一、鳥籠怎么選
鳥籠是觀賞鳥進行活動與棲息的主要環境,因此需要對鳥籠的形狀、結構與工藝有所要求,使之既適合鳥的活動,又細致美觀。鳥(niao)籠可選用竹、木或金屬絲之類(lei)的材(cai)料制作,形(xing)狀(zhuang)有長方(fang)形(xing)、圓形(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)、扁形(xing)、半圓形(xing)、房(fang)式、腰鼓形(xing)等。
我國的鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)素以選材(cai)考究,做工精細,既適用又美(mei)觀(guan)而(er)聞名于世。為適應不同(tong)鳥(niao)(niao)的生(sheng)活習性(xing),觀(guan)賞(shang)籠(long)按鳥(niao)(niao)的種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)大(da)致分為食(shi)谷類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)食(shi)蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)。食(shi)谷類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)有金絲雀籠(long)、黃雀籠(long)、文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)、百靈籠(long)、繡眼籠(long)等(deng)(deng),食(shi)蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)有畫(hua)眉籠(long)、點頦(ke)籠(long)、八哥籠(long)等(deng)(deng)。此外,還有適合飼養鸚鵡(wu)的虎皮鸚鵡(wu)籠(long)和(he)各種棲架等(deng)(deng)。
選擇鳥(niao)(niao)籠時,籠的大(da)小(xiao)和形狀應與所飼養(yang)鳥(niao)(niao)的種(zhong)類和大(da)小(xiao)相適應,即以(yi)適于所飼養(yang)鳥(niao)(niao)的生活和方便管理為原則。一般(ban)體(ti)形較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的鳥(niao)(niao)選用(yong)(yong)高大(da)但條較(jiao)(jiao)密的籠,以(yi)免(mian)損(sun)壞尾(wei)羽。百靈等(deng)雖然體(ti)形較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao),但有高飛鳴唱的習(xi)性,最好用(yong)(yong)特(te)制(zhi)的高籠。一般(ban)小(xiao)鳥(niao)(niao)用(yong)(yong)條較(jiao)(jiao)密的小(xiao)籠即可(ke)。鸚鵡(wu)、交嘴(zui)雀等(deng)體(ti)型(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),嘴(zui)型(xing)特(te)殊(shu)的硬(ying)食鳥(niao)(niao)兒,要用(yong)(yong)金(jin)屬籠或鳥(niao)(niao)架飼養(yang)。
二、各種鳥籠的規格尺寸
1、金絲雀籠
又稱(cheng)芙蓉籠(long)(long)(long)、玉鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long),適合飼養金絲雀(que)、白色文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)、灰文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)、淡(dan)頭(tou)文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)、北(bei)朱雀(que)、金山(shan)珍珠鳥(niao)(niao)、相思鳥(niao)(niao)、三道(dao)眉草鹀等小型(xing)的(de)食(shi)谷(gu)鳥(niao)(niao)。可以(yi)用(yong)鍍鎳(nie)合金或(huo)(huo)竹子(zi)制(zhi)作(zuo),為(wei)精制(zhi)的(de)圓(yuan)形(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(繁殖用(yong)籠(long)(long)(long))鳥(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)。籠(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)有(you)平頂(ding)和圓(yuan)頂(ding)兩種,籠(long)(long)(long)底封(feng)閉有(you)底圈。圓(yuan)形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)高約(yue) 33厘(li)米(mi),直徑20厘(li)米(mi);方(fang)形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)長(chang)24.7厘(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)24.7厘(li)米(mi),高33.7厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)間距(ju)為(wei)1厘(li)米(mi),條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)粗0.2厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)底不用(yong)竹條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),以(yi)塑料板(ban)做成,底板(ban)可活動,便(bian)于拉出來洗刷。籠(long)(long)(long)內放2根棲木,并放一個食(shi)罐與(yu)飲(yin)水罐,籠(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)心有(you)板(ban),以(yi)改(gai)變鳥(niao)(niao)仰頭(tou)望(wang)天的(de)習(xi)性。
2、黃雀籠
適(shi)合黃雀(que)、大山(shan)(shan)雀(que)、金翅、朱雀(que)、朱頂雀(que),以及各(ge)種(zhong)鹀、文鳥等小型(xing)食谷(gu)鳥類(lei)。一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)竹制的平(ping)頂小方籠或小圓(yuan)籠。高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)20~22厘(li)(li)米,直徑30厘(li)(li)米。籠條的間(jian)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.2厘(li)(li)米,條粗0.2厘(li)(li)米。如果飼養(yang)沼澤山(shan)(shan)雀(que)、煤山(shan)(shan)雀(que)、黃腹山(shan)(shan)雀(que)、棕頭(tou)鴉雀(que)等,則籠條的間(jian)距為(wei)(wei)(wei)1厘(li)(li)米,也(ye)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)雀(que)籠。籠底(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木板或塑料而有底(di)圈(quan)的封閉底(di)(俗稱死底(di))。底(di)圈(quan)高(gao)3厘(li)(li)米,不(bu)鋪沙而用布墊。距籠底(di)5~6厘(li)(li)米處(chu)放(fang)兩根棲木,在(zai)棲木兩端各(ge)放(fang)2個(ge)精制而小巧的食罐與水罐。
3、繡眼鳥籠
是體積(ji)最小的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)鳥籠(long),適合飼養繡眼(yan)鳥、沼(zhao)澤山(shan)雀、煤山(shan)雀、黃(huang)腹(fu)山(shan)雀、棕(zong)頭鴉雀、燕雀、戴菊和(he)柳鶯等小型(xing)鳥類。多為(wei)小方籠(long),亮底,無(wu)底圈,糞(fen)托為(wei)籠(long)底插板。籠(long)子(zi)長、寬各為(wei)17厘(li)(li)米(mi)見方,籠(long)高24厘(li)(li)米(mi),籠(long)頂為(wei)拱形(xing),有(you)的(de)用竹片封住(zhu)。條(tiao)間距為(wei)1厘(li)(li)米(mi),條(tiao)粗(cu)為(wei)0.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)。上下各設一(yi)個(ge)棲杠,食、水罐(guan)各一(yi)個(ge),另設一(yi)個(ge)軟(ruan)食罐(guan)。籠(long)架(jia)的(de)結合處不用榫(sun)相接,而用牛筋或蠟線穿扎。
4、百靈籠
適合(he)飼養(yang)百靈(ling)(ling)、鳳頭百靈(ling)(ling)、沙(sha)(sha)百靈(ling)(ling)與云雀等鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類。形(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)圓形(xing),籠(long)(long)頂(ding)有拱頂(ding)與圓頂(ding)之分。籠(long)(long)的(de)(de)大小,分為(wei)(wei)三種規格,大型籠(long)(long),高55-160厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)50-60厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。為(wei)(wei)了攜帶方便,也可(ke)制成高低(di)可(ke)以(yi)升(sheng)降2~3節的(de)(de)“拉籠(long)(long)”,攜帶時(shi)降低(di),懸掛(gua)時(shi)升(sheng)起。中型籠(long)(long),高40-50厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)45厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。小型籠(long)(long),高25厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)30厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。條間距(ju)為(wei)(wei)1.2~1.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),條粗(cu)0.2~0.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。小型籠(long)(long)又分為(wei)(wei)大五(wu)圈(quan)(quan)和小五(wu)圈(quan)(quan)兩種,大五(wu)圈(quan)(quan)高28厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)34~36厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);小五(wu)圈(quan)(quan)高25厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)30~32厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)頂(ding)中央部分(俗稱天井或頂(ding)蓋)以(yi)銅(tong)板為(wei)(wei)好,美觀(guan)大方。籠(long)(long)底(di)為(wei)(wei)三合(he)板封(feng)閉,并圍以(yi)底(di)圈(quan)(quan),內鋪(pu)細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)土(tu),供鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)沙(sha)(sha)浴和食(shi)用,尚(shang)能保護它們的(de)(de)趾爪。底(di)板圍以(yi)底(di)圈(quan)(quan),以(yi)防(fang)砂浴的(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)與食(shi)用的(de)(de)砂粒(li)被鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)劃出籠(long)(long)外(wai)。百靈(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)地棲鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao),所(suo)以(yi)籠(long)(long)內不放棲木,僅在(zai)籠(long)(long)底(di)正中放一(yi)個(ge)(ge)蘑(mo)菇(gu)形(xing)臺(tai),又叫鳳凰臺(tai),供鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)歌舞鳴唱。臺(tai)高15~20厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)4~7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)面應粗(cu)糙一(yi)些(xie)。籠(long)(long)邊近底(di)部作一(yi)個(ge)(ge)圓孔(kong),孔(kong)的(de)(de)大小要適于鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)頭部伸出,在(zai)籠(long)(long)外(wai)的(de)(de)孔(kong)下面設一(yi)水(shui)罐(guan),能讓(rang)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)頭自由(you)伸出洞外(wai)飲水(shui)。飲水(shui)罐(guan)固(gu)定懸掛(gua)于洞外(wai)籠(long)(long)壁上,一(yi)則防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)潑(po)在(zai)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)上,二則可(ke)防(fang)止(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)糞污染水(shui)罐(guan)。食(shi)罐(guan)則掛(gua)在(zai)籠(long)(long)內。
沙子(zi)(zi)最好用河沙為好,因沙細而柔軟,且涼(liang)性較大(da),使鳥沙浴(yu)時感到清涼(liang)舒適,并可以(yi)擦拭(shi)羽毛(mao),使羽整齊(qi)。籠里(li)的沙子(zi)(zi)要常篩濾,并及(ji)時將鳥糞(fen)和其它雜物清理掉(diao),最好用水沖洗干凈(jing)。沙子(zi)(zi)用過(guo)一段時間后,應放在太陽下面(mian)曝曬消(xiao)毒。
5、點頦籠
適合飼(si)養紅點頦(ke)、藍點頦(ke)、紅尾鴝(qu)、白喉(hou)磯(ji)鶇(dong)等(deng)半地棲(qi)鳥類以(yi)及鴝(qu)類、鹟類等(deng)食(shi)蟲鳥類。一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)竹制的扁圓(yuan)形(xing)籠。籠高(gao)約30厘(li)(li)米,籠底(di)直徑20~25厘(li)(li)米,條間距1.5厘(li)(li)米,條粗(cu)0.2厘(li)(li)米,籠頂中央封(feng)閉(bi)部(bu)分直徑16厘(li)(li)米。底(di)為(wei)亮底(di),鋪布墊或(huo)托(tuo)糞板。籠內放(fang)置一(yi)根棲(qi)木,在棲(qi)木兩端分別(bie)放(fang)1個(ge)(ge)食(shi)罐(guan)和水罐(guan),另設一(yi)個(ge)(ge)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)軟食(shi)罐(guan)。
6、畫眉籠
畫眉籠的(de)(de)式樣很(hen)多,適合于(yu)飼養各種體形(xing)大小與(yu)畫眉相近的(de)(de)雜食鳥,如各種鵯類(lei)(lei)、鶇(dong)類(lei)(lei)、黃鸝、山椒鳥、椋(liang)鳥、太(tai)平鳥、鵲(que)鴝等。主(zhu)要有(you)板(ban)籠(long)(long)和(he)(he)亮籠(long)(long)2種,也(ye)有(you)介于(yu)二者之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)半板(ban)籠(long)(long),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)竹(zhu)(zhu)制。板(ban)籠(long)(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長方形(xing)或方形(xing),又(you)稱方籠(long)(long)或槽子,籠(long)(long)小而暗,造型(xing)穩重(zhong)、端莊,還應備有(you)籠(long)(long)罩,既便于(yu)攜(xie)帶,又(you)便于(yu)懸掛,尤是適合用(yong)于(yu)生鳥的(de)(de)馴養。一般長寬高(gao)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×21厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×27厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。正面的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)條有(you)9根(gen)(gen)和(he)(he)11根(gen)(gen)兩種,側面則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)11根(gen)(gen)或13根(gen)(gen),或者將頂(ding)、背、左右等部分(fen)均用(yong)竹(zhu)(zhu)片封住。由于(yu)畫眉的(de)(de)體形(xing)較大,竹(zhu)(zhu)條過密則會影響觀賞的(de)(de)視線(xian),條間(jian)(jian)距以1.7~2.0厘(li)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。籠(long)(long)內(nei)裝一棲木(mu),其(qi)位(wei)置在側面的(de)(de)第五(wu)根(gen)(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)條與(yu)第六根(gen)(gen)竹(zhu)(zhu)條上。在棲木(mu)的(de)(de)兩端,置放瓷質的(de)(de)食罐一對。一只(zhi)盛米(mi)(mi),另一只(zhi)盛水(shui)。棲木(mu)的(de)(de)高(gao)度,約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)籠(long)(long)高(gao)的(de)(de)三(san)分(fen)之一處,原則上要求(qiu)鳥立在棲木(mu)上,其(qi)頭碰不(bu)到籠(long)(long)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi),但也(ye)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)太(tai)低,避(bi)免鳥在棲木(mu)下方活動。
7、亮籠
以(yi)圓形為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),式樣變(bian)化較(jiao)多,有圓筒(tong)形、腰鼓形、六角多邊形和饅頭形等。籠頂中央(yang)封閉。籠的(de)(de)直徑和高各為(wei)(wei)33厘(li)米(mi),條(tiao)間距2厘(li)米(mi)、條(tiao)粗0.3厘(li)米(mi)。底為(wei)(wei)亮(liang)底,有糞托。籠內裝有三(san)根棲(qi)木(mu),呈(cheng)等腰三(san)角形設置,上(shang)一(yi)根為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要棲(qi)架,是一(yi)根直徑為(wei)(wei)2厘(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)沙木(mu)(在棲(qi)木(mu)表面涂上(shang)一(yi)層(ceng)漆后(hou),馬上(shang)撒上(shang)一(yi)層(ceng)細沙(金剛沙),待漆干后(hou),細沙粘在棲(qi)木(mu)上(shang)而成(cheng)),專供畫(hua)眉嘴與趾爪(zhua)的(de)(de)磨擦。其余兩根不用(yong)沙木(mu),僅作為(wei)(wei)畫(hua)眉跳(tiao)上(shang)或(huo)跳(tiao)下和轉身(shen)用(yong),是輔助的(de)(de)棲(qi)木(mu),兩者相對,并在同(tong)一(yi)高度(du)。棲(qi)木(mu)的(de)(de)粗細,以(yi)畫(hua)眉爪(zhua)能握住棲(qi)木(mu)外圍的(de)(de)二(er)分之一(yi)為(wei)(wei)宜。
8、八哥籠
又稱鷯(liao)哥(ge)籠(long),適(shi)合(he)飼養八(ba)哥(ge)、鷯(liao)哥(ge)、椋鳥、杜鵑(juan)、松鴉、藍(lan)翡翠、紅嘴(zui)藍(lan)鵲,以(yi)及(ji)鹛(mei)類(lei)、鶇類(lei)、伯勞類(lei)中體形(xing)較大的種類(lei)。籠(long)比較高(gao)大,為(wei)大型竹制或以(yi)14號鉛絲(si)制成的圓(yuan)筒狀,高(gao)45~48厘(li)米(mi)(mi),直徑36~38厘(li)米(mi)(mi),條(tiao)(tiao)間距為(wei)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),條(tiao)(tiao)粗0.3-0.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。由(you)于雜食性鳥類(lei)的食量大,排便多(duo),故應為(wei)亮底(di),籠(long)底(di)部竹條(tiao)(tiao)向上凸起,并(bing)設有承接(jie)糞便的托(tuo)盤或底(di)板,底(di)板距底(di)部竹條(tiao)(tiao)約5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),可以(yi)減少鳥糞及(ji)殘食污染鳥體。籠(long)內設帶有粘沙的棲木一(yi)根。大而深的食罐、飲水罐各1個,掛在籠(long)內,另設一(yi)個雜食罐,裝沙子、萊心等物(wu)。
9、虎皮鸚鵡籠
適合(he)飼養緋胸鸚鵡(wu)(wu)、牡丹鸚鵡(wu)(wu)、虎皮(pi)鸚鵡(wu)(wu)等(deng)中小型鸚鵡(wu)(wu)。籠(long)(long)(long)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀可分方形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)圓形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩種,單只飼養時圓形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)較好。由于(yu)鸚鵡(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嘴(zui)強(qiang)健有力,喜歡啃咬(yao),故不能用竹籠(long)(long)(long),必須(xu)用鐵(tie)絲(si)籠(long)(long)(long),底(di)(di)為(wei)鐵(tie)皮(pi)封閉,并(bing)有底(di)(di)圈,籠(long)(long)(long)底(di)(di)設有一個抽(chou)屜式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)盤。籠(long)(long)(long)頂和四邊(bian)均(jun)用12號鐵(tie)絲(si),大小為(wei)長35厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)、寬35厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)、高42厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。圓形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直徑(jing)為(wei)36厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)、高42厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),籠(long)(long)(long)頂及(ji)籠(long)(long)(long)邊(bian)也(ye)用12號鐵(tie)絲(si)構成,條間距為(wei)2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)內(nei)設2~3根棲木,分層(ceng)擺放,便于(yu)鸚鵡(wu)(wu)日(ri)常活動。鐵(tie)絲(si)最好用油(you)漆刷1~2次(ci),便于(yu)日(ri)常洗(xi)刷,而且(qie)能防止銹蝕(shi)。籠(long)(long)(long)內(nei)設有食罐、水罐與(yu)雜食罐各一個。籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)(di)盤中鋪一層(ceng)細沙,既可被鳥(niao)啄食,又可保護鳥(niao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趾(zhi)爪。沙子(zi)(zi)要(yao)經常過(guo)篩和晾曬,以保持沙子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干凈與(yu)衛(wei)生。