(li)。但是此種燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)存在(zai)一定缺陷，一旦消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)現故(gu)障，就會對(dui)正常的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)造成影響。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)滿足其安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水(shui)以(yi)及防(fang)塵要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。通(tong)常情況下，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)民用建筑樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)選(xuan)擇(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)少，沒有規(gui)定特殊要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。工(gong)業(ye)建筑則不同，其樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)業(ye)環境(jing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進行。環境(jing)比較(jiao)潮濕時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)防(fang)水(shui)等級(ji)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)或帶水(shui)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)(de)開敞性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)；在(zai)某些腐蝕性(xing)氣(qi)體相對較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗腐蝕密閉(bi)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)如果(guo)工(gong)業(ye)建筑所(suo)在(zai)地的(de)(de)(de)塵埃相對較(jiao)多，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)選(xuan)擇(ze)帶有防(fang)塵裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，且防(fang)護(hu)等級(ji)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)；若是(shi)建筑場(chang)所(suo)臨(lin)近(jin)易燃易爆或者易發生(sheng)火(huo)災的(de)(de)(de)地方，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明和疏散(san)指示系(xi)統》等國家(jia)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)選(xuan)擇(ze)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護(hu)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)。通(tong)常情況下普(pu)通(tong)建筑的(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)轉彎(wan)平(ping)臺上都應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)布置消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)或是(shi)人員疏散(san)的(de)(de)(de)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度限制(zhi)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)可以(yi)將安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)(gao)度控制(zhi)在(zai)距(ju)(ju)離(li)地面高(gao)(gao)度2m左右，除此之外疏散(san)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)(gao)度般(ban)(ban)控制(zhi)在(zai)距(ju)(ju)離(li)地面0.4 m左右。

綜上所(suo)述，選擇消防應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)燈具(ju)，充分考慮建筑(zhu)物功(gong)能、性質等方面的因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)需要(yao)具備獨立(li)的(de)電(dian)源。獨立(li)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源應(ying)該和(he)常規照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源分離開(kai)，比較常見的(de)獨立(li)于饋電(dian)線路(lu)的(de)電(dian)源有(you)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組、蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)源等(deng)形式。因此常用的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)3種：一(yi)是(shi)以(yi)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組作為消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源，二是(shi)以(yi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源，三是(shi)以(yi)自(zi)帶自(zi)動轉換裝置的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈作為消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源。

以(yi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組作為消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)在配(pei)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站周圍設計一(yi)段低(di)壓應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)，然后使用斷路器(qi)將(jiang)低(di)壓應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的低(di)壓母(mu)線(xian)(xian)進行(xing)連(lian)接，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)從變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發(fa)生故障的情況下(xia)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機就會自行(xing)啟動。應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)就會和(he)(he)正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源斷開(kai)，并采用發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源恢置正常后，延緩一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)就會返(fan)回到之前的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

以蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為消防應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以選(xuan)用燈(deng)內(nei)自(zi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有(you)自(zi)動轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急燈(deng)，并根據具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)，將(jiang)常(chang)用照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)(kai)關進行(xing)分散，不常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)置剛無(wu)需(xu)(xu)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)(kai)關，如(ru)果樓梯出口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性燈(deng)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)開(kai)(kai)關時(shi)(shi)(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)采取(qu)集中裝(zhuang)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，并專(zhuan)門(men)管理。需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在(zai)(zai)給(gei)應(ying)急燈(deng)浮充電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用電(dian)源(yuan)線中，不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)置專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關線路(lu)。作為應(ying)急電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一般(ban)比較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)，因此(ci)供(gong)電(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間也是(shi)比較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。相反(fan)，發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對較(jiao)(jiao)長，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過程(cheng)(cheng)也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)較(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。所以，在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)設(she)計中需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)進行(xing)組臺，然(ran)后設(she)置自(zi)動轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)路(lu)出現故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下，可以直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)換(huan)到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)電(dian)，點亮應(ying)急燈(deng)，幫助人們繼(ji)續正常(chang)工作或是(shi)進行(xing)應(ying)急疏散，如(ru)果不是(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間較(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下就可以轉(zhuan)換(huan)到(dao)發(fa)電(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)。

如(ru)果采用自(zi)動轉(zhuan)換裝置(zhi)的(de)蓄電(dian)池應急燈，可以從(cong)常規照(zhao)明(ming)箱引出單獨回(hui)路的(de)應急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源，也可以直接從(cong)應急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源上(shang)引出，如(ru)果回(hui)路出現斷電(dian)情況(kuang)時由電(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)的(de)應急燈就會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯(ti)間(jian)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計需(xu)要(yao)注意(yi)照明配電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路問(wen)題，應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)使用防(fang)火電(dian)纜和(he)耐熱導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路是從(cong)發(fa)電(dian)機到應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配電(dian)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，從(cong)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)到應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)以及(ji)由集中(zhong)裝蓄電(dian)池到直急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路。通常(chang)情況下應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路需(xu)要(yao)裝設(she)(she)(she)短路保護(hu)裝置。在線(xian)(xian)(xian)路敷(fu)設(she)(she)(she)過(guo)程中(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)將應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明線(xian)(xian)(xian)路和(he)正常(chang)照明線(xian)(xian)(xian)路分(fen)(fen)管進行敷(fu)設(she)(she)(she)，兩者(zhe)之間(jian)不需(xu)要(yao)共用中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明分(fen)(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)需(xu)要(yao)按(an)照防(fang)火區進行劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)，不同防(fang)火區的(de)分(fen)(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)路之間(jian)不能出現(xian)跨(kua)越。

（3）供電方式

合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)環節，該環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)過程中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)綜合考(kao)慮到(dao)建筑(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)、用(yong)途，建筑(zhu)物符合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)時間等(deng)(deng)。此外，消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)持續時間以及應(ying)(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點都(dou)是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重點考(kao)慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)別眾多(duo)，因(yin)此可以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者是(shi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作為應(ying)(ying)(ying)急供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立控制(zhi)又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)具(ju)，可以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接引(yin)到(dao)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)回(hui)路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)行施(shi)工(gong)或者是(shi)設(she)計(ji)過程時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)由供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)回(hui)路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁(jin)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和普通照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接，避免(mian)出現(xian)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)具(ju)發生火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。

合適的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)環(huan)節，該環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)過程(cheng)中(zhong)需要(yao)綜(zong)合考慮(lv)到建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)種類、用(yong)(yong)途，建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)符合的(de)(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換時間等。此(ci)外(wai)，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)持續時間以及應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)都是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)需要(yao)重點(dian)(dian)考慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多(duo)，因(yin)此(ci)可以選擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)或者是(shi)(shi)全部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。對于(yu)獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具，可以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)直接引到照明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)回(hui)(hui)路進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)施工(gong)或者是(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)過程(cheng)時，需要(yao)由(you)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)回(hui)(hui)路進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普通照明(ming)回(hui)(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)連接，避免出現(xian)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具發生火災(zai)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈具(ju)，是消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急中(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種照(zhao)明(ming)工(gong)具(ju)，應(ying)(ying)急時(shi)間(jian)長，具(ju)有(you)(you)斷電自動(dong)(dong)應(ying)(ying)急功能(neng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈具(ju)有(you)(you)耗電小、亮度高，使(shi)用壽命長等特(te)點，邊上有(you)(you)電源開(kai)關和指顯燈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)，適合工(gong)廠、酒店、學校、單(dan)位等公共場(chang)所以(yi)備停電怍應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)之用。其(qi)中(zhong)，樓梯(ti)間(jian)作為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內人員疏(shu)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命通(tong)道以(yi)及人員流動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要場(chang)所，需(xu)要加強封消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)設計(ji)及效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)，對于有(you)(you)強制性要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)，僅憑(ping)設計(ji)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺進行設計(ji)，很容(rong)易出現設計(ji)不(bu)合格(ge)或者是設計(ji)違(wei)反建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。因(yin)此(ci)在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)照(zhao)明(ming)應(ying)(ying)急設計(ji)中(zhong)需(xu)要綜合考慮(lv)多方面因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，本著既方便(bian)實(shi)用又環保節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，按照(zhao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體布局進行設計(ji)，不(bu)僅能(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，同時(shi)還能(neng)夠(gou)符(fu)臺合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)理念(nian)。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各(ge)單位應在各(ge)疏散走道(dao)、出口(kou)及樓(lou)梯間(jian)設置事故應急照明燈。

2、事故照明(ming)(ming)燈宜(yi)設在(zai)墻面(mian)或頂(ding)棚上。疏散指示(shi)標志宜(yi)放在(zai)太平門的(de)頂(ding)部(bu)或疏散走(zou)道及其(qi)轉角處距(ju)地面(mian)高度一(yi)米以下的(de)墻面(mian)上，走(zou)道上的(de)指示(shi)標志間距(ju)不宜(yi)大于20m。事故照明(ming)(ming)燈和疏散指示(shi)標志，應設玻璃或其(qi)他非燃燒材料制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)保護罩。

3、事(shi)故照明燈宜(yi)(yi)設(she)在(zai)墻(qiang)面或頂棚上。疏(shu)散(san)指示(shi)標志(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)放在(zai)太平門的頂部或疏(shu)散(san)走(zou)道及其(qi)轉角(jiao)處距地面高(gao)度一(yi)米以下的墻(qiang)面上，走(zou)道上的指示(shi)標志(zhi)間(jian)距不宜(yi)(yi)大于20m。事(shi)故照明燈和疏(shu)散(san)指示(shi)標志(zhi)，應設(she)玻璃或其(qi)他(ta)非燃(ran)燒材料制作的保護罩。

4、消防應急(ji)照明燈具和燈光疏散指(zhi)示標志的(de)(de)備用電源的(de)(de)連續供電時(shi)間不應少(shao)于30min。