一、鳥籠怎么選
鳥籠是觀賞鳥進行活動與棲息的主要環境,因此需要對鳥籠的形狀、結構與工藝有所要求,使之既適合鳥的活動,又細致美觀。鳥籠可選用竹、木(mu)或金屬絲之類的材料制作,形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀有長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、扁形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)、房式、腰鼓形(xing)(xing)(xing)等。
我國的(de)(de)鳥籠(long)素以(yi)選(xuan)材考究,做工精細,既適用又美觀而聞名于世。為(wei)適應不同鳥的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)習(xi)性,觀賞籠(long)按鳥的(de)(de)種類(lei)大(da)致分為(wei)食谷類(lei)和(he)食蟲(chong)類(lei)兩類(lei)鳥籠(long)。食谷類(lei)鳥籠(long)有(you)(you)金絲雀(que)籠(long)、黃(huang)雀(que)籠(long)、文(wen)鳥籠(long)、百靈籠(long)、繡眼籠(long)等,食蟲(chong)類(lei)鳥籠(long)有(you)(you)畫眉籠(long)、點(dian)頦籠(long)、八(ba)哥籠(long)等。此外,還(huan)有(you)(you)適合飼養(yang)鸚(ying)(ying)鵡的(de)(de)虎皮鸚(ying)(ying)鵡籠(long)和(he)各種棲(qi)架等。
選擇鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)時,籠(long)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)小和形(xing)(xing)狀應與所飼(si)養(yang)鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)種類和大(da)(da)(da)小相適(shi)應,即以適(shi)于所飼(si)養(yang)鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)生活和方便管理為原則。一般體形(xing)(xing)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)鳥(niao)(niao)選用高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)但(dan)條(tiao)較密的(de)籠(long),以免損(sun)壞尾羽。百靈等(deng)雖然體形(xing)(xing)較小,但(dan)有(you)高(gao)(gao)飛鳴唱的(de)習性,最好用特制(zhi)的(de)高(gao)(gao)籠(long)。一般小鳥(niao)(niao)用條(tiao)較密的(de)小籠(long)即可。鸚鵡、交嘴雀(que)等(deng)體型較大(da)(da)(da),嘴型特殊的(de)硬食(shi)鳥(niao)(niao)兒,要用金(jin)屬籠(long)或鳥(niao)(niao)架飼(si)養(yang)。
二、各種鳥籠的規格尺寸
1、金絲雀籠
又稱芙蓉籠(long)、玉鳥(niao)籠(long),適合(he)(he)飼養金(jin)(jin)絲雀(que)、白色文(wen)鳥(niao)、灰文(wen)鳥(niao)、淡(dan)頭(tou)文(wen)鳥(niao)、北朱雀(que)、金(jin)(jin)山珍珠鳥(niao)、相思(si)鳥(niao)、三道(dao)眉草(cao)鹀(wu)等(deng)小型的食谷鳥(niao)。可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍鎳合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)或竹子制作,為(wei)精制的圓形(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)或長方(fang)形(xing)(繁殖(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)籠(long))鳥(niao)籠(long)。籠(long)頂有(you)平頂和圓頂兩種,籠(long)底封閉有(you)底圈。圓形(xing)籠(long)高約 33厘(li)米(mi),直徑20厘(li)米(mi);方(fang)形(xing)籠(long)長24.7厘(li)米(mi),寬24.7厘(li)米(mi),高33.7厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)條(tiao)的間距為(wei)1厘(li)米(mi),條(tiao)粗0.2厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)底不用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹條(tiao),以(yi)(yi)塑料板做成,底板可活動(dong),便于拉出來洗刷(shua)。籠(long)內放(fang)2根棲木(mu),并(bing)放(fang)一個食罐與(yu)飲水罐,籠(long)頂心有(you)板,以(yi)(yi)改變鳥(niao)仰頭(tou)望天的習(xi)性。
2、黃雀籠
適合(he)黃雀(que)(que)(que)、大山(shan)雀(que)(que)(que)、金翅、朱(zhu)雀(que)(que)(que)、朱(zhu)頂(ding)雀(que)(que)(que),以及各種鹀、文鳥等小(xiao)型食谷(gu)鳥類。一(yi)般為(wei)竹制的(de)(de)平(ping)頂(ding)小(xiao)方(fang)籠(long)或小(xiao)圓籠(long)。高度為(wei)20~22厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。籠(long)條的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)為(wei)1.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),條粗(cu)0.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。如(ru)果飼養(yang)沼澤山(shan)雀(que)(que)(que)、煤(mei)山(shan)雀(que)(que)(que)、黃腹山(shan)雀(que)(que)(que)、棕頭鴉(ya)雀(que)(que)(que)等,則籠(long)條的(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)為(wei)1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),也(ye)稱為(wei)山(shan)雀(que)(que)(que)籠(long)。籠(long)底(di)為(wei)木板或塑(su)料(liao)而有(you)底(di)圈的(de)(de)封閉底(di)(俗稱死底(di))。底(di)圈高3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),不(bu)鋪(pu)沙而用布(bu)墊。距(ju)(ju)籠(long)底(di)5~6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處放兩根棲木,在棲木兩端各放2個精制而小(xiao)巧的(de)(de)食罐與水罐。
3、繡眼鳥籠
是(shi)體(ti)積(ji)最小的(de)一(yi)種鳥籠,適合(he)飼養繡眼鳥、沼澤山雀、煤山雀、黃(huang)腹山雀、棕(zong)頭鴉(ya)雀、燕(yan)雀、戴(dai)菊和柳鶯等小型鳥類(lei)。多為小方籠,亮底,無底圈,糞托為籠底插(cha)板(ban)。籠子長、寬各為17厘米見(jian)方,籠高24厘米,籠頂為拱(gong)形,有的(de)用竹片封住。條間(jian)距(ju)為1厘米,條粗為0.2厘米。上下各設(she)一(yi)個棲杠(gang),食、水罐各一(yi)個,另設(she)一(yi)個軟(ruan)食罐。籠架的(de)結合(he)處不用榫相接(jie),而用牛筋或蠟線穿扎(zha)。
4、百靈籠
適(shi)合飼養(yang)百(bai)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、鳳頭(tou)(tou)百(bai)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、沙(sha)(sha)百(bai)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)與云雀等鳥類(lei)。形(xing)狀為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)形(xing),籠(long)(long)頂有(you)拱頂與圓(yuan)頂之分(fen)。籠(long)(long)的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三種規格,大(da)型(xing)籠(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)(gao)55-160厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑(jing)50-60厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)攜帶方(fang)便,也可制成高(gao)(gao)(gao)低可以(yi)(yi)升降2~3節的(de)(de)“拉籠(long)(long)”,攜帶時降低,懸(xuan)(xuan)掛時升起。中(zhong)型(xing)籠(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)(gao)40-50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑(jing)45厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)籠(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)(gao)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑(jing)30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。條間距(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.2~1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),條粗0.2~0.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)籠(long)(long)又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)五圈(quan)和小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五圈(quan)兩(liang)種,大(da)五圈(quan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)28厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑(jing)34~36厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五圈(quan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑(jing)30~32厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)頂中(zhong)央(yang)部分(fen)(俗稱天井或頂蓋)以(yi)(yi)銅板(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好,美觀大(da)方(fang)。籠(long)(long)底(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三合板(ban)封(feng)閉,并圍以(yi)(yi)底(di)圈(quan),內鋪細沙(sha)(sha)土,供鳥沙(sha)(sha)浴和食用,尚能(neng)保護它們的(de)(de)趾(zhi)爪。底(di)板(ban)圍以(yi)(yi)底(di)圈(quan),以(yi)(yi)防砂浴的(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)土與食用的(de)(de)砂粒被鳥劃(hua)出籠(long)(long)外。百(bai)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地棲(qi)鳥,所以(yi)(yi)籠(long)(long)內不放棲(qi)木,僅(jin)在(zai)籠(long)(long)底(di)正中(zhong)放一(yi)(yi)個蘑菇形(xing)臺(tai),又叫鳳凰臺(tai),供鳥歌(ge)舞鳴唱。臺(tai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)15~20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)直(zhi)徑(jing)4~7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)面(mian)應粗糙一(yi)(yi)些。籠(long)(long)邊(bian)近底(di)部作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)個圓(yuan)孔,孔的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)要適(shi)于(yu)(yu)鳥的(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)部伸(shen)出,在(zai)籠(long)(long)外的(de)(de)孔下面(mian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)水(shui)罐(guan),能(neng)讓鳥的(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)自(zi)由伸(shen)出洞(dong)外飲(yin)水(shui)。飲(yin)水(shui)罐(guan)固定懸(xuan)(xuan)掛于(yu)(yu)洞(dong)外籠(long)(long)壁上(shang),一(yi)(yi)則防止水(shui)潑在(zai)沙(sha)(sha)子上(shang),二則可防止鳥糞污染水(shui)罐(guan)。食罐(guan)則掛在(zai)籠(long)(long)內。
沙(sha)子(zi)最好(hao)用河沙(sha)為(wei)好(hao),因沙(sha)細(xi)而柔軟,且涼性較大,使(shi)鳥(niao)沙(sha)浴時(shi)感到清涼舒適,并可以(yi)擦拭羽毛,使(shi)羽整齊。籠里的沙(sha)子(zi)要常篩濾,并及(ji)時(shi)將鳥(niao)糞和(he)其它雜物清理掉,最好(hao)用水沖洗干(gan)凈。沙(sha)子(zi)用過一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后,應(ying)放(fang)在太陽下面曝(pu)曬消毒。
5、點頦籠
適(shi)合(he)飼養紅(hong)點頦、藍(lan)點頦、紅(hong)尾鴝、白喉磯鶇等半(ban)地(di)棲鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)以及鴝類(lei)(lei)、鹟類(lei)(lei)等食蟲鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)。一般為(wei)竹(zhu)制的扁(bian)圓形籠(long)。籠(long)高約30厘(li)米(mi),籠(long)底直徑20~25厘(li)米(mi),條間距1.5厘(li)米(mi),條粗0.2厘(li)米(mi),籠(long)頂中央封閉部分直徑16厘(li)米(mi)。底為(wei)亮底,鋪布墊或托(tuo)糞板。籠(long)內放置一根棲木,在棲木兩端分別放1個(ge)食罐(guan)和水罐(guan),另設一個(ge)圓柱形軟食罐(guan)。
6、畫眉籠
畫眉籠的(de)式樣很(hen)多,適(shi)合(he)于飼養各(ge)(ge)種體(ti)形(xing)大小與畫眉(mei)相近的(de)雜(za)食鳥(niao),如各(ge)(ge)種鵯類、鶇類、黃鸝、山椒(jiao)鳥(niao)、椋鳥(niao)、太平(ping)鳥(niao)、鵲鴝(qu)等。主要(yao)有(you)(you)板籠(long)(long)(long)(long)和亮籠(long)(long)(long)(long)2種,也有(you)(you)介于二者之(zhi)間的(de)半(ban)板籠(long)(long)(long)(long),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)竹(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)。板籠(long)(long)(long)(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長方(fang)形(xing)或(huo)方(fang)形(xing),又稱方(fang)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)或(huo)槽子,籠(long)(long)(long)(long)小而暗,造型穩重、端莊(zhuang),還(huan)應備有(you)(you)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)罩,既便于攜帶,又便于懸掛,尤是適(shi)合(he)用于生鳥(niao)的(de)馴養。一般長寬高(gao)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24厘米(mi)(mi)×21厘米(mi)(mi)×27厘米(mi)(mi)。正面的(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)有(you)(you)9根(gen)和11根(gen)兩種,側面則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)11根(gen)或(huo)13根(gen),或(huo)者將頂(ding)、背(bei)、左右等部分(fen)均用竹(zhu)(zhu)片封住。由于畫眉(mei)的(de)體(ti)形(xing)較(jiao)大,竹(zhu)(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)過密則會影響(xiang)觀賞(shang)的(de)視線,條(tiao)(tiao)間距以1.7~2.0厘米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內裝一棲(qi)木(mu),其位置(zhi)在(zai)側面的(de)第(di)五根(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)與第(di)六根(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)上。在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)的(de)兩端,置(zhi)放瓷質的(de)食罐一對。一只盛米(mi)(mi),另一只盛水。棲(qi)木(mu)的(de)高(gao)度,約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)高(gao)的(de)三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一處,原(yuan)則上要(yao)求鳥(niao)立在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)上,其頭(tou)碰不(bu)到籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi),但也不(bu)宜(yi)太低,避免鳥(niao)在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)下方(fang)活(huo)動。
7、亮籠
以圓形為主(zhu),式(shi)樣變化(hua)較多,有圓筒形、腰鼓形、六角多邊形和(he)饅頭形等。籠(long)頂中央封閉。籠(long)的(de)(de)(de)直徑和(he)高各為33厘米,條(tiao)間(jian)距2厘米、條(tiao)粗(cu)0.3厘米。底(di)為亮底(di),有糞托(tuo)。籠(long)內(nei)裝有三根棲木(mu)(mu),呈等腰三角形設置,上(shang)一根為主(zhu)要棲架,是一根直徑為2厘米的(de)(de)(de)沙木(mu)(mu)(在棲木(mu)(mu)表面涂(tu)上(shang)一層(ceng)(ceng)漆后,馬(ma)上(shang)撒上(shang)一層(ceng)(ceng)細(xi)沙(金剛沙),待漆干(gan)后,細(xi)沙粘在棲木(mu)(mu)上(shang)而(er)成(cheng)),專(zhuan)供畫(hua)眉嘴與趾爪(zhua)的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)擦。其余兩(liang)根不用沙木(mu)(mu),僅作為畫(hua)眉跳(tiao)上(shang)或(huo)跳(tiao)下(xia)和(he)轉身用,是輔(fu)助的(de)(de)(de)棲木(mu)(mu),兩(liang)者(zhe)相對,并在同一高度。棲木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)細(xi),以畫(hua)眉爪(zhua)能握(wo)住(zhu)棲木(mu)(mu)外圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)分之一為宜(yi)。
8、八哥籠
又稱鷯哥籠,適合(he)飼養八哥、鷯哥、椋鳥(niao)、杜鵑、松鴉、藍翡翠、紅(hong)嘴藍鵲,以(yi)及鹛類、鶇類、伯勞類中(zhong)體(ti)形較大的(de)(de)種(zhong)類。籠比較高大,為(wei)(wei)大型竹(zhu)制或以(yi)14號鉛絲(si)制成的(de)(de)圓筒狀,高45~48厘(li)米,直徑(jing)36~38厘(li)米,條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)間距為(wei)(wei)2厘(li)米,條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)粗0.3-0.4厘(li)米。由于雜(za)食性鳥(niao)類的(de)(de)食量大,排便多(duo),故(gu)應為(wei)(wei)亮底(di),籠底(di)部竹(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)向上凸起,并(bing)設有承接糞(fen)便的(de)(de)托盤或底(di)板,底(di)板距底(di)部竹(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)約(yue)5厘(li)米,可以(yi)減少鳥(niao)糞(fen)及殘食污染鳥(niao)體(ti)。籠內(nei)設帶有粘沙的(de)(de)棲木(mu)一根(gen)。大而深(shen)的(de)(de)食罐(guan)、飲水罐(guan)各1個,掛在籠內(nei),另設一個雜(za)食罐(guan),裝沙子(zi)、萊心(xin)等(deng)物。
9、虎皮鸚鵡籠
適合飼養緋胸鸚鵡、牡丹鸚鵡、虎皮鸚鵡等中小(xiao)型(xing)鸚鵡。籠(long)(long)(long)子(zi)(zi)的(de)形(xing)狀可(ke)分方形(xing)的(de)與(yu)圓形(xing)的(de)兩種(zhong),單只飼養時圓形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)較好(hao)。由(you)于鸚鵡的(de)嘴強健有力,喜(xi)歡(huan)啃咬(yao),故不(bu)能用(yong)竹籠(long)(long)(long),必須(xu)用(yong)鐵絲籠(long)(long)(long),底為(wei)(wei)鐵皮封閉,并(bing)有底圈(quan),籠(long)(long)(long)底設有一(yi)個(ge)抽屜(ti)式(shi)的(de)底盤(pan)。籠(long)(long)(long)頂和(he)四邊(bian)均用(yong)12號(hao)鐵絲,大小(xiao)為(wei)(wei)長35厘(li)米、寬(kuan)35厘(li)米、高42厘(li)米。圓形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)直徑為(wei)(wei)36厘(li)米、高42厘(li)米,籠(long)(long)(long)頂及籠(long)(long)(long)邊(bian)也用(yong)12號(hao)鐵絲構成,條間距為(wei)(wei)2厘(li)米。籠(long)(long)(long)內設2~3根棲木,分層(ceng)(ceng)擺放,便于鸚鵡日常(chang)活動(dong)。鐵絲最好(hao)用(yong)油漆刷(shua)1~2次,便于日常(chang)洗(xi)刷(shua),而(er)且能防止銹蝕(shi)。籠(long)(long)(long)內設有食罐(guan)、水(shui)罐(guan)與(yu)雜食罐(guan)各一(yi)個(ge)。籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)底盤(pan)中鋪(pu)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)細沙(sha),既可(ke)被鳥啄食,又可(ke)保護鳥的(de)趾爪。沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)要經常(chang)過篩和(he)晾(liang)曬(shai),以保持(chi)沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)的(de)干凈與(yu)衛(wei)生。