樓梯間應急照明分類

應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)指因(yin)正常照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)失效而啟動的照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)必(bi)須采用能瞬時可(ke)靠點燃的照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)光源，一般采用白(bai)熾燈和鹵鎢燈。 應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)包括備用照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)、安全照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和疏散照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。

1、備用(yong)照(zhao)明。指用(yong)于確保正常活(huo)動繼續進行(xing)的(de)照(zhao)明。應急(ji)照(zhao)明主要設置在由于工(gong)作中斷或誤操作容易引起(qi)爆炸、火災(zai)和(he)人身傷亡或造成嚴重后果和(he)經濟損失的(de)場(chang)所，如醫院的(de)手(shou)術室(shi)和(he)急(ji)救室(shi)、商場(chang)、體育館、劇院等(deng)、變配電室(shi)、消防控制中心(xin)等(deng)。

2、安全照明。指(zhi)用于(yu)確保(bao)處于(yu)潛在危(wei)險之(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)人員安全的(de)照明。

3 、疏(shu)(shu)散(san)照明。指用于確(que)保疏(shu)(shu)散(san)通(tong)道被有(you)效地辨(bian)認和(he)使用的(de)照明。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)照明主要設(she)置在一(yi)旦正常照明熄滅或發生(sheng)火災，將引起混亂的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)密集的(de)場(chang)所，如賓(bin)館(guan)、影劇院、展覽館(guan)、大型百貨商場(chang)、體育館(guan)、高層建筑的(de)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)通(tong)道等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓(lou)(lou)梯間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)為建筑(zhu)物內部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)核心組成部(bu)(bu)分，不僅是人流相(xiang)對(dui)集中、最易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)意外的(de)(de)地(di)方而(er)且(qie)還承擔應(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏(shu)散的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要任務(wu)。在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)火災或(huo)者是突然斷(duan)電等情況時，樓(lou)(lou)梯間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)將發(fa)揮重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用因此應(ying)(ying)高度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)視樓(lou)(lou)梯間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)設計(ji)。GB 50016-2014《建筑(zhu)設計(ji)防(fang)火規(gui)范》中規(gui)定在(zai)封閉式(shi)或(huo)防(fang)煙式(shi)的(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)梯間(jian)(jian)都應(ying)(ying)設置(zhi)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈具，并且(qie)對(dui)樓(lou)(lou)梯間(jian)(jian)內的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏(shu)散照度(du)也有(you)強(qiang)制性要求(qiu)(一般要求(qiu)地(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)最低水平照度(du)應(ying)(ying)該高于5.0 lx)。此外，消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)設計(ji)過程中需(xu)要合理選擇應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)系(xi)統供電控制方式(shi)，井(jing)應(ying)(ying)通過計(ji)算方法驗證應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)照度(du)是否滿足(zu)規(gui)范性的(de)(de)要求(qiu)和標(biao)準值的(de)(de)需(xu)要。

（1）燈具種類

隨著(zhu)相關消防照(zhao)明法規的健全與(yu)完善，消防應急照(zhao)明燈具的種類(lei)也不(bu)斷增多，性能不(bu)斷提高，技術不(bu)斷發展。按(an)照(zhao)供電形(xing)式劃分，目前常用的消防應急燈具主要(yao)分為(wei)2種：

①自帶電(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。該類(lei)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)是我國普(pu)諞使用(yong)的消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)之一(yi)，一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)源被切斷(duan)，其自帶的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可供電(dian)(dian)并且每一(yi)個燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內部(bu)還配有電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器件，可以起到(dao)變壓、充電(dian)(dian)、穩壓以及蓄電(dian)(dian)的作用(yong)。當消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)進行檢(jian)修時(shi)，可以去掉電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，方便下次正常使用(yong)。自帶電(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)優勢明顯，供電(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)高，轉換(huan)速度快，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞對燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)影響相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)小等；其缺點在(zai)于投資大，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量大小的限制，具(ju)(ju)的照(zhao)(zhao)明時(shi)間比較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)，運行管理(li)和維護要求較(jiao)(jiao)高等。通常情況下，在(zai)建(jian)筑層(ceng)次校對或規模較(jiao)(jiao)小的建(jian)筑物樓梯(ti)間，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)較(jiao)(jiao)少，因此宜(yi)采用(yong)自帶電(dian)(dian)源型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。

②集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)型應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)。在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)大型建(jian)筑工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)比較(jiao)受人(ren)們(men)的青睞，主要(yao)原因在(zai)于(yu)這(zhe)種消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)內沒有獨立的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，當正常照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)被切斷時，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統。這(zhe)種形式(shi)的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明系(xi)(xi)統省略了燈(deng)具(ju)內部部分復(fu)雜(za)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，并且可以在(zai)專(zhuan)用(yong)房間內設置集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統，一旦發生事故(gu)，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統就(jiu)會自(zi)(zi)動投(tou)切。與(yu)自(zi)(zi)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)相(xiang)對比，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)方(fang)便集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)管理，用(yong)戶可以自(zi)(zi)行查(cha)(cha)看用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況。此外，該種消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)還具(ju)有進行消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)監督檢查(cha)(cha)以及延(yan)長(chang)燈(deng)具(ju)使用(yong)壽(shou)命等優(you)勢，方(fang)便維護和管理。但是此種燈(deng)具(ju)也(ye)存在(zai)一定缺(que)陷，一旦消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)，就(jiu)會對正常的照(zhao)(zhao)明造成(cheng)影響。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)應該(gai)滿足其(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)場所(suo)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水以及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)要求(qiu)。通常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，一(yi)般(ban)民用建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)選擇(ze)(ze)要求(qiu)較(jiao)少(shao)，沒有(you)規定(ding)特(te)殊要求(qiu)。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)則不同，其(qi)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)需(xu)要按照(zhao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)環境要求(qiu)進行。環境比較(jiao)潮濕時，需(xu)要選擇(ze)(ze)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水等級較(jiao)高(gao)或(huo)(huo)帶水燈(deng)(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)開敞性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；在某些腐蝕性(xing)氣體(ti)相對較(jiao)強的(de)(de)場所(suo)，應選擇(ze)(ze)抗腐蝕密閉型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)如果工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)在地(di)(di)的(de)(de)塵(chen)埃相對較(jiao)多，應該(gai)選擇(ze)(ze)帶有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)裝(zhuang)置，且防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護等級適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；若是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)場所(suo)臨近易(yi)燃易(yi)爆或(huo)(huo)者易(yi)發生火災的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，需(xu)要按照(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明和疏(shu)散指示系統》等國家規定(ding)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)選擇(ze)(ze)相關的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。通常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)普通建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)轉(zhuan)彎平臺(tai)上都應該(gai)布置消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)或(huo)(huo)是(shi)人(ren)員疏(shu)散的(de)(de)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)高(gao)度限制，一(yi)般(ban)可以將安(an)裝(zhuang)高(gao)度控制在距離地(di)(di)面高(gao)度2m左(zuo)右，除(chu)此之外疏(shu)散指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)高(gao)度般(ban)控制在距離地(di)(di)面0.4 m左(zuo)右。

綜上所述，選擇消防應急照明燈具(ju)，充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮建筑物功能、性質等方面(mian)的因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系統(tong)需要具備獨(du)立(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。獨(du)立(li)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)該和常(chang)(chang)規(gui)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分離開(kai)，比較常(chang)(chang)見的(de)獨(du)立(li)于饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等形式。因此常(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)主要有3種：一是(shi)(shi)以(yi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)作為(wei)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，二是(shi)(shi)以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，三(san)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)自帶自動轉換裝(zhuang)置的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈作為(wei)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

以發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)消(xiao)防應急照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)，需(xu)要在配變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站周圍(wei)設計一段低(di)(di)壓應急母線(xian)，然后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)斷路器將低(di)(di)壓應急母線(xian)和變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的低(di)(di)壓母線(xian)進行(xing)連接，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)從變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)發生故(gu)障的情況下，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會自行(xing)啟(qi)動。應急母線(xian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會和正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)斷開，并采用(yong)(yong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)恢(hui)置(zhi)正常后(hou)，延緩(huan)一段時(shi)間就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會返回到之前的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

以(yi)(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為(wei)消防應急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)可以(yi)(yi)選(xuan)用(yong)燈內自帶的(de)(de)(de)具有自動轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)應急(ji)燈，并根據具體的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況，將常(chang)用(yong)照(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)開關進行分(fen)散，不(bu)(bu)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明(ming)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)剛(gang)無需(xu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)開關，如果(guo)樓梯出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志性(xing)燈需(xu)要裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)開關時(shi)，需(xu)要采取(qu)集中(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)方式，并專門(men)管理。需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在給應急(ji)燈浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要設(she)(she)置(zhi)專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)開關線路。作為(wei)應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)一般比較短，因此供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)持續的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)也是(shi)比較短的(de)(de)(de)。相反，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相對(dui)較長，它的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)過程也需(xu)要較長的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。所以(yi)(yi)，在整(zheng)個照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)需(xu)要將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行組臺(tai)，然后設(she)(she)置(zhi)自動轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路出(chu)現故障的(de)(de)(de)情況下，可以(yi)(yi)直接轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點亮應急(ji)燈，幫助人(ren)們繼續正常(chang)工(gong)作或(huo)是(shi)進行應急(ji)疏散，如果(guo)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)瞬(shun)時(shi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)較長的(de)(de)(de)情況下就可以(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)到發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如(ru)果采用自動(dong)轉換裝置的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池應急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈，可以(yi)從常(chang)規照明(ming)箱(xiang)引出單獨回路的應急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源，也可以(yi)直接從應急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源上引出，如(ru)果回路出現斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)時(shi)由電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)的應急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈就會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯(ti)間(jian)消防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)設(she)計需要(yao)注意照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配電線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)問題，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)應(ying)該(gai)使(shi)用防火(huo)電纜和耐熱導線(xian)(xian)(xian)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)是從發電機到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配電母線(xian)(xian)(xian)，從母線(xian)(xian)(xian)到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈以及由集中(zhong)裝(zhuang)蓄電池到直急(ji)(ji)燈的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)。通常情(qing)況下應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配電線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)需要(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)短路(lu)(lu)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。在線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，需要(yao)將應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)和正常照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)(fen)管進(jin)行敷(fu)(fu)設(she)，兩者之間(jian)不需要(yao)共用中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)。應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)劃分(fen)(fen)需要(yao)按照(zhao)防火(huo)區(qu)進(jin)行劃分(fen)(fen)，不同防火(huo)區(qu)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)之間(jian)不能出現跨(kua)越(yue)。

（3）供電方式

合適的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)環(huan)(huan)節，該環(huan)(huan)節的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)過程中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)綜合考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)建筑物的(de)(de)種類、用(yong)(yong)途，建筑物符合的(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)。此(ci)外，消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)持續時(shi)間(jian)以及應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)特點都(dou)是供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)重點考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)因(yin)素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多，因(yin)此(ci)可(ke)以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)或者是全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具，可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接引到(dao)照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)回路進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進行(xing)施工(gong)或者是設計(ji)(ji)過程時(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)回路進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普通照(zhao)明(ming)回路的(de)(de)連接，避免出現消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具發生火災的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。

合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要環(huan)節(jie)，該環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中需(xu)(xu)要綜合(he)考慮到建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類、用途，建筑物符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)。此(ci)外，消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)持續時(shi)間(jian)以及應急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點都是(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中需(xu)(xu)要重點考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源類別眾多，因此(ci)可(ke)以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源作為應急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。對于獨立控制又(you)自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)，可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源直(zhi)接引(yin)到照明(ming)(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用專(zhuan)用回(hui)路進(jin)行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)行(xing)施工或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)要由供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用回(hui)路進(jin)行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁(jin)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和(he)普通照明(ming)(ming)回(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接，避免出現消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)發生(sheng)火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。

消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)，是消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)最為普(pu)遍的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明工具(ju)，應急(ji)時(shi)間長，具(ju)有斷電(dian)(dian)自動應急(ji)功能(neng)。消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)有耗電(dian)(dian)小、亮度高(gao)，使用壽(shou)命(ming)長等(deng)特點，邊(bian)上有電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)和指顯燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)，適(shi)合工廠、酒店、學校、單(dan)位等(deng)公共場(chang)所(suo)以(yi)備停電(dian)(dian)怍應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明之用。其中(zhong)(zhong)，樓梯(ti)間作為建(jian)筑(zhu)內人員疏(shu)散的(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)通道以(yi)及人員流動的(de)(de)(de)重要場(chang)所(suo)，需要加強封消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明設計(ji)及效果的(de)(de)(de)重視，對于有強制性(xing)要求的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明，僅(jin)憑(ping)設計(ji)人員的(de)(de)(de)感覺進行(xing)設計(ji)，很容(rong)易出現(xian)設計(ji)不(bu)合格(ge)或者是設計(ji)違反(fan)建(jian)筑(zhu)規定的(de)(de)(de)問題。因(yin)此(ci)在消(xiao)防(fang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明應急(ji)設計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)需要綜合考慮多(duo)方面因(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，本著既方便實用又(you)環保(bao)節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)要求，按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體布局進行(xing)設計(ji)，不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)滿足消(xiao)防(fang)要求的(de)(de)(de)原則，同時(shi)還能(neng)夠(gou)符臺合理的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)理念。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各(ge)單位應(ying)在(zai)各(ge)疏散(san)走道(dao)、出口及樓梯間設置事故應(ying)急(ji)照明燈。

2、事故照明燈宜(yi)(yi)設(she)在墻(qiang)面(mian)或頂棚(peng)上。疏散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)放(fang)在太平門的(de)頂部或疏散(san)走(zou)道及其轉角處距地(di)面(mian)高度(du)一(yi)米以下的(de)墻(qiang)面(mian)上，走(zou)道上的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距不宜(yi)(yi)大于(yu)20m。事故照明燈和(he)疏散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，應設(she)玻(bo)璃(li)或其他非燃(ran)燒(shao)材料制作(zuo)的(de)保護罩(zhao)。

3、事故照(zhao)明燈宜設在墻面或頂(ding)棚上(shang)。疏(shu)(shu)散指示標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)宜放在太平門的(de)頂(ding)部或疏(shu)(shu)散走道及(ji)其轉角處距地面高(gao)度(du)一米(mi)以下的(de)墻面上(shang)，走道上(shang)的(de)指示標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)間距不(bu)宜大于20m。事故照(zhao)明燈和(he)疏(shu)(shu)散指示標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，應設玻璃(li)或其他非燃燒(shao)材料制作的(de)保護罩(zhao)。

4、消防(fang)應(ying)急照明燈具和燈光疏(shu)散指示標志的備用電(dian)源的連續供電(dian)時(shi)間不應(ying)少于30min。