樓梯間應急照明分類

應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)指(zhi)因正(zheng)常照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)失效而啟動的照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)必(bi)須采(cai)用能瞬(shun)時可(ke)靠點燃的照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)光源，一般采(cai)用白熾燈和(he)鹵(lu)鎢燈。 應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)包括備用照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)、安全(quan)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)和(he)疏散照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)。

1、備用照明。指(zhi)用于確保正常(chang)活動繼續進行(xing)的(de)照明。應(ying)急照明主要設置在由于工作中(zhong)斷或(huo)誤操(cao)作容易(yi)引起爆炸、火災和人身傷(shang)亡(wang)或(huo)造(zao)成嚴重后果和經濟損失的(de)場所，如(ru)醫院的(de)手術室和急救室、商(shang)場、體育館(guan)、劇(ju)院等、變配(pei)電室、消(xiao)防控制(zhi)中(zhong)心等。

2、安全(quan)照明(ming)。指用于確(que)保(bao)處于潛在危(wei)險之中的(de)人員(yuan)安全(quan)的(de)照明(ming)。

3 、疏散照明。指用于確(que)保疏散通道被(bei)有效地(di)辨認和使用的(de)(de)照明。疏散照明主要設置在一旦(dan)正常(chang)照明熄滅(mie)或發生(sheng)火(huo)災，將(jiang)引起混亂(luan)的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)密集的(de)(de)場所，如賓館、影劇院、展覽館、大型百貨商場、體育館、高層建筑的(de)(de)疏散通道等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓梯(ti)間作(zuo)為建筑物內(nei)部的(de)(de)核(he)心組成部分，不僅是人流相對(dui)集(ji)中(zhong)、最(zui)易發(fa)生意外的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)而且還(huan)承擔應(ying)急(ji)疏散的(de)(de)重要任務(wu)。在發(fa)生火災或者是突然斷電等情況時，樓梯(ti)間的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明將發(fa)揮重要作(zuo)用(yong)因此應(ying)高度(du)重視樓梯(ti)間的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明設(she)計。GB 50016-2014《建筑設(she)計防(fang)(fang)火規(gui)范(fan)》中(zhong)規(gui)定在封閉式或防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)式的(de)(de)樓梯(ti)間都應(ying)設(she)置消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具，并且對(dui)樓梯(ti)間內(nei)的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)疏散照(zhao)度(du)也有強制性(xing)要求(qiu)(qiu)(一(yi)般(ban)要求(qiu)(qiu)地(di)面的(de)(de)最(zui)低(di)水平照(zhao)度(du)應(ying)該高于5.0 lx)。此外，消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明設(she)計過程中(zhong)需要合理選擇應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明系統供電控(kong)制方(fang)式，井應(ying)通過計算方(fang)法驗(yan)證應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明的(de)(de)照(zhao)度(du)是否滿足規(gui)范(fan)性(xing)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)和標(biao)準值的(de)(de)需要。

（1）燈具種類

隨(sui)著(zhu)相關(guan)消防(fang)照明法(fa)規的健全與完善，消防(fang)應(ying)急照明燈具的種類也不斷(duan)增多(duo)，性(xing)能不斷(duan)提高，技(ji)術不斷(duan)發展。按照供電形式劃(hua)分，目前常用的消防(fang)應(ying)急燈具主要分為2種：

①自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。該類燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是我國普諞使用(yong)(yong)的(de)消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)之一，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被切斷，其自帶(dai)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池即(ji)可供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并且每(mei)一個燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)內部(bu)還配(pei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件，可以(yi)(yi)起(qi)到變(bian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、穩壓以(yi)(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。當消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)進行(xing)檢修時，可以(yi)(yi)去(qu)掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，方便下次(ci)正常使用(yong)(yong)。自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)優勢明(ming)顯，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性高(gao)，轉換速度快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損壞對(dui)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)影響相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)等(deng)；其缺點在于投資大(da)，受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)限制，具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)時間(jian)比較(jiao)短，運行(xing)管理和維護要求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)等(deng)。通常情(qing)況下，在建(jian)筑(zhu)層(ceng)次(ci)校對(dui)或規模(mo)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物樓(lou)梯間(jian)，消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)較(jiao)少(shao)，因此宜采用(yong)(yong)自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。

②集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電型(xing)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。在(zai)某些大(da)型(xing)建(jian)筑工程中(zhong)，集(ji)中(zhong)電源供(gong)(gong)電型(xing)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)比(bi)較受人們的青(qing)睞(lai)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因在(zai)于(yu)這種消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內(nei)沒有獨立的電源，當正常照明(ming)電源被切斷時，供(gong)(gong)電來源主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)于(yu)供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)。這種形式的應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)省(sheng)略了燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內(nei)部部分復雜的電子電路，并且(qie)可以在(zai)專用房間內(nei)設置集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)，一(yi)旦發生(sheng)事故，集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)就會(hui)自(zi)動投切。與自(zi)帶蓄電池(chi)的消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)相對比(bi)，集(ji)中(zhong)電源控制型(xing)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)方便(bian)集(ji)中(zhong)管(guan)理，用戶可以自(zi)行查(cha)(cha)看用電情(qing)況。此外，該種消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)還具(ju)(ju)有進行消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)監督檢查(cha)(cha)以及延長(chang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)使用壽命等(deng)優勢，方便(bian)維護和管(guan)理。但(dan)是(shi)此種燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)也存在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)缺陷，一(yi)旦消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)電源出現(xian)故障(zhang)，就會(hui)對正常的照明(ming)造成影響。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該滿足(zu)其(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)場所的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)要(yao)求(qiu)。通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia)，一般民用建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑樓(lou)梯(ti)間消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)選擇(ze)要(yao)求(qiu)較少(shao)，沒有規定(ding)特殊要(yao)求(qiu)。工業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑則(ze)不同，其(qi)樓(lou)梯(ti)間的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)需(xu)要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)工業(ye)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)進行。環(huan)境(jing)(jing)比較潮濕時，需(xu)要(yao)選擇(ze)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)等級較高或帶(dai)水(shui)(shui)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)開敞性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)；在(zai)(zai)某些(xie)腐蝕(shi)性氣體相對較強的(de)(de)場所，應(ying)(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)抗腐蝕(shi)密閉型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)如果工業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑所在(zai)(zai)地的(de)(de)塵(chen)埃相對較多(duo)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該選擇(ze)帶(dai)有防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)裝(zhuang)置，且防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護等級適宜的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)；若是建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑場所臨(lin)近易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆或者易(yi)(yi)發生火災的(de)(de)地方，需(xu)要(yao)按照(zhao)(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明和疏(shu)散指(zhi)示系統》等國(guo)家規定(ding)的(de)(de)標準選擇(ze)相關的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia)普通(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)間轉彎平臺上都應(ying)(ying)(ying)該布置消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)或是人員疏(shu)散的(de)(de)指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)高度限制(zhi)，一般可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)安(an)裝(zhuang)高度控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)距離地面高度2m左右，除此之外疏(shu)散指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)高度般控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)距離地面0.4 m左右。

綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu)，選(xuan)擇消防(fang)應急照(zhao)明(ming)燈具，充(chong)分考慮建筑(zhu)物(wu)功能(neng)、性(xing)質等方(fang)面的(de)因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明系統需要(yao)具備獨立的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。獨立照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)該和常規照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分離開，比較常見的(de)獨立于饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等形(xing)式。因此(ci)常用的(de)消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要(yao)有(you)3種(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)以(yi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組作為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，二是(shi)以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，三是(shi)以(yi)自帶自動轉換(huan)裝置的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈作為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

以發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組作為消防應(ying)急(ji)照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)，需要在(zai)配變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站周(zhou)圍設計一(yi)段(duan)低壓(ya)應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)，然后使用(yong)斷路器將(jiang)低壓(ya)應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)和變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的低壓(ya)母(mu)線(xian)進行(xing)連(lian)接，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)從變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)源發生故障的情況下(xia)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就會(hui)自(zi)行(xing)啟動(dong)。應(ying)急(ji)母(mu)線(xian)就會(hui)和正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)源斷開，并采用(yong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源恢置正常后，延緩一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間就會(hui)返回到(dao)之(zhi)前的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。

以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池作為(wei)消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)照明電(dian)(dian)源時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)選用燈(deng)內自帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有(you)自動轉(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應急(ji)燈(deng)，并根據(ju)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情況，將(jiang)常用照明裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝設(she)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)進(jin)行分(fen)散(san)，不常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照明裝置(zhi)剛無(wu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)裝設(she)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，如(ru)果樓梯(ti)出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性(xing)燈(deng)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)裝設(she)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)采取集中裝設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，并專門管理(li)。需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，在給應急(ji)燈(deng)浮充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專用電(dian)(dian)源線中，不需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)設(she)置(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)線路(lu)。作為(wei)應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池所(suo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)一般比較短，因此供電(dian)(dian)過程中持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)也是比較短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。相反，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)相對較長，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過程也需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。所(suo)以(yi)，在整個(ge)照明設(she)計中需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池和(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)進(jin)行組臺，然后設(she)置(zhi)自動轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)出(chu)現故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，可(ke)以(yi)直接轉(zhuan)換(huan)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)，點亮應急(ji)燈(deng)，幫助(zhu)人們繼續正常工作或是進(jin)行應急(ji)疏(shu)散(san)，如(ru)果不是瞬時(shi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)，時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下就可(ke)以(yi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)到(dao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)。

如(ru)果采(cai)用自動轉換裝置的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈，可以(yi)從常(chang)規照(zhao)明箱(xiang)引出單獨回路的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源，也可以(yi)直接從應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源上引出，如(ru)果回路出現斷電(dian)(dian)情況時(shi)由電(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈就會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯間消防應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)的設(she)計需要(yao)注意照(zhao)明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)問題，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中應(ying)(ying)該使用防火(huo)電(dian)(dian)纜和耐熱導線(xian)(xian)，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)是從(cong)發電(dian)(dian)機到(dao)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)母線(xian)(xian)，從(cong)母線(xian)(xian)到(dao)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)以及由集(ji)中裝(zhuang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池到(dao)直急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)。通常(chang)情況下應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)需要(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)短路(lu)(lu)保護裝(zhuang)置。在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)敷(fu)設(she)過程中，需要(yao)將應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)和正常(chang)照(zhao)明(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)(fen)管進行(xing)敷(fu)設(she)，兩者之間不(bu)需要(yao)共用中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)。應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)分(fen)(fen)支線(xian)(xian)的劃分(fen)(fen)需要(yao)按照(zhao)防火(huo)區進行(xing)劃分(fen)(fen)，不(bu)同防火(huo)區的分(fen)(fen)支線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)之間不(bu)能出現跨越。

（3）供電方式

合(he)適的(de)(de)應(ying)急照明(ming)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)中的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)環(huan)節(jie)，該環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中需要(yao)(yao)綜合(he)考慮(lv)(lv)到建筑物(wu)的(de)(de)種類(lei)、用(yong)(yong)途，建筑物(wu)符合(he)的(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換(huan)時(shi)間等。此(ci)外，消(xiao)防應(ying)急照明(ming)的(de)(de)持續時(shi)間以(yi)及應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)特點(dian)都是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)中需要(yao)(yao)重點(dian)考慮(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)因素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類(lei)別眾(zhong)多，因此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者是(shi)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)應(ying)急供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立(li)控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)，可(ke)以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接引到照明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上(shang)，采用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)回(hui)路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)進(jin)行施工或者是(shi)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)時(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)回(hui)路(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和普通照明(ming)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)連(lian)接，避免出現(xian)消(xiao)防應(ying)急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)發生火(huo)災的(de)(de)情況。

合(he)適的應(ying)急(ji)照明供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中的主要環(huan)(huan)節，該環(huan)(huan)節的設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中需要綜合(he)考慮到建筑物(wu)的種類、用(yong)途，建筑物(wu)符合(he)的等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的轉(zhuan)換時間等。此外，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明的持續時間以及應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的特點都是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中需要重點考慮的因素。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類別(bie)眾多(duo)，因此可以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作為應(ying)急(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。對(dui)于(yu)獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具，可以將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直接引到照明配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)回(hui)路進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)進(jin)行施工或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程時，需要由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的專(zhuan)用(yong)回(hui)路進(jin)行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普通(tong)照明回(hui)路的連接，避免出現消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具發生(sheng)火災的情(qing)況。

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)，是消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)中(zhong)最為普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)時(shi)間(jian)長，具(ju)(ju)有(you)斷電自動(dong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)功能(neng)(neng)。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)有(you)耗(hao)電小、亮(liang)度(du)高，使用壽命長等(deng)特點，邊上(shang)有(you)電源開(kai)關(guan)和指顯(xian)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，適合工(gong)廠、酒店、學(xue)校、單位等(deng)公共場所(suo)以備停(ting)電怍應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)之用。其中(zhong)，樓梯間(jian)作(zuo)為建(jian)筑內人(ren)員疏散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命通道以及(ji)人(ren)員流動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)場所(suo)，需要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強封消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)及(ji)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，對于有(you)強制性要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，僅(jin)憑設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺進(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，很容易出(chu)現設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)不(bu)合格或(huo)者是設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)違反建(jian)筑規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。因此在消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)綜合考慮多方(fang)面因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，本著(zhu)既(ji)方(fang)便實用又環保節能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照(zhao)(zhao)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體布局進(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)夠滿足消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，同(tong)時(shi)還能(neng)(neng)夠符臺合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)理(li)念(nian)。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各(ge)單(dan)位應在(zai)各(ge)疏散走道、出(chu)口及(ji)樓梯間設置事(shi)故應急(ji)照(zhao)明燈。

2、事故照明燈宜(yi)設在墻面(mian)或頂棚上(shang)。疏(shu)散(san)指示標志宜(yi)放在太平(ping)門的(de)頂部或疏(shu)散(san)走道(dao)及其轉(zhuan)角處距(ju)地面(mian)高度一(yi)米(mi)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)墻面(mian)上(shang)，走道(dao)上(shang)的(de)指示標志間(jian)距(ju)不(bu)宜(yi)大于20m。事故照明燈和疏(shu)散(san)指示標志，應設玻璃或其他(ta)非燃燒材料制作的(de)保護罩。

3、事故照明燈宜設(she)在墻(qiang)面或(huo)(huo)頂(ding)棚上(shang)(shang)。疏散(san)指(zhi)示標志宜放在太(tai)平(ping)門的(de)頂(ding)部或(huo)(huo)疏散(san)走道(dao)及其轉角(jiao)處距地面高(gao)度一米以下的(de)墻(qiang)面上(shang)(shang)，走道(dao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)指(zhi)示標志間距不宜大于20m。事故照明燈和疏散(san)指(zhi)示標志，應設(she)玻璃或(huo)(huo)其他非燃燒材料制作的(de)保護罩。

4、消防應(ying)急照明燈(deng)具和燈(deng)光(guang)疏(shu)散指(zhi)示標志的備用電(dian)源的連續(xu)供電(dian)時間不應(ying)少(shao)于30min。