一、鳥籠怎么選
鳥籠是觀賞鳥進行活動與棲息的主要環境,因此需要對鳥籠的形狀、結構與工藝有所要求,使之既適合鳥的活動,又細致美觀。鳥籠可選(xuan)用竹、木或金屬絲之類(lei)的材(cai)料制作,形(xing)(xing)狀有(you)長方形(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)、方形(xing)(xing)、扁形(xing)(xing)、半圓形(xing)(xing)、房式、腰鼓(gu)形(xing)(xing)等。
我國的鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)素以選材考究,做工精細(xi),既適用又美觀(guan)而聞名于世(shi)。為適應不同鳥(niao)(niao)的生活習性,觀(guan)賞籠(long)(long)(long)按鳥(niao)(niao)的種(zhong)(zhong)類大(da)致分(fen)為食(shi)(shi)(shi)谷類和食(shi)(shi)(shi)蟲類兩(liang)類鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)谷類鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)有金(jin)絲(si)雀(que)籠(long)(long)(long)、黃雀(que)籠(long)(long)(long)、文鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)、百靈籠(long)(long)(long)、繡眼(yan)籠(long)(long)(long)等(deng),食(shi)(shi)(shi)蟲類鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)有畫眉(mei)籠(long)(long)(long)、點頦籠(long)(long)(long)、八哥籠(long)(long)(long)等(deng)。此外,還有適合飼(si)養鸚(ying)鵡(wu)的虎皮鸚(ying)鵡(wu)籠(long)(long)(long)和各種(zhong)(zhong)棲架等(deng)。
選擇鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)時,籠(long)的(de)(de)大(da)小和形狀應與所(suo)飼養鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)種類和大(da)小相適應,即以(yi)(yi)適于所(suo)飼養鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)生活和方便管理為原則。一般體形較大(da)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)選用(yong)高大(da)但(dan)條(tiao)較密的(de)(de)籠(long),以(yi)(yi)免損壞(huai)尾羽。百靈等雖(sui)然體形較小,但(dan)有高飛鳴唱的(de)(de)習性,最好用(yong)特制的(de)(de)高籠(long)。一般小鳥(niao)(niao)用(yong)條(tiao)較密的(de)(de)小籠(long)即可。鸚(ying)鵡、交嘴雀(que)等體型(xing)較大(da),嘴型(xing)特殊的(de)(de)硬食鳥(niao)(niao)兒(er),要用(yong)金屬籠(long)或鳥(niao)(niao)架飼養。
二、各種鳥籠的規格尺寸
1、金絲雀籠
又稱芙蓉籠(long)(long)、玉鳥籠(long)(long),適合(he)飼養金(jin)絲雀(que)、白色文鳥、灰文鳥、淡(dan)頭文鳥、北朱雀(que)、金(jin)山珍珠鳥、相思(si)鳥、三道眉草鹀等(deng)小型的(de)食(shi)谷鳥。可以(yi)(yi)用鍍鎳合(he)金(jin)或(huo)竹子制作,為精制的(de)圓形、方形或(huo)長方形(繁殖用籠(long)(long))鳥籠(long)(long)。籠(long)(long)頂有(you)(you)平頂和(he)圓頂兩(liang)種,籠(long)(long)底封閉(bi)有(you)(you)底圈。圓形籠(long)(long)高(gao)約 33厘(li)米(mi)(mi),直徑20厘(li)米(mi)(mi);方形籠(long)(long)長24.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬24.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi),高(gao)33.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)條的(de)間(jian)距為1厘(li)米(mi)(mi),條粗0.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)底不用竹條,以(yi)(yi)塑料板做成,底板可活動,便于(yu)拉出來(lai)洗刷。籠(long)(long)內放2根(gen)棲木,并放一個食(shi)罐與飲水罐,籠(long)(long)頂心有(you)(you)板,以(yi)(yi)改(gai)變鳥仰頭望天的(de)習(xi)性。
2、黃雀籠
適合黃(huang)雀(que)、大(da)山雀(que)、金(jin)翅(chi)、朱(zhu)雀(que)、朱(zhu)頂(ding)雀(que),以及(ji)各(ge)種鹀、文鳥(niao)等(deng)小型食谷鳥(niao)類(lei)。一般為(wei)竹制的(de)平頂(ding)小方籠(long)(long)(long)或小圓籠(long)(long)(long)。高度(du)為(wei)20~22厘米(mi),直徑30厘米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)條的(de)間距(ju)(ju)為(wei)1.2厘米(mi),條粗0.2厘米(mi)。如果(guo)飼養沼澤山雀(que)、煤山雀(que)、黃(huang)腹山雀(que)、棕頭鴉雀(que)等(deng),則(ze)籠(long)(long)(long)條的(de)間距(ju)(ju)為(wei)1厘米(mi),也稱(cheng)為(wei)山雀(que)籠(long)(long)(long)。籠(long)(long)(long)底(di)(di)為(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板或塑料而(er)有底(di)(di)圈的(de)封閉底(di)(di)(俗(su)稱(cheng)死底(di)(di))。底(di)(di)圈高3厘米(mi),不鋪(pu)沙而(er)用(yong)布(bu)墊(dian)。距(ju)(ju)籠(long)(long)(long)底(di)(di)5~6厘米(mi)處(chu)放兩根棲(qi)木(mu)(mu)(mu),在棲(qi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)兩端各(ge)放2個精制而(er)小巧的(de)食罐與水罐。
3、繡眼鳥籠
是體積最(zui)小(xiao)的(de)一(yi)種鳥(niao)籠(long),適合飼養繡眼鳥(niao)、沼澤山(shan)雀、煤山(shan)雀、黃(huang)腹山(shan)雀、棕頭鴉雀、燕雀、戴菊和柳鶯(ying)等小(xiao)型鳥(niao)類。多(duo)為小(xiao)方(fang)籠(long),亮(liang)底,無底圈,糞托為籠(long)底插板(ban)。籠(long)子長、寬各(ge)為17厘(li)米見方(fang),籠(long)高24厘(li)米,籠(long)頂為拱形,有的(de)用(yong)竹片封住。條(tiao)間(jian)距為1厘(li)米,條(tiao)粗為0.2厘(li)米。上下各(ge)設(she)一(yi)個棲杠,食、水罐各(ge)一(yi)個,另設(she)一(yi)個軟食罐。籠(long)架的(de)結合處不用(yong)榫相接,而(er)用(yong)牛筋或蠟(la)線穿扎。
4、百靈籠
適(shi)合(he)飼(si)養百靈(ling)(ling)、鳳(feng)頭百靈(ling)(ling)、沙(sha)百靈(ling)(ling)與(yu)云(yun)雀等(deng)鳥類。形狀為圓(yuan)形,籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)(ding)有拱頂(ding)(ding)與(yu)圓(yuan)頂(ding)(ding)之(zhi)分(fen)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)大小,分(fen)為三種規格,大型籠(long)(long)(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)55-160厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)50-60厘(li)米(mi)。為了(le)攜帶方便,也可制成高(gao)(gao)低可以(yi)升(sheng)降2~3節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)“拉(la)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)”,攜帶時降低,懸掛時升(sheng)起(qi)。中(zhong)型籠(long)(long)(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)40-50厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)45厘(li)米(mi)。小型籠(long)(long)(long)(long),高(gao)(gao)25厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)30厘(li)米(mi)。條間距為1.2~1.5厘(li)米(mi),條粗(cu)0.2~0.3厘(li)米(mi)。小型籠(long)(long)(long)(long)又分(fen)為大五(wu)(wu)圈(quan)(quan)和小五(wu)(wu)圈(quan)(quan)兩(liang)種,大五(wu)(wu)圈(quan)(quan)高(gao)(gao)28厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)34~36厘(li)米(mi);小五(wu)(wu)圈(quan)(quan)高(gao)(gao)25厘(li)米(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)30~32厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)(ding)中(zhong)央部分(fen)(俗稱(cheng)天(tian)井(jing)或頂(ding)(ding)蓋)以(yi)銅(tong)板(ban)為好,美觀大方。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)底(di)為三合(he)板(ban)封閉,并圍(wei)以(yi)底(di)圈(quan)(quan),內鋪(pu)細沙(sha)土(tu),供鳥沙(sha)浴和食用(yong),尚能保護(hu)它們的(de)(de)(de)趾爪。底(di)板(ban)圍(wei)以(yi)底(di)圈(quan)(quan),以(yi)防砂浴的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)土(tu)與(yu)食用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)砂粒被(bei)鳥劃出(chu)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)外(wai)。百靈(ling)(ling)為地棲鳥,所(suo)以(yi)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內不放(fang)棲木,僅在(zai)(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)底(di)正中(zhong)放(fang)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)蘑菇(gu)形臺,又叫鳳(feng)凰臺,供鳥歌舞鳴唱。臺高(gao)(gao)15~20厘(li)米(mi),臺面(mian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)4~7厘(li)米(mi)。臺面(mian)應粗(cu)糙一(yi)些。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)邊近底(di)部作一(yi)個(ge)(ge)圓(yuan)孔(kong),孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)大小要適(shi)于鳥的(de)(de)(de)頭部伸出(chu),在(zai)(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)下面(mian)設一(yi)水(shui)罐,能讓(rang)鳥的(de)(de)(de)頭自由伸出(chu)洞(dong)外(wai)飲水(shui)。飲水(shui)罐固定懸掛于洞(dong)外(wai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)壁(bi)上,一(yi)則(ze)防止水(shui)潑(po)在(zai)(zai)沙(sha)子(zi)上,二則(ze)可防止鳥糞污染水(shui)罐。食罐則(ze)掛在(zai)(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內。
沙(sha)子最(zui)好用(yong)河沙(sha)為好,因沙(sha)細而(er)柔軟(ruan),且涼(liang)性較大,使鳥沙(sha)浴時(shi)感到清涼(liang)舒適,并(bing)(bing)可以擦拭羽毛,使羽整齊(qi)。籠里(li)的沙(sha)子要(yao)常篩濾,并(bing)(bing)及時(shi)將鳥糞和其它雜物(wu)清理掉,最(zui)好用(yong)水沖洗干(gan)凈。沙(sha)子用(yong)過一段時(shi)間后,應(ying)放(fang)在(zai)太(tai)陽下面曝曬消毒。
5、點頦籠
適(shi)合飼養紅(hong)點頦、藍(lan)點頦、紅(hong)尾鴝(qu)、白喉磯鶇等半(ban)地棲鳥類(lei)以及鴝(qu)類(lei)、鹟(weng)類(lei)等食蟲鳥類(lei)。一般為竹(zhu)制的扁圓形(xing)籠(long)。籠(long)高約30厘米(mi),籠(long)底(di)(di)直徑(jing)20~25厘米(mi),條間距1.5厘米(mi),條粗0.2厘米(mi),籠(long)頂中(zhong)央封閉(bi)部分直徑(jing)16厘米(mi)。底(di)(di)為亮底(di)(di),鋪布墊(dian)或(huo)托(tuo)糞板(ban)。籠(long)內(nei)放置一根棲木,在(zai)棲木兩端分別放1個食罐和水罐,另設一個圓柱(zhu)形(xing)軟食罐。
6、畫眉籠
畫(hua)眉籠的(de)(de)(de)(de)式樣很多,適合(he)(he)于飼養(yang)各種(zhong)體形大小與畫眉(mei)相近的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜食鳥(niao),如(ru)各種(zhong)鵯(bei)類、鶇類、黃鸝、山椒鳥(niao)、椋(liang)鳥(niao)、太平(ping)鳥(niao)、鵲鴝(qu)等。主要有板(ban)籠(long)和(he)亮籠(long)2種(zhong),也有介于二(er)者之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半板(ban)籠(long),均(jun)為(wei)竹制(zhi)。板(ban)籠(long)為(wei)長方(fang)(fang)形或方(fang)(fang)形,又稱方(fang)(fang)籠(long)或槽子,籠(long)小而暗,造型(xing)穩重(zhong)、端莊(zhuang),還應備有籠(long)罩,既便于攜帶,又便于懸(xuan)掛,尤是適合(he)(he)用于生鳥(niao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馴養(yang)。一(yi)(yi)般長寬高分別為(wei)24厘(li)(li)米×21厘(li)(li)米×27厘(li)(li)米。正面的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹條(tiao)有9根和(he)11根兩(liang)種(zhong),側面則為(wei)11根或13根,或者將(jiang)頂、背、左右等部分均(jun)用竹片封住。由于畫眉(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體形較大,竹條(tiao)過密(mi)則會影響觀賞的(de)(de)(de)(de)視線,條(tiao)間(jian)距以1.7~2.0厘(li)(li)米為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。籠(long)內(nei)裝一(yi)(yi)棲(qi)木(mu),其(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)在(zai)側面的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)五根竹條(tiao)與第(di)六根竹條(tiao)上。在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端,置(zhi)放瓷(ci)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)食罐一(yi)(yi)對。一(yi)(yi)只盛米,另一(yi)(yi)只盛水。棲(qi)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度,約為(wei)籠(long)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)處,原則上要求鳥(niao)立(li)在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)上,其(qi)頭碰不(bu)到籠(long)頂為(wei)宜(yi)(yi),但也不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)太低,避免鳥(niao)在(zai)棲(qi)木(mu)下方(fang)(fang)活動。
7、亮籠
以(yi)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)為(wei)主,式樣變化較多(duo),有(you)圓(yuan)筒形(xing)(xing)、腰鼓形(xing)(xing)、六角多(duo)邊形(xing)(xing)和饅(man)頭形(xing)(xing)等(deng)。籠頂(ding)中央封閉。籠的直徑和高各為(wei)33厘(li)米,條間距2厘(li)米、條粗0.3厘(li)米。底為(wei)亮(liang)底,有(you)糞(fen)托。籠內裝有(you)三根(gen)棲木(mu)(mu)(mu),呈(cheng)等(deng)腰三角形(xing)(xing)設置,上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根(gen)為(wei)主要棲架(jia),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根(gen)直徑為(wei)2厘(li)米的沙(sha)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(在棲木(mu)(mu)(mu)表面涂上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層漆后,馬上(shang)撒上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層細(xi)沙(sha)(金剛沙(sha)),待漆干后,細(xi)沙(sha)粘在棲木(mu)(mu)(mu)上(shang)而成),專供畫(hua)眉(mei)嘴與趾(zhi)爪的磨擦。其余兩(liang)根(gen)不用(yong)(yong)沙(sha)木(mu)(mu)(mu),僅作為(wei)畫(hua)眉(mei)跳上(shang)或跳下和轉身用(yong)(yong),是(shi)輔助的棲木(mu)(mu)(mu),兩(liang)者相對,并在同一(yi)(yi)(yi)高度。棲木(mu)(mu)(mu)的粗細(xi),以(yi)畫(hua)眉(mei)爪能握住棲木(mu)(mu)(mu)外圍(wei)的二分之一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)宜。
8、八哥籠
又(you)稱鷯哥籠(long)(long),適合飼養八哥、鷯哥、椋鳥(niao)、杜鵑、松鴉、藍翡翠、紅嘴藍鵲,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)鹛(mei)類、鶇(dong)類、伯(bo)勞類中體形較(jiao)大(da)的種類。籠(long)(long)比較(jiao)高大(da),為(wei)大(da)型(xing)竹(zhu)制或(huo)以(yi)(yi)14號鉛絲(si)制成的圓筒狀,高45~48厘(li)米,直徑(jing)36~38厘(li)米,條間距為(wei)2厘(li)米,條粗0.3-0.4厘(li)米。由于雜食(shi)(shi)性(xing)鳥(niao)類的食(shi)(shi)量大(da),排(pai)便多,故(gu)應為(wei)亮底,籠(long)(long)底部(bu)竹(zhu)條向上(shang)凸(tu)起,并設(she)(she)有承接糞便的托盤或(huo)底板,底板距底部(bu)竹(zhu)條約5厘(li)米,可以(yi)(yi)減少鳥(niao)糞及(ji)殘食(shi)(shi)污(wu)染鳥(niao)體。籠(long)(long)內設(she)(she)帶有粘沙的棲(qi)木(mu)一(yi)根。大(da)而深的食(shi)(shi)罐、飲水罐各1個(ge),掛(gua)在籠(long)(long)內,另設(she)(she)一(yi)個(ge)雜食(shi)(shi)罐,裝沙子(zi)、萊心(xin)等物。
9、虎皮鸚鵡籠
適(shi)合飼養緋胸鸚(ying)鵡(wu)、牡丹鸚(ying)鵡(wu)、虎(hu)皮鸚(ying)鵡(wu)等中小型(xing)鸚(ying)鵡(wu)。籠(long)(long)(long)子的形(xing)狀(zhuang)可分方形(xing)的與圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)的兩種,單只飼養時圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)較好(hao)。由于鸚(ying)鵡(wu)的嘴強(qiang)健有(you)力,喜歡啃咬,故不能用竹籠(long)(long)(long),必須用鐵(tie)絲(si)(si)籠(long)(long)(long),底為鐵(tie)皮封閉(bi),并有(you)底圈,籠(long)(long)(long)底設(she)有(you)一(yi)個抽屜式的底盤。籠(long)(long)(long)頂和(he)四邊均用12號鐵(tie)絲(si)(si),大(da)小為長35厘米(mi)、寬35厘米(mi)、高(gao)42厘米(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)的直(zhi)徑為36厘米(mi)、高(gao)42厘米(mi),籠(long)(long)(long)頂及(ji)籠(long)(long)(long)邊也(ye)用12號鐵(tie)絲(si)(si)構成(cheng),條間距為2厘米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)內設(she)2~3根棲木,分層擺放,便于鸚(ying)鵡(wu)日(ri)常活動。鐵(tie)絲(si)(si)最(zui)好(hao)用油漆刷(shua)1~2次,便于日(ri)常洗刷(shua),而且能防止銹蝕。籠(long)(long)(long)內設(she)有(you)食(shi)罐、水罐與雜食(shi)罐各一(yi)個。籠(long)(long)(long)的底盤中鋪一(yi)層細(xi)沙(sha),既可被(bei)鳥啄食(shi),又可保護鳥的趾爪(zhua)。沙(sha)子要經常過篩和(he)晾曬,以保持沙(sha)子的干凈與衛生。